Tax competition and tax base equalization in the presence of multiple tax instruments

The literature on tax competition has argued that tax base equalization, which reduces regional disparities in tax bases, can serve as a means of internalizing horizontal and vertical fiscal externalities. This argument assumes that each government relies on a single tax base (a regional tax on mobile capital and a federal tax on savings). This paper considers the case in which a distortionary labor tax is also available. Internalizing fiscal externalities requires that while the regional capital tax base is fully equalized, a region’s equalization entitlement for the labor tax is positive when its tax base is “larger” than the average tax base of all regions. This efficient tax base equalization system is incompatible with the primary objective of fiscal equalization.

Financial Amplification of Labor Supply Shocks

We study how financial frictions amplify labor supply shocks in a macroeconomic model with occasionally binding financing constraints. Workers supply labor to entrepreneurs who borrow to purchase factors of production. Borrowing capacity is restricted by the value of capital, generating a pecuniary externality when financing constraints bind. Additionally, there is a distributive externality operating through wages. The planner’s allocation can be decentralized with two instruments: a credit tax/subsidy and a labor tax/subsidy. Labor shocks, such as the COVID-19 shock, amplify the policy responses, which critically depend on whether financing constraints bind or not.

Determinants of tax burden and their impact on labor productivity

Were investigated the issues of the labor tax burden structure in Russia, including the foreign point of view. There are several methods for calculating the tax burden indicator, the value of which varies depending on the selected base indicator. Tax preferences, being one of the tools to increase labor productivity, mean reducing the tax burden on labor. The paper is devoted to the calculation of tax burdens and the defi nition of robust relationship with the production workforce. A correlation analysis was carried out, based on the identifi cation of a weak connection between the general tax burden and the production workforce. But at the same time, a stable relationship has been established between the tax burden and insurance contributions to extrabudgetary funds and labor productivity in agriculture.

LABOR TAX REDUCTIONS IN EUROPE: THE ROLE OF PROPERTY TAXATION

We use a New Keynesian DSGE model with search frictions on the housing market to evaluate how financing a labor tax reduction by higher property taxation affects the real economy and welfare. Search on the housing market enables us to explicitly model stocks and flows, which is necessary to differentiate between recurrent property taxes (levied on stocks) and property transaction taxes (levied to flows). We find that using recurrent property taxation as financing instrument outperforms other instruments although all policy measures increase aggregate economy-wide welfare. Our simulations suggest that using property transaction taxation as financing instrument is the least favorable measure.

Essence and Content of Legal Settlement and Tax Amnesty

The article is focused on defining the essence and content of legal settlement and tax amnesty. The main features and areas of applying legal settlement in various fields of law have been studied. The legal principles of reaching a legal settlement in civil, labor, tax and criminal procedural law have been studied. The author has suggested own definition of a legal settlement. The content of a legal settlement has been defined as the achievement of mutual concessions of the parties within the legal norms. The main features, procedure and grounds for tax amnesty have been determined. The author has provided specific measures that can be taken under the tax amnesty. The procedure for legalization of funds and release of the perpetrator of violations of tax legislation from legal liability under the tax amnesty has been highlighted. The author has presented conclusions of researchers who studied the practice of tax amnesty in different countries. The author has suggested own definition of tax amnesty.