scholarly journals Pluralismo Jurídico Clássico: A Contribuição de Ehrlich, Santi Romano e Gurvitch / Classic Legal Pluralism: The Contribution of Ehrlich, Gurvitch, and Santi Romano

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Souza Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Social Law ◽  
Theoretical Construction ◽  
Theory Of Law

Resumo: Este artigo, a partir de reflexões da Teoria do Direito, tem por objetivo o estudo do Pluralismo Jurídico Clássico. A pesquisa restou delimitada pela construção teórica de Eugen Ehrlich, Santi Romano e Georges Gurvitch. Na primeira seção do texto, trata-se da concepção de direito vivo de Ehrlich, fulcrado na negação do Estado como única fonte do direito. Na seção seguinte, tendo por base Romano, analisa-se o seu conceito de instituição e da teoria da pluralidade dos ordenamentos jurídicos. Por fim, na última seção, discorre-se sobre o pluralismo jurídico de Gurvitch, com destaque para a teoria dos fatos normativos; a construção de direito social; e o direito social condensado.Palavras-chave: Pluralismo jurídico; Direito vivo; Teoria da pluralidade dos ordenamentos jurídicos; Direito social condensado.Abstract: This article, based on reflections of the Theory of Law, aims to study the Legal Pluralism Classic. The research remains bounded in the theoretical construction of Eugen Ehrlich, Santi Romano and Georges Gurvitch. In the first section of the text, it is the conception of living law Ehrlich, fulcrado in denial of the State as the sole source of law . In the following section, with the Roman basis, we analyze the concept of institution and the theory of plurality of legal systems. Finally, the last section, it talks about the legal pluralism of Gurvitch , especially the theory of normative facts , the construction of social law , social law and condensate.Keywords: Legal Pluralism; living law; Theory of the plurality of legal systems; condensed social law.

scholarly journals Marginalisasi Hukum Adat pada Masyarakat Adat The marginalization of adat law on adat communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Suartina
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
Formal Rules ◽  
Adat Law

Tulisan ini berupaya melihat marjinalisasi adat, hukum adat serta implikasinya pada masyarakat adat. Dalam konteks Indonesia, meskipun Konstitusi dan beberapa aturan formal mengakui masyarakat adat, termasuk pranata adat, namun pada praktiknya telah terjadi upaya peminggiran jangka panjang. Ketidakkonsistenan kebijakan negara terhadap penerapan hukum adat memberikan peran dalam marjinalisasi komunitas adat pada berbagai tingkat. Melalui penelitian lapangan di tiga komunitas adat, Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Kasepuhan Karang dan Kasepuhan Guradog di bagian Barat Jawa serta perspektif pluralism hukum, tulisan ini menjelaskan kurangnya pengakuan pada hukum adat memberikan pengaruh tertentu pada masyarakat adat, termasuk dalam pengaturan kemasyarakatan dan penghidupan. Studi ini pun membuktikan bahwa meskipun hukum adat secara praktis tidak diadopsi oleh negara, dalam beberapa kasus, masyarakat adat menemukan strategi untuk mempertahankan keyakinan dan praktik hukum adat di komunitasnya. Untuk itu, dalam konteks lebih luas, hal yang ingin disampaikan adalah, upaya marjinalisasi tidak mampu menghapuskan praktik adat dan hukum adat secara keseluruhan. Ketiga kasus memperlihatkan hingga saat ini praktik multi sistem hukum di masyarakat plural seperti Indonesia masih diterapkan, baik dalam situasi konflik maupun berdampingan. Selain itu, dalam mendiskusikan implementasi hukum di Indonesia dari perspektif masyarakat, pembedaan sistem formal dan informal di masyarakat tetap diperlukan dan unifikasi hukum hanya berfungsi dalam batas tertentu.This paper attempts to see adat and adat law marginalizations, and the implications on adat peoples. In Indonesia, despite the recognition for adat peoples in the Constitution and formal rules, including adat institutions, in practice there has been a long-term marginalization. The inconsistent State’s policies towards the adat law application play a role in the marginalization of adat communities at various levels. Having field research in Ciptagelar, Karang and Guradog kasepuhan communities in western Java and legal pluralism perspective, this paper elucidates the lack of adat law recognition giving certain impacts on adat peoples, including on their social lives and livelihood. This study also proves that although adat law is not practically adopted by the State, in some cases, adat peoples find strategies to maintain their beliefs and adat law. Thus, in a broader context, the marginalization is unable to eliminate adat and adat law as a whole. To date the practice of multi-legal systems in a plural society, such as Indonesia, still takes place, both in conflict and coexistence. Moreover, in discussing Indonesia’s implementation of law from a community perspective, the distinction between formal and informal systems is still needed and legal unification only functions within certain limits

scholarly journals Legal Pluralism in Settling Inheritance Disputes in Besemah, South Sumatera

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Sukarti
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Court ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Death Of Parent

