scholarly journals Effect of organophosphorus compounds on the external respiratory function in rats during intratracheal and intraperitoneal administration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Kryazhevskikh ◽  
Aleksey A. Kryazhevskikh ◽  
Svetlana N. Subbotina ◽  
Nataliia A. Sklyarova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Lethal Doses

Due to the increasing influence of chemical factors on the human body, the experiment has been conducted using organophosphorus compounds (OPC) to stimulate poisoning cases in the production facilities. Given that the development of respiratory failure is a specific organophosphate poisoning symptom, a comparative analysis of external respiratory function (ERF) in rats with intratracheal and intraperitoneal administration of diisopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) has been carried out. During the research, the average lethal doses of the toxic chemicals have been established, the conditions of DFP intoxication have been modeled. Thus, LD16 was 0.284 mg/kg by intratracheal administration, 1.6 mg/kg by intraperitoneal administration. Experimental data have shown that the intratracheal intake of OPC causes the development of respiratory failure in the first minutes after poisoning. The return of the ERF indicators to the background values was noted a day after poisoning. With the intraperitoneal administration of the toxic chemical, the rate of development of ERF disorders was lower, toxic effects persisted for two days. The data obtained can be used to make appropriate recommendations for the prevention of accidents and non-emergency cases in a production facility.

Safety study of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine combination in an experimental model of respiratory failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Nikolay G. Vengerovich ◽  
Mikhail A. Judin ◽  
Yury O. Kon’shakov ◽  
Konstantin A. Sherbasov ◽  
Stanislav V. Gadzikovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Average Effective Dose ◽  
Lethal Doses

In an experimental model of respiratory failure induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 LD50 of paraquat (24 mg/kg) the changes of physical activity tolerance, respiratory function parameters were studied and histomorphologic validation of experimental results was confirmed. In a model of respiratory failure the assessment of analgesic activity and toxicity of fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and their combination was made and compared with intact animals. The integral tolerance rates (therapeutic action width) were also estimated. It was shown that on the background of pulmonary pathology for each of the drugs 13-28% decrease of average lethal doses was observed. At the same time when administered in combination an average effective dose of the drugs wasn’t changed in contrast with single-drug analgesia.

Central respiratory failure during acute organophosphate poisoning

2013 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Carey ◽  
Courtney Dunn ◽  
Romolo J. Gaspari
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning

Percorso assistenziale e scelte terapeutiche nella Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (SLA) / Care pathway and therapeutics choices for Amyiotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Mario Sabatelli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Muscular Weakness ◽  
Sulla Base ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Critical Aspects

La Sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è una malattia devastante caratterizzata da una paralisi progressiva dei muscoli scheletrici compresi quelli degli arti, della deglutizione, della fonazione e della respirazione. La morte si verifica entro 3-5 anni nella gran parte dei casi e in un contesto di grande sofferenza a causa dei sintomi della insufficienza respiratoria. La introduzione di tecnologie innovative per supportare la funzione respiratoria con la ventilazione meccanica ha cambiato notevolmente l’approccio assistenziale alle persone con SLA. Il presente contributo intende approfondire, sulla base dell’esperienza maturata presso il Centro Clinico NeMOFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, alcuni aspetti problematici nel percorso assistenziale e delle relative scelte terapeutiche per i pazienti affetti da SLA. ---------- Amyiotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness, leading to limb palsy, difficulties in swallowing, speaking and breathing. Death occurs within 3-5 years in most patients in the context of significant suffering due to symptoms of respiratory failure. The availability of novel technology to support respiratory function by mechanical ventilation has profoundly changed the management of people with ALS. The present article addresses some critical aspects of both care pathway and the related therapeutics choices for patients with ALS on the basis of the experience of the Centro Clinico NeMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS.

Toxic Chemical Pollution of the St. Lawrence River (Canada) and its Upper Estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Estuarine Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Water ◽  
St Lawrence River

Decline of the Beluga whale population in the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River may be related to the high content of toxic metals and organic chemicals in their tissues. For three years, the National Water Research Institute has conducted research cruises of the St. Lawrence River to identify the major toxic chemical pollutants in the river and to determine their transport to, and fate in, the upper estuary. The impact of toxic chemicals in the estuarine zone is tied not only to their fate in the increasing salinity and turbidity zone of the upper estuary but to their source, transport mechanisms, and fate in the upstream river.

scholarly journals A Neonate with an Unusual Midline Defect and Cardiovascular Anomaly

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. e15-e17
Author(s):  
Martin Poryo ◽  
Paul Hoffmann ◽  
Hans-Joachim Schäfers ◽  
Clemens-Magnus Meier ◽  
Katrin Altmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Autologous Graft ◽  
Midline Defect ◽  
Sternal Cleft ◽  
Cardiovascular Anomaly

