Looking for the right thing at the right place: Phase transition in an agent model with heterogeneous spatial resources

Complexity ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Boyer ◽  
Hern�n Larralde
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spatial Resources

INTERACTIONS OF PEDESTRIANS INTERLACED IN T-SHAPED STRUCTURE USING A MODIFIED MULTI-FIELD CELLULAR AUTOMATON

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350024 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHIJIAN FU ◽  
LIZHONG YANG ◽  
PING RAO ◽  
TAOLIN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Transition Diagram ◽  
Open Boundaries ◽  
The Right

Little work has been done before in the study of separating pedestrian flow interlaced. Under open boundaries, the interaction of separating pedestrian flow interlaced in a T-shaped structure was simulated, using a modified multi-field cellular automaton updating synchronously. The free-jammed phase transition diagram of pedestrian flow and principles of the pedestrian interference were obtained. The movement of pedestrians is free flow in the low entrance density. While it is a complete jammed flow with the entrance density increasing to a certain level and little difference existing between the left moving probability and the right moving probability. Thus, the dominant factor influencing pedestrian flow is the interference of opposite pedestrian flows due to changing movement directions. And it is changing to an incomplete jammed flow with this difference increasing. Thus, the dominant factor is changing to the interference of the coincident pedestrian flow and the limitation of the bottleneck.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Urban Mobile Agents for Analyzing Mixed Flows in Urban Pedestrian Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kaneda ◽  
Masahiro Shohmitsu ◽  
Wataru Sasabe ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Selection Probability ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Mixed Flows ◽  
Disaster Scenario ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pedestrian Space

Since the 1990s, complex systems research has been developing agent simulations to explain the phenomena observed in urban spaces. In recent years, agent-based modelling has often been employed to successfully simulate pedestrian behaviour. In such studies, explanations using pedestrian counter flow phases have appeared sporadically. Most state-of-the-art models, however, do not generally consider mobile agents other than pedestrians or counter flows in at least two directions. In this paper, we consider agents such as pedestrians, vehicles, wheelchairs, bicycles and so on in urban pedestrian space (UPS), which we call urban mobile agents (UMAs). The aim of this research is to develop a simulation platform to support urban simulation research. The models of rule-based UMAs that we have been developing are used to analyze the micro-meso behaviours of the mixed flows in UPS. The content of this class of agent includes the pedestrian agent as per the simplified agent simulation of pedestrian flow (sASPF) rules as well as the vehicle agent and bicycle agent in the UPS, including a wheelchair agent in the coming research. Using these models, we explore the following approaches: (a) theoretical analyses of phase transitions such as laminar flow formation or blockade of pedestrian counter flows, with clarification of the relationship between the degree of pedestrian global density and the bias of the diagonal stepping probability, which is the right or left selection probability of avoidance behaviour; (b) the implementation of obstacle avoidance rules in the sASPF pedestrian agent model, and their comparison with published evacuation experiment results, so as to evaluate the performance of the obstacle avoidance function; (c) the development of a vehicle agent model to simulate pedestrian-vehicle mixed flow at a crossroads assuming a disaster scenario; (d) the development of a bicycle agent model by extending sASPF rules; and (e) consideration of a conceptual framework for interaction fields representing heterogeneous agent mixed flows, including vehicle, bicycle, pedestrian and wheelchair agents.

Optimal Contracting with Subjective Evaluation

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bentley Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency Wages ◽  
Optimal Contract ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Optimal Contracting ◽  
Bonus Pay ◽  
True Discrimination ◽  
Principal Agent Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

This paper extends the standard principal–agent model to allow for subjective evaluation. The optimal contract results in more compressed pay relative to the case with verifiable performance measures. Moreover, discrimination against an individual implies lower pay and performance, suggesting that the extent of discrimination as measured after controlling for performance may underestimate the level of true discrimination. Finally, the optimal contract entails the use of bonus pay rather than the threat of dismissal, hence neither “efficiency wages” nor the right to dismiss an employee are necessary ingredients for an optimal incentive contract.

