scholarly journals N.I. Pirogov and his proverbial: «I believe in hygiene»

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
B. I. Zholus ◽  
I. V. Petreev
Keyword(s):  
Military Hospital ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Powerful Incentive

The great doctor, anatomist, surgeon, teacher, professor Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) glorified not only Russian medicine, but also Russia as a whole. His discoveries and achievements relate primarily to the anatomy and its topographic direction, surgery and its military field, the military medical administration is the organization of medical support for the army. The vast majority of scientific results were achieved by Professor N.I. Pirogov during his work at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy from December 1840 to July 1856. Among all his wonderful quotes and expressions, the words I believe in hygiene and The future belong to preservative medicine gained the most popularity. They were published in Russian in his fundamental work The Beginnings of General Military Field Surgery, Taken from Observations of Military Hospital Practice and Memoirs of the Crimean War and the Caucasian Expedition in 1865. For more than 150 years, these phrases continue to be quoted by doctors of many specialties. . The question of what meaning Nikolay Ivanovich invested in these winged words and served as the reason for this article. To understand the great scientists judgments, his words individuality and fatalism, which preceded these historical phrases, are analyzed. The sources of knowledge and experience of hygiene of the first half of the XIX century, which N.I. could use Pirogov since, until 1865, neither in Europe nor in Russia did hygiene acquire the status of an independent science, its provisions were based on empirical information received by doctors in both peacetime and wartime. With full confidence, it can be argued that the highest authority of N.I. Pirogov and his catch phrase I believe in hygiene served as a powerful incentive for the development of all hygiene science.

scholarly journals Seventy Years Since the Establishment of the Skopje Military Hospital, 1944-2014

PRILOZI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
Doncho Donev ◽  
Ilija Gligorov ◽  
Andreja Naumovski
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
The Village

AbstractAim: To present the phases and activities over the period of the existence and work of the Military Hospital in Skopje, from its establishment in 1944 to its transformation on 01.01.2010.Methods: A retrospective study based on available archive materials, encyclopaedias and other sources of information and review of the relevant literature, and personal experiences, observations and memories of the authors and others.Results: During the War of 1941-1945, the larger military units formed hospitals. On 15.11.1944, the hospital of the Headquarters of the People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Macedonia was moved from the village Gorno Vranovci to Skopje. The Military Hospital in Skopje received the status of permanent hospital of the 5th Army, and from 1945-1963 worked at the “Crescent” facility. After the earthquake in 1963, due to damage, it was partly moved to the hospital in Nish, and partly dispersed in pavilions. In 1971 a new military medical complex was put into operation, in which most belonged to the Military Hospital in Skopje. Until 1992 the military sanitation service was under the command of the then Yugoslav People's Army, and then was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defence of R. Macedonia. From 10.04.1992 to 2.06.1992 it served as a Military Hospital of the Army of R. Macedonia and then as the “Centre of Military Health Institutions” until 26.10.2001. Then it was renamed the Military Hospital of the Army of R. Macedonia until March 2008, when converted to the Ministry of Defence as “Military Health Service - Military Hospital”. On 01.01.2010 the Military Hospital was reshaped into: PHI Eighth of September City General Hospital, Skopje, and the Military Medical Centre.Conclusion: The Military Hospital in Skopje over the period of its existence has been one of the key specialist-consultative and hospital facilities in the health system in R. Macedonia for providing health care to military beneficiaries and the civilian population.

The Geopolitical Origins of the Crimean War (1853-1856) and the Secret Russian-Iranian Negotiations

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Nugzar K. Ter-Oganov
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Marxist Ideology ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Support ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

The Crimean War of 1853-1856 is regarded as one of the bloodiest wars in the history of XIX century. Many authors dedicated their research for studying the military and political backgrounds of the Crimean War. It is notable that according to the Western (mainly, the British) historical tradition, as well as to the Soviet historiography, based on the Marxist ideology, the only person who was solely responsible for the origin of the Crimean War was the Russian Emperor Nicolai I. Nevertheless, as it becomes clear from the short analyses of the political situation in Europe in the prewar period, the clash of geopolitical interests of the leading European Empires, including France, and Ottoman Empire from one side, with the Russian Empire from another, eventually laid down the grounds for war. For the purpose to guarantee safety on the Russian-Iranian border and at the same time to avoid rendering any possible military support to Ottoman Empire by Qajar Iran, Russia offered the Iranian authorities to conclude a military alliance. The Russian-Iranian diplomatic negotiations, started in May 1853, led to the signing in Tehran, in September 1854 of the secret “Convention of Neutrality”, according to which Iran declared the non-interference policy in the Crimean War. As a reward for the signing of that convention Russia promised Iran not to recover the last payment of the known contribution, equal to a half million tumans, which Iran had to pay to Russia. Keywords: The Crimean War of 1853-1856, the Status of the Black Sea, the Straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles, the Paris Treaty of 1856, the Russian-Iranian Secret Negotiations in 1853-1854, the Iranian Convention of Neutrality of 1854.