AbstractWe present a female neonate with a sternal cleft (SC) and additional aortic aneurysm who presented with respiratory failure. Stabilization of the SC was achieved by using the xyphoid process as an autologous graft bridging the upper part of the SC. We conclude that a step-wise correction of the SC with the use of an autologous graft may improve respiratory function, and should be considered when complete surgical correction is not feasible.

scholarly journals A Schematic Method for Sustainable Material Selection of Toxic Chemicals in Design and Manufacturing

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Y. Yuan ◽  
David A. Dornfeld
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Sustainable Material ◽  
Human Health Impact ◽  
Design And Manufacturing

Toxic chemicals used in product design and manufacturing are grave concerns due to their toxic impact on human health. Implementing sustainable material selection strategies on toxic chemicals can substantially improve the sustainability of products in both design and manufacturing processes. In this paper, a schematic method is presented for characterizing and benchmarking the human health impact of toxic chemicals, as a visual aid to facilitate decision-making in the material selection process for sustainable design and manufacturing. In this schematic method, the human health impact of a toxic chemical is characterized by two critical parameters: daily exposure risk R and environmental persistence T. The human health impact of a toxic chemical is represented by its position in the R−T two-dimensional plot, which enables the screening and benchmarking of toxic chemicals to be easily made through comparing their relative positions in the characterization plot. A case study is performed on six toxic chemicals commonly used as solvents for cleaning and degreasing in product development and manufacturing.

Superiority of PC-SOD to other anti-COPD drugs for elastase-induced emphysema and alteration in lung mechanics and respiratory function in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (12) ◽  
pp. L1250-L1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichiro Tanaka ◽  
Keizo Sato ◽  
Kazutetsu Aoshiba ◽  
Arata Azuma ◽  
Tohru Mizushima
Keyword(s):  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Ipratropium Bromide ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammatory Response

Bronchodilators (such as ipratropium bromide), steroids (such as fluticasone propionate), and newly developed anti-inflammatory drugs (such as roflumilast) are used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We recently reported that lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) confers a protective effect in mouse models of COPD. We here examined the therapeutic effect of the combined administration of PC-SOD with ipratropium bromide on pulmonary emphysema and compared the effect of PC-SOD to other types of drugs. The severity of emphysema in mice was assessed by various criteria. Lung mechanics (elastance) and respiratory function (ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first 0.05 s to forced vital capacity) were assessed. Administration of PC-SOD by inhalation suppressed elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, and respiratory dysfunction. The concomitant intratracheal administration of ipratropium bromide did not alter the ameliorating effects of PC-SOD. Administration of ipratropium bromide, fluticasone propionate, or roflumilast alone did not suppress the elastase-induced increase in the pulmonary level of superoxide anion, pulmonary inflammatory response, pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, or respiratory dysfunction as effectively as did PC-SOD. PC-SOD, but not the other drugs, showed a therapeutic effect even when the drug was administered after the development of emphysema. PC-SOD also suppressed the cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammatory response and increase in airway resistance. Based on these results, we consider that the inhalation of PC-SOD would be therapeutically beneficial for COPD.

scholarly journals A METHOD FOR RESTORING VOICE FUNCTION OF THE LARYNX AFTER OPERATIONS FOR THYROID CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
N.V. Kovalenko ◽  
◽  
D.V. Fainshtein ◽  
V.V. Ponomaryev ◽  
A.Yu. Nenarokomov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Voice

The incidence of thyroid cancer in the period from 2008 to 2018 in the Russian Federation increased from 74,8 to 114,1 cases per 100,000 population. The risk of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during primary operations ranges from 0,5 to 23 %, with repeated operations increases to 62 %. The Volgograd regional clinical oncological dispensary uses the technique of intraoperative restoration of the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by means of a micro-neural anastomosis with the main trunk of the vagus nerve. We have experience in performing 6 similar operations. The description of this technique is given on the example of a clinical case. The described technique allows you to completely restore the voice and mobility of the vocal folds of the larynx. Respiratory function is fully restored, which makes it possible to avoid the formation of a tracheostomy in case of bilateral nerve damage, and if even unilateral paresis led to decompensated respiratory failure.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ventilator dalam Proses End of Life dan Tinjauannya Menurut Pandangan Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulya Mauliddina ◽  
Ferryal Basbeth ◽  
Muhammad Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Probability Sampling

Background: A mechanical ventilator is a device used to help with respiratory function. Its use is indicated for patients with hypoxemia, severe hypercapnia and respiratory failure. Mechanical ventilator is one of the important and widely used aspects for critical patient care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: This research was conducted with non-probability sampling techniques. Non-probability sampling techniques was determined by purposive method, which is to determine the criteria first, then the samples are taken according to predetermined criteria. Results: As much as 98 medical records taken from the Juwita Bekasi Hospital ICU from  2013-2017  showed  that 3 patients showed effective results for ventilator installation and 95 patients showed ineffective results. Conclusion: Based on medical record in Juwita Bekasi Hospital from 2013 to 2017, The mechanical ventilation installation was not effective and only has 1% effectivity.

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