AN ADAPTIVE EBCA MODEL PROBING THE PROBLEM OF RIDING AGAINST THE TRAFFIC FLOW

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAO WANG ◽  
JUN-FENG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Deterministic Case ◽  
Average Flow Rate ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
Stochastic Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
Good Agreement

Despite the rule that cyclists must ride on the right half of the road is written into the state vehicle code, the phenomenon of riding against the bicycle flow is still serious. To investigate the effect of bicycles going in the wrong direction, a Bi-Directional Adaptive EBCA model is developed in this paper. The phase transition F-J as well as the phase transition F-S-F are suggested by observing the spatial-temporal pattern. The deterministic case that the linear relationship between the average flow rate and the bicycle number disappears when the average density exceeds a particular value is shown. Under the stochastic case, the impacts of the avoiding probability Ps and the returning probability Pr on the traffic system are analyzed. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with the realistic bicycle flow.

Simulations of ENSO Phase-locking in CMIP5 and CMIP6

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Han-Ching Chen ◽  
Fei-Fei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe characteristics of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase-locking in observations and CMIP5 and CMIP6 models are examined in this study. Two metrics based on the peaking month histogram for all El Niño and La Niña events are adopted to delineate the basic features of ENSO phase-locking in terms of the preferred calendar month and strength of this preference. It turns out that most models are poor at simulating the ENSO phase-locking, either showing little peak strengths or peaking at the wrong seasons. By deriving ENSO’s linear dynamics based on the conceptual recharge oscillator (RO) framework through the seasonal linear inverse model (sLIM) approach, various simulated phase-locking behaviors of CMIP models are systematically investigated in comparison with observations. In observations, phase-locking is mainly attributed to the seasonal modulation of ENSO’s SST growth rate. In contrast, in a significant portion of CMIP models, phase-locking is co-determined by the seasonal modulations of both SST growth and phase-transition rates. Further study of the joint effects of SST growth and phase-transition rates suggests that for simulating realistic winter peak ENSO phase-locking with the right dynamics, climate models need to have four key factors in the right combination: (1) correct phase of SST growth rate modulation peaking at the fall; (2) large enough amplitude for the annual cycle in growth rate; (3) amplitude of semi-annual cycle in growth rate needs to be small; and (4) amplitude of seasonal modulation in SST phase-transition rate needs to be small.

The More Closely We Are Watched, the Better We Behave?

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Prat
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Principal Agent Model ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Right

This chapter provides a brief survey of the economic literature on transparency. The conceptual tool used by economists is the principal-agent model, a game-theoretic setting in which transparency corresponds to the ability of the principal to observe what the agent does. Holmström (1979) provides a powerful and general rationale for full transparency. One can argue that the increase in accountability is not sufficient to offset other drawbacks such as the violation of privacy, the direct cost of disclosure, or the revelation of sensitive information. Alternatively, one can attack the link between transparency and accountability: it is not necessarily true that more disclosure makes the agent behave better. Holmström showed that, in a world of complete contracts, the more the principal knows about the agent, the better the agent behaves. Some objections to Holmström – the right to privacy, the direct cost of disclosure, the risk that hostile parties learn sensitive information – are perfectly valid, but they find limited application in politics, corporate governance, and other important areas.

scholarly journals Prospects of gravitational waves in the minimal left-right symmetric model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqiu Li ◽  
Qi-Shu Yan ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Zhijie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Masses ◽  
Symmetric Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract The left-right symmetric model (LRSM) is a well-motivated framework to restore parity and implement seesaw mechanisms for the tiny neutrino masses at or above the TeV-scale, and has a very rich phenomenology at both the high-energy and high-precision frontiers. In this paper we examine the phase transition and resultant gravitational waves (GWs) in the minimal version of LRSM. Taking into account all the theoretical and experimental constraints on LRSM, we identify the parameter regions with strong first-order phase transition and detectable GWs in the future experiments. It turns out in a sizeable region of the parameter space, GWs can be generated in the phase transition with the strength of 10−17 to 10−12 at the frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz, which can be detected by BBO and DECIGO. Furthermore, GWs in the LRSM favor a relatively light SU(2)R-breaking scalar $$ {H}_3^0 $$ H 3 0 , which is largely complementary to the direct searches of a long-lived neutral scalar at the high-energy colliders. It is found that the other heavy scalars and the right-handed neutrinos in the LRSM also play an important part for GW signal production in the phase transition.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

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