scholarly journals Thoughts of N.I. Pirogov «About desirable transformations of the Medico-Surgical Academy»

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
B I Zholus ◽  
I V Petreev
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
University Leadership ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military

The great doctor, anatomist, surgeon, teacher, professor Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) glorified not only Russian medicine, but also Russia as a whole. The vast majority of scientific results were achieved by him during his work at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy from December 1840 to July 1856. His discoveries and achievements relate primarily to anatomy and its topographic direction, surgery and its military field, the military medical «administration» - the organization of medical support for the army. Contemporaries N.I. Pirogov was noted for his high pedagogical abilities. 21 years after the death of N.I. Pirogov, his wife transferred part of the archive to Novorossiysk (now Odessa) University. Among the works was an article written in pencil, «On the desirable transformations of the Medical and Surgical Academy». Professor of Anatomy of the University N.A. Batuev published an article in the Russky Doktor newspaper in 1902, in which the idea that military doctors are educated in universities in European countries on the basis of medical faculties, which should be administratively independent of university leadership, was a common thread. Nikolai Ivanovich proposed at the initial stage of training to guide students through the general faculty of natural sciences. Further, his proposal was that the medical faculty should be divided into two departments: the first - for the training of civilian doctors, and the second - for those wishing to enlist in the military. Commonwealth with the University of N.I. Pirogov was seen as an opportunity to deepen and expand the knowledge acquired by students, especially natural sciences, in the initial period of study.

Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

Organizer of Scientific Activity as a Subject of Intellectual Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Scientific Team

The author analyzes the legal status of the organizers of artistic creation, enshrined in the Russian legislation de lege lata, and develops the legal status of the organizer of scientific activities de lege ferenda. It is proposed to consider the organizer of scientific activity as only the head of the temporary scientific team, the purpose of which is to solve a specific scientific problem. A set of elements of the legal structure is formulated, which may be fixed in a normative manner in order to ensure uniformity of legal regulation of the activities of temporary research teams. The status of the organizer of scientific activity is determined on the base of his organizational efforts to guide the creative activities of the team (a distinction is made between the creative and organizational contribution of the head of the scientific team to the overall result). Various options for modeling the legal status of the organizer of scientific activities are discussed: inclusion of the organizer among the co-authors the scientific results obtained by the team; inclusion of the organizer among the co-authors in case if he / she has a creative idea (topic) of academic search; granting the organizer related intellectual rights to the entire result obtained by the team. It is presumed that the organizer of scientific activity is the author of the idea of scientific search for solving the task set for the temporary team. It is concluded that the organizer of scientific activity (the head of the temporary scientific team) must be endowed with related intellectual rights: 1) the exclusive right to use the scientific result obtained by the team as a whole, and 2) the personal non-property right to indicate his name in any use of this result. The author substantiates the content, non-turnover and special validity period of the exclusive right of the organizer of scientific activity.

Simulation of an Aircraft Accident at Brussels Airport

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Fr Labeeu ◽  
M de Backer ◽  
C Bellanger
Keyword(s):  
Military Hospital ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Code Number ◽  
Landing Point ◽  
Call Number ◽  
Aircraft Accident ◽  
The Military

The exercise held at Brussels Airport was carried out by inexperienced personnel to highlight the most common errors and shortcomings of an existing disaster plan.INCIDENT COMMUNICATIONOnce an aircraft is known to be in trouble, all the nearby fire brigades are alerted by means of the unique call number 900 and move to take up their stand-by position close to the landing point. The Military Hospital is also alerted and sends out a liaison car, with a doctor among its occupants. This car joins the stand-by position. Once the aircraft has crashed, the fire engines rush to the site and all the major university hospitals and the Military Hospital are notified by the same 900-code number. Disaster teams arrive by road.This report is almost exclusively limited to aspects of rescue, triage, on-site stabilization, and evacuation of the casualties.

