scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Urban Mobile Agents for Analyzing Mixed Flows in Urban Pedestrian Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kaneda ◽  
Masahiro Shohmitsu ◽  
Wataru Sasabe ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Selection Probability ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Mixed Flows ◽  
Disaster Scenario ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pedestrian Space

Since the 1990s, complex systems research has been developing agent simulations to explain the phenomena observed in urban spaces. In recent years, agent-based modelling has often been employed to successfully simulate pedestrian behaviour. In such studies, explanations using pedestrian counter flow phases have appeared sporadically. Most state-of-the-art models, however, do not generally consider mobile agents other than pedestrians or counter flows in at least two directions. In this paper, we consider agents such as pedestrians, vehicles, wheelchairs, bicycles and so on in urban pedestrian space (UPS), which we call urban mobile agents (UMAs). The aim of this research is to develop a simulation platform to support urban simulation research. The models of rule-based UMAs that we have been developing are used to analyze the micro-meso behaviours of the mixed flows in UPS. The content of this class of agent includes the pedestrian agent as per the simplified agent simulation of pedestrian flow (sASPF) rules as well as the vehicle agent and bicycle agent in the UPS, including a wheelchair agent in the coming research. Using these models, we explore the following approaches: (a) theoretical analyses of phase transitions such as laminar flow formation or blockade of pedestrian counter flows, with clarification of the relationship between the degree of pedestrian global density and the bias of the diagonal stepping probability, which is the right or left selection probability of avoidance behaviour; (b) the implementation of obstacle avoidance rules in the sASPF pedestrian agent model, and their comparison with published evacuation experiment results, so as to evaluate the performance of the obstacle avoidance function; (c) the development of a vehicle agent model to simulate pedestrian-vehicle mixed flow at a crossroads assuming a disaster scenario; (d) the development of a bicycle agent model by extending sASPF rules; and (e) consideration of a conceptual framework for interaction fields representing heterogeneous agent mixed flows, including vehicle, bicycle, pedestrian and wheelchair agents.

scholarly journals MARKET STATISTICS OF A PSYCHOLOGY-BASED HETEROGENEOUS AGENT MODEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 717-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARBIR LAMBA ◽  
TIM SEAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Information Stream ◽  
Momentum Trading ◽  
Real Market ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Parameter Values

We continue an investigation into a class of agent-based market models that are motivated by a psychologically-plausible form of bounded rationality. Some of the agents in an otherwise efficient hypothetical market are endowed with differing tolerances to the tension caused by being in the minority. This herding tendency may be due to purely psychological effects, momentum-trading strategies, or the rational response to perverse marketplace incentives. The resulting model has the important properties of being both very simple and insensitive to its small number of fundamental parameters. While it is most certainly a caricature market, with only boundedly rational traders and the globally available information stream being modeled directly, other market participants and effects are indirectly replicated. We show that all of the most important "stylized facts" of real market statistics are reproduced by this model. Another useful aspect of the model is that, for certain parameter values, it reduces to a standard efficient-market system. This allows us to isolate and observe the effects of particular kinds of non-rationality. To this end, we consider the effects of different asymmetries in agent behavior and show that one in particular leads to skew statistics consistent with those seen in some real financial markets.

scholarly journals Rethinking collaboration: developing a learning platform to address under-five mortality in Mpumalanga province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 418-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia D’Ambruoso ◽  
Maria van der Merwe ◽  
Oghenebrume Wariri ◽  
Peter Byass ◽  
Gerhard Goosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
The Right

Abstract Following 50 years of apartheid, South Africa introduced visionary health policy committing to the right to health as part of a primary health care (PHC) approach. Implementation is seriously challenged, however, in an often-dysfunctional health system with scarce resources and a complex burden of avoidable mortality persists. Our aim was to develop a process generating evidence of practical relevance on implementation processes among people excluded from access to health systems. Informed by health policy and systems research, we developed a collaborative learning platform in which we worked as co-researchers with health authorities in a rural province. This article reports on the process and insights brought by health systems stakeholders. Evidence gaps on under-five mortality were identified with a provincial Directorate after which we collected quantitative and qualitative data. We applied verbal autopsy to quantify levels, causes and circumstances of deaths and participatory action research to gain community perspectives on the problem and priorities for action. We then re-convened health systems stakeholders to analyse and interpret these data through which several systems issues were identified as contributory to under-five deaths: staff availability and performance; service organization and infrastructure; multiple parallel initiatives; and capacity to address social determinants. Recommendations were developed ranging from immediate low- and no-cost re-organization of services to those where responses from higher levels of the system or outside were required. The process was viewed as acceptable and relevant for an overburdened system operating ‘in the dark’ in the absence of local data. Institutional infrastructure for evidence-based decision-making does not exist in many health systems. We developed a process connecting research evidence on rural health priorities with the means for action and enabled new partnerships between communities, authorities and researchers. Further development is planned to understand potential in deliberative processes for rural PHC.

