scholarly journals Peculiarities of the functional state of external respiration of primary school children during adaptation to different efforts

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Zayneev ◽  
N I Ziyatdinova ◽  
T L Zefirov
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
School Children ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Academic Year

Aim. To study the peculiarities of external respiratory functioning in boys of 8, 9 and 10 years in various periods of the academic year at rest, after a dosed dynamic and static loads. Methods. Examined were 38 practically healthy boys with an average level of physical development. Observation was conducted in three age groups of boys: 8, 9 and 10 years. The functional state of the respiratory system was assessed by the magnitude of lung volumes and ventilation parameters. The test with an isometric load was performed in a sitting position by squeezing a dynamometer in the left hand with a force equal to 50% of the maximal effort produced within 1 min. Results. In the 8-year-old boys noted was the tension of the functional state of the respiratory system at the beginning of the academic year. By the year of the end, the static load causes a decrease of the reserves of external respiration and static lung volumes, and an increase of the frequency component. In the 9-year-old boys at all study periods the static load leads to less favorable shifts in the respiration parameters in comparison with the dynamic load. In the 10-year-old boys at the beginning of the academic year both types of loads lead to adverse shifts of the parameters of external respiration, by the middle of the year adaptive capacities of the respiratory system become optimized. Conclusion. Local static load causes adverse shifts in the respiratory system of the primary school children, accompanied by a decrease in efficiency of the ventilation function of the lungs and by adverse reaction of the parameters of biomechanics.

scholarly journals Objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels among primary school children in Norway: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hai Deng ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Aims: The objective was to investigate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (MVPA) of primary school children at baseline of the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP), Norway. Methods: Data on 2123 children aged 6–12 years were included for analysis (75% participation rate). Average minutes per day in MVPA was objectively measured using accelerometry based on seven-day averages. The sample was analysed for age-, sex-, socioeconomic-, and season-related patterns. A linear regression investigated the moderating effect of these factors as well as body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Some 86.5% of the sample had at least 60 min/day MVPA, averaging 90.7 min/day. The main differences in daily averages were between age groups 6½–9 and 10–12 ( p < .05). Boys (95.8 min/day, 95% CI: 94.1–97.5) were more active than girls (85.6 min/day, 95% CI: 83.9–87.2) in all age groups ( p < .0001). MVPA was lower by 3.5 min ( p < .0001) per additional year of age in the linear regression (R2 = 0.176) and was reduced by 20 min less per day in MVPA in the winter months compared with the summer months ( p < .0001). Conclusions: Physical activity levels are already in decline from 6–7 years old and are likely to continue to decline into adolescence. Interventions must therefore focus on primary school children.

Can WordBricks Make Learning Irish More Engaging for Students?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Monica Ward ◽  
Maxim Mozgovoy ◽  
Marina Purgina
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
School Children ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Language Learning ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Typical School

Learning a language is challenging and it is important that learners be kept motivated throughout the process. Many Irish primary school children are not particularly motivated to learn the language and there are few computer assisted language learning (CALL) resources available to them. WordBricks is an app that enables learners to construct only grammatically correct sentences. It leverages a visual learning paradigm and has a Scratch-like interface. It was originally developed for English, and more recently has been expanded to cater for Irish. This article investigates if using Irish WordBricks is both suitable and usable for primary school learners, if it is pedagogically appropriate for them and if it is enjoyable for them. The WordBricks app was tested by five classes of two different age groups in a typical school in Ireland. This article reports on the results of the WordBricks deployment and the feedback of students and teachers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Children Aged 8–13 Years in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail N. Pangani ◽  
Festus K. Kiplamai ◽  
Jane W. Kamau ◽  
Vincent O. Onywera
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. The understanding of obesity as a growing health problem in Africa and Tanzania in particular is hampered by lack of data as well as sociocultural beliefs in which overweight and obesity are revered. This study sought to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 8–13 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Method. A cross-sectional analytical research design was used to study overweight and obesity in primary schools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The target population was 150,000 children aged 8–13 years. Stratified random sampling was used to select 1781 children. Weight and height were taken and WHO standards for children were used to determine weight status.Results. Findings showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.9% and 6.7%, respectively (N=1781). However, 6.2% of the children were underweight. There were significant differences in mean BMI between children in private and public schools (p=0.021), between male and female (p<0.001), and across age groups of 8–10 and 11–13 years (p<0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children is significant and requires management and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Ability of Pre-school and Primary School Children to Assess the Quality of Explanations

Pedagogika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Aušra Daugirdienė ◽  
Agnė Brandišauskienė ◽  
Danguolė Endriuškienė
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Impact