IN ADDITION TO THE DEBATE ON THE MILITARY AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF N. G. STOLETOV'S SUMMER MISSION TO AFGHANISTAN IN 1878

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
A.B. ARBEKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
British India ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Major General

The article analyzes the events that led to the beginning of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1881). In particular, the military and political side of the Anglo-Russian conflict at the final stage of the Eastern crisis (1875-1878) is sub-jected to a more detailed study. The author examines in details a particular episode – the departure to Afghanistan in the summer of 1878 the diplomatic mission of Major-General N. G. Stoletov to conclude an alliance against England, which was accompanied with a military demon-stration of the Russian army in relation to British India. Based on the comparison of the domestic and foreign researcher’s points of view, as well as by involving various groups of historical sources, an attempt is made to give an objective assessment of these events and to identify their influence on the genesis of the second Anglo-Afghan war, which became a natural consequence of the Anglo-Russian rivalry in the East at the end of the XIX century.

A IRMANDADE DO SENHOR DOS PASSOS E A SANTA CASA DE MISERICÓRDIA: HISTÓRIA, CARIDADE E EXPERIÊNCIAS DE URBANIDADE EM PORTO ALEGRE/RS. SÉCULOS XVIII-XIX "The 'Senhor dos Passos' brotherhood and the Holy House of Mercy..."

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mara Regina do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City

Este artigo propõe-se a ser uma colaboração com os estudos dedicados às irmandades religiosas brasileiras, na sua face regional. A linha de pensamento adotada toma a cidade, a experiência urbana e as ditas associações religiosas como instâncias sociais intimamente relacionadas e interdependentes. Durante o século XIX, a irmandade gestora da Santa Casa de Misericórdia em Porto Alegre cumpria um papel fundamental não apenas para a composição material de seu espaço, mas igualmente para conferir-lhe o status de importante cidade dentro do mosaico urbano que compunha o Império brasileiro. Tomando por base o histórico de ações concretas da irmandade, como a construção do Hospital, as iniciativas para a caridade e filantropia e a promoção das festas litúrgicas, este artigo analisa o vínculo indissociável entre o associativismo católico e o estilo de vida urbano dos setecentos e oitocentos. Palavras-chave: Irmandades Religiosas. Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Cultura Urbana.AbstractThis paper intends to collaborate with other works dedicated to the study of brazilian religious brotherhoods, in their regional aspect. The line of thought  adopted takes the city, the urban experience and the religious associations above mentioned as closely related and interdependent social instances. During the XIX century, the brotherhood in charge of the Holy House of Mercy in the city of Porto Alegre played a fundamental role, not just in the material composition of the urban space, but also in giving it the status of an important city within the urban mosaic comprised by the Brazilian Empire. Based on the (historic of) concrete actions of this brotherhood, as were the construction of the Hospital, the creation of a social representation for the notion of charity, and the promotion of liturgic feasts, this article analyses the unbreakable bond between catholic associativism and the urban lifestyle of the XVIII and XIX centuries.Keywords: Religious Brotherhoods. Holy House of Mercy. Urban Culture. 

Basic models of human-centrist, polyspiral, sustainable development of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Valery Borzunov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
External Control ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of

Subject of study. A set of relations that are formed in the process of determining models of sustainable development of Ukraine and the principles of designing the economy of the future. Purpose of the article: research of the main directions of sustainable development of Ukraine and the formation of principles of strategy. Research methodology. Scientific novelty of the work, the theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the system of both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory and practice. The proposed methodology of a system-integrated approach to the formation of basic models of man-centered, multispiral, sustainable development of Ukraine. As integrity in the organic unity of the prevailing prerequisites for the formation of the principles of strategizing. Scientific novelty lies in the definition of models for sustainable development of Ukraine and the principles of designing the economy of the future. Results of the work – the applied use of scientific results of improved approaches for the development and implementation of a strategy for human- centered, polyspiral, sustainable development is proposed. Conclusions. For 30 years of independence, Ukraine has turned from an industrially developed country into a backward and poorest country in Europe with an economy of lagging growth, the status of a «buffer zone» of geopolitical conflict on its territory and external control. To maintain sovereignty, ensure the country's competitiveness in the context of the transition to new technological paradigms and the quality of life of the population, at least at the average level for the EU countries, Ukraine needs to change course, develop and implement the «Strategy of human-centrist, multi-spiral, sustainable development».

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