Distributional Impacts of State and Local Tax Policy in a Heterogeneous-agent Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-1001
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Barro
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Sales Taxation ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Tax Deduction

This article presents a dynamic heterogeneous-agent life-cycle model with housing demand to evaluate the economic implications of reforming US state and local personal tax structures. Because of the extensive reliance of state and local governments on income, sales, and property tax revenue, those three taxes are explicitly modeled to generate a baseline and varied to evaluate alternative policy proposals. The results of the model show that the sales tax burden falls evenly across the distribution of income earners, while the property tax burden falls more heavily on the highest income earners. By design, the model’s income tax is progressive, so the tax burden shares rise with income. Results also show that the property tax generally improves utilitarian social welfare relative to income and sales taxation, but the magnitude of these gains depends on the availability of a state and local tax deduction on federal income taxes.

Component Agent Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Paulo Marques
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Network Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mobile Agent ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Agent Platform ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Mobile Agent Systems ◽  
The Future

One central problem preventing widespread adoption of mobile agents as a code structuring primitive is that current mainstream middleware implementations do not convey it simply as such. In fact, they force all the development to be centered on mobile agents, which has serious consequences in terms of software structuring and, in fact, technology adoption. This chapter discusses the main limitations of the traditional platform-based approach, proposing an alternative: component-based mobile agent systems. Two case studies are discussed: the JAMES platform, a traditional mobile agent platform specially tailored for network management, and M&M, a component-based system for agent-enabling applications. Finally, a bird’s eye perspective on the last 15 years of mobile agent systems research is presented along with an outlook on the future of the technology. The authors hope that this chapter brings some enlightenment on the pearls and pitfalls surrounding this interesting technology and ways for avoiding them in the future.

Component Agent Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 3300-3319
Author(s):  
Paulo Marques ◽  
Luís Silva
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Network Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mobile Agent ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Agent Platform ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Mobile Agent Systems ◽  
The Future

One central problem preventing widespread adoption of mobile agents as a code structuring primitive is that current mainstream middleware implementations do not convey it simply as such. In fact, they force all the development to be centered on mobile agents, which has serious consequences in terms of software structuring and, in fact, technology adoption. This chapter discusses the main limitations of the traditional platform-based approach, proposing an alternative: component-based mobile agent systems. Two case studies are discussed: the JAMES platform, a traditional mobile agent platform specially tailored for network management, and M&M, a component-based system for agent-enabling applications. Finally, a bird’s eye perspective on the last 15 years of mobile agent systems research is presented along with an outlook on the future of the technology. The authors hope that this chapter brings some enlightenment on the pearls and pitfalls surrounding this interesting technology and ways for avoiding them in the future.

scholarly journals Risk premiums and macroeconomic dynamics in a heterogeneous agent model

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1680-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferre De Graeve ◽  
Maarten Dossche ◽  
Marina Emiris ◽  
Henri Sneessens ◽  
Raf Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent Model

scholarly journals GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM FEEDBACK REGARDING THE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF LABOR TAXES

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2012-2032
Author(s):  
Minchul Yum
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Real Interest Rate ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent Model ◽  
Labor Tax ◽  
Labor Taxes ◽  
Tax Changes

A higher labor tax rate increases the equilibrium real interest rate and reduces the equilibrium wage in a heterogeneous-agent model with endogenous savings and indivisible labor supply decisions. I show that these general equilibrium (GE) adjustments, in particular of the real interest rate, reinforce the negative employment impact of higher labor taxes. However, the representative-agent version of the model, which generates similar aggregate employment responses to labor tax changes, implies that GE feedback is neutral. The cross-country panel data reveal that the negative association between labor tax rates and the extensive margin labor supply is significantly and robustly weaker in small open economies where the interest rate is less tightly linked to domestic circumstances. This empirical evidence supports the transmission mechanism of labor tax changes for employment in the heterogeneous-agent model.

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