Explanations about the surrounding world are of particular significance for children since it is a way for them to learn and cognise the environment. However, Legare (2014) maintains that little is known about the impact of explanations on learning. For the past decade, explanations have been one of the major themes in the studies of cognitive psychology. They aim at answering the key questions: what is the nature of the phenomenon (explanation), what is it composed of, what are its quality criteria, how is it constructed and perceived by children (Lombrozo, 2006). Hence, the aim of the current paper is to explore the ability of pre-school and primary school children to assess the quality of explanations. The aforesaid aim was posed in accordance with the methodology developed by the authors (the methodology was designed with reference to the study of Baum, Danovitch, and Keil (Baum et al., 2008). The research involved 61 children: 20 pre-school children, and 41 primary school children (21 children of the second grade, and 20 children of the fourth grade respectively). The main conclusions of this research are: – children’s ability to assess the quality of explanations increases from pre-school age to the second grade of primary school, yet at this period, it remains unchanged (from the second to fourth grade); – despite that the ability to assess the quality of explanations on familiar and unfamiliar topics differs in both age groups (pre-school and primary school), the differences are not statistically significant. It has been determined that, assessing explanation on familiar and unfamiliar topics, pre-school children and fourth grade pupils are able to distinguish circular explanations on familiar topics in a more similar way than assessing explanations on unfamiliar topics. Moreover, older primary learners are more precise in assessing explanations on familiar rather than unfamiliar topics; – the oldest children (fourth grade learners) choose a noncircular explanation as a better one more knowingly and reasonably. Meanwhile, children of pre-school age and second grade pupils cannot often point out why they have chosen a noncircular explanation; – only older children (mostly fourth grade pupils and several second grade learners) are able to recognise and identify the structure of a circular explanation. The conducted research provides insights into the ability of small children to assess the acquired information. It is noteworthy that the assessment and creation of explanations is one of the mechanisms of learning and development (Bonawitz et al., 2008; Legare, & Lombrozo, 2014). Hence, their impact is obvious: explanations give a basis for learning, whereas prior knowledge is fundamental for explanations (Williams, & Lombrozo, 2013).

scholarly journals Prevalence of the common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children in Finoteselam town, West Gojam Zone, Amhara region (Ethiopia).

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Maru Wassie Yenene ◽  
Abayneh Unasho Gandile
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
And Control

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been still quite common in developing countries including Ethiopia, particularly in children with low socio-economic and poor living conditions. Previous studies in Ethiopia have shown high burden of intestinal parasitic infections among the primary school children. The effective prevention and control of parasitic infections require research work based on the identification of intestinal parasites including associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children. Methods: A school based cross- sectional study was conducted from September, 2019- January, 2020 and a total of 422 asymptomatic primary school children were involved in the study. Specimens of the stool samples were examined using the standard parasite and ova method. Direct microscopy using saline and iodine wet mount preparation was used to examine the presence of eggs and larvae of helminthes and trophozoites and cysts of protozoan parasites and formalin ether concentration method was used for quality assurance. Structured questionnaires were also used to collect quantitative data on socio-demographic characteristics and predisposing factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 422 students (aged 5-14 years) participated in the study, 245(58%) were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Of the total infected participants, 192(45.5%) were single infections and 53(12.6%) were double infections identified. Seven types of intestinal parasitic infections were identified in the present study. The most prevalent parasite was Giardia lamblia 95(22.5%) followed by hook worm 58(13.7%). Age groups 5-9 years old were more infected, 173 (70.6%) than age groups 10-14 years old 72(29.4%). This result also showed parasitic infections were associated with predisposing factors related to infectious cycles. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations: The present study revealed that there was a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among students in the targeted primary schools. Therefore, all stakeholders should give attention to raise awareness about the prevention and control mechanisms of intestinal parasitic infections. Moreover, the health services of the local government should develop a habit of mass public health education and deworming intervention to improve the level of parasitic infection and environmental hygiene in the study area.

scholarly journals THE RELEVANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERCEPTUAL ABILITIES IN CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Yerofeyeva ◽  
Tatyana Kokhanover
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Primary School Age

Article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities and importance of the development of perceptual abilities of children studying in primary school. First of all, the concept of perception, classification and properties are considered for further understanding of the topic. The article includes a comparison of perception by age groups and shows by the example of an experiment how much perception skills affect the lives of primary school children. The peculiarities of the psyche of children aged 7-10 years, such as concentration time, attentiveness, perception of time, were taken into account. Basically, the article touches on certain types of perceptual abilities, such as visual and auditory perceptions. These types of perception skills are of the greatest importance in the development of children.

Secular trends in height, weight and body mass index of primary school children in Turkey between 1993 and 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Topçu ◽  
Filiz Şimşek Orhon ◽  
Betül Ulukol ◽  
Sevgi Başkan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractBackground:The aim of the study was to analyze the secular trends in height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of children in a Turkish primary school in a 23-year time interval.Methods:The height, weight and BMI of 1099 children between 7 and 15 years old were measured. Data were compared to those of children of the same ages from previous measurements carried out in 1993 (867 children) and in 2003 (1214 children) in the same school. The changes in weight, height and BMI were determined and analyzed statistically.Results:Weight increments between 7.7 and 16.2 kg/23 years and height increments between 1.1 and 8.3 cm/23 years were observed in boys. For girls, weight increments between 6.5 and 13.4 kg/23 years and height increments between 1.3 and 7.2 cm/23 years were indicated. Usually, there were significant height increments between 1993 and 2016 in both genders. However, there were no significant differences in height between 2003 and 2016 for all age groups. Furthermore, there were significant differences in BMI measurements in all age and gender groups between 1993 and 2016.Conclusions:The secular ascending trend in height seems to stop between 2003 and 2016; however, increments in weight and mean BMI tend to continue in Turkish primary school children and adolescents.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF DENTOGNATHIC ANOMALIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN OF UZHGOROD

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
V.S. Melnyk ◽  
L.F. Horzov
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
State Level ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Deep Bite ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
High Prevalence

Violations in the development of the dentognathic aparatus damage not only the health of the child but also adversely affect its adaptation in the social environment. The aim - to study the prevalence and structure of dentognathic anomalies in  primary schoolchildren, which corresponds to the period of mixed bite. Materials and methods. Dental examination of primary school children of Uzhhorod at the age of 7-11 years was conducted. The medical cards were selected to analyze 267 people, age groups (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 years). Among them there were 133 (49.8%) boys and 134 (50.2%) girls. Regarding their age, the average value was 9.17 (± 2.06) years. In the course of the dental examination, the prevalence of dental abdominal anomalies in children has been studied and evaluated. Results of the research and their discussion. A survey of schoolchildren revealed a high prevalence of dentognathic anomalies. An unpleasant surprise was that a high prevalence of dentognathic anomalies was detected in the mixed bite, while at the age of 9 it was 88,1 ± 2,07%. That means that almost every child had one or another bite anomaly or anomalies of the position of the teeth. Among the number of anomalies, the position of the teeth, their appearance, as diastema, trema, occupies a small part at 7 years olds – 10,44 ± 4,38%, at 8 years olds– 8,10 ± 2,5%, at 9 years olds –7,52 ± 3,23%, at 10 years olds – 3,89 ± 1,81% and at 11 years olds – 4,56 ± 2,22%. It is 2-3 times less than the number of anomalies of the position of other teeth that require more complex treatment. The prevalence of distal occlusion predominates in most age groups: at 8 years olds – 48.73 ± 4.36%, at 9 years olds – 37.80 ± 6.12%, at 10 years olds – 20.45 ± 4.02%, and at 11 years olds – 10, 53 ± 3.21%, and only at 7 years olds the deep bite occupies the first place (30.72 ± 6.44%). The number of severe pathologies, such as open and mesial bite, is not too great and they do not occur in all age groups. Their prevalence is: at 8 years olds the bite is open – 5.61 ± 2.12%, mesial – 2.56 ± 1.47%, at 9 years olds open – 7.33 ± 3.28%, mesial is not detected, at 10 years olds – 1,86 ± 1,28% and 1,34 ± 0,86% respectively, at 11 years olds open bite –2,40 ± 1,51%, mesial bite was also not detected.   Conclusion. With the age and development of the child, the number of anomalies increases. The results of the obtained data indicate that the most frequent is deep bite, distal bite and anomalies of the position of the teeth. Some types of anomalies are absent or have a low prevalence rate at early school age, gradually becoming more massive (crossbite, open, mesial bite) in older children. The data we receive eloquently testify to the urgent need for the introduction of programs aimed at early detection and treatment of the above mentioned pathology. The high prevalence of dentognathic anomalies in the territory of the city of Uzhhorod in children of elementary school age is connected with insufficient provision of skilled personnel at the state level. Dental examinations at school institutions are becoming less frequent, indicating that there are no preventive measures and no treatment. Timely diagnosis of early forms of dentognathic anomalies can correct violations and ensure the normal development of the dentognathic system. Therefore, the role of early diagnosis and prevention of dental anomalies is extremely important.

Primary School Children's Practices of Watching Cartoons and Their Perceptions About Cartoon Character

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Vahit İlhan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cartoon Character ◽  
Preferential Position ◽  
Cartoon Characters ◽  
School Period ◽  
Watching Tv

Relation between television and children is, to a large extend, associated through cartoons. Cartoons are in the leading preferential position of children audience from pre-school period to adolescence. Having been accessible all through 24 hours after the appearance of thematic children channels, cartoons have been opening doors of hundreds of various worlds. Stories, designed within the framework of global or domestic codes, are transmitting their messages through characters at first place. This research on audience was performed in Kayseri and is aimed to define the children's habits of watching TV and cartoon and their perceptions about cartoon characters. A survey has been applied to 420 student from various age groups in 3 different schools ensampling three different socio-economic levels. According to the results gained, the most watched cartoon TV by primary school children is TRT Çocuk, most watched cartoon is Rafadan Tayfa and Keloğlan is the most loved character among 96 different cartoon characters. It was determined that national productions are in the forefront but generally the international productions dominate. It was also determined that children define the behaviors of cartoon characters with adjectives such as good, nice...etc. Otherwise the characters have extraordinary features appears to be a factor which causes increase in the ratings. Moreover, it is suggested in the research that gender is an important determinant within the context of cartoon selection and adoption of cartoon characters.

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