Abstrak: Pluralisme Hukum dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris di Besemah, Sumatera Selatan. Persoalan warisan hadir dalam setiap tradisi, mulai dari tradisi-tradisi besar hingga tradisi-tradisi kecil karena sebagaimana pendapat Vinogradoff bahwa warisan diberikan setelah kematian orang tua agar anak-anaknya mampu menjalani hidupnya setelah orang tua mereka meninggal. Karena itu, hukum Islam sebagai tradisi besar dan hukum adat Besemah sebagai tradisi kecil menetapkan aturan tentang warisan. Kedua sistem hukum ini dipraktikkan di Sumatera Selatan, khususnya di kelompok etnik Besemah. Tradisi warisan Besemah dipraktikkan secara luas di masyarakat Besemah. Namun, ketika ada perselisihan tentang warisan yang diajukan ke pengadilan, terdapat dua pengadilan yang berwenang untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan tersebut. Pengadilan Negeri mengadili unsur adat dari warisan (budel) dan kemungkinan unsur pidana dalam perselisihan waris tersebut. Namun ketika perselisihan diajukan ke Pengadilan Agama, hakim akan mengacu pada hukum Islam. Dengan begitu, negara mengakui pluralisme hukum waris.Kata Kunci: budel, jurai, warisan, Pengadilan Agama, Pengadilan NegeriAbstract: Legal Pluralism in Settling Inheritance Disputes in Besemah, South Sumatera. Inheritance issue is present in almost every tradition, ranging from great traditions to little ones because as Vinogradoff view that inheritance is given after the death of parent(s) in order that his/her children are able to lead his/her life after the his/her parents passed away. Therefore, Islamic law as great tradition, and Besemah’s customary law as little tradition lay rules on inheritance. The two legal systems are practiced in South Sumatera, especially in Besemah ethnic group. Besemah’s inheritance tradition is practiced widely in the society of Besemah, but when there is a dispute on inheritance adjudicated to court, there are two courts authorized to settle the dispute. State court tries the traditional element of inheritance (budel) and the assumed criminal element in the dispute. But when the dispute is booked to religious court, judges would refer to Islamic law. Here the state acknowledges pluralism of law of inheritance.Keywords: budel, jurai, inheritance, religious court, state court

scholarly journals Georges Gurvitch and Sergey Hessen on the Possibility of Forming Social Unity

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-96
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Zagirnyak
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
General Will ◽  
Social Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The early decades of the last century saw European philosophical thought becoming increasingly interested in the sociological extension of the idea of law. From the viewpoint of the sociology of law, law is formed in the process of social interactions and is not sanctioned by the state. Sergey Hessen and Georges Gurvitch base their conceptions of social law on the sociology of law in the 1920s and 1930s. They start a polemic in the pages of the journal Sovremenniye zapiski (Contemporary Notes). Although they differ radically in their definitions of the status of the state they concur in defining society as a set of social institutions and communities existing as instruments for expressing personal freedom. The social regulations they propose are already legal situations. Hessen and Gurvitch believe that the individual can fully exercise his/her freedom only in conditions of such legal pluralism. However, the concept of legal pluralism involves an inherent problem of preserving social unity: why is it that society does not fall into a range of autonomous social entities, each offering the individual its own legal order for actualising freedom? To solve this problem the philosophers use the concept of “the general will”. General will is an instrument of correlation between individual freedom and the development of society and culture as a whole. The object of philosophical dispute is how the general will is formed: 1) in the process of social self-organisation according to Gurvitch; 2) in the operation of the suprafunctional organisation (the state) according to Hessen. The difference in the grounding of the general will leads to a difference in the concepts of social unity: 1) sobornost according to Gurvitch and 2) solidarity according to Hessen. Analysis of the dispute between Gurvitch and Hessen brings out not only the differences in the interpretation of social unity but also the fundamental problems with the conceptions of social law.

scholarly journals SINERGITAS PRINSIP BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA DENGAN PRINSIP PLURALISME HUKUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Benyamin Tungga
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Surrounding Environment

In fact, bineka tunggal ika is a form of pluralism in one culture, ethnicity, religion, and others in one place, namely the state with Pancasila principles and the 1945 Constitution. Whereas the principle of legal pluralism is a situation where one or more legal systems apply at a time and place the same one. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the synergy of the single eka bineka principle with the principle of legal pluralism. The single unity principle that is manifested in the life of nation and state, one form of its implementation is explained in the Indonesian archipelago, a way of looking at the Indonesian people about themselves and their surrounding environment based on national ideas based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Using the basis of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution as part of legal sources. Thus it can be concluded that there is a synergy between the single bineka ika principle and the principle of legal pluralism in the basic model of the Indonesian unitary republic which lies in the source of all sources of law, namely Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

Religious Pluralism and State- Centric Legal Spaces in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Topidi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
European Court ◽  
Starting Point

Multiculturalism is continuously and relentlessly put to the test in the so- called West. The question as to whether religious or custom- based legal orders can or should be tolerated by liberal and democratic states is, however, by no means a new challenge. The present article uses as its starting point the case of religious legal pluralism in Greece, as exposed in recent European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case- law, in an attempt to explore the gaps and implications in the officially limited use of sharia in Western legal systems. More specifically, the discussion is linked to the findings of the ECtHR on the occasion of the recent Molla Sali v. Greece case to highlight and question how sharia has been evolving in the European legal landscape.

scholarly journals HAK MENGUASAI NEGARA, PERSPEKTIF INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA HUKUM

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Imam Koeswahyono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Significant Effort

Abstrak The right of management of the state since early Dutch colony until thisrecent transition era has became terminology that been debated. Thatcontroversy persists by the strength of the state intervention through the vitalnatural resources for agrarian nations beside biased articulation indiscourse but also on state right in praxis terms. Those situations haveprolonged even had begun any transformation in politic's paradigm of priorNew Order (Orde baru) to the recent transition era and had not impacted tothe reconceptualization through that state right and praxis. Under the authortought it needs significant effort which is based under legal pluralism,decentralization by the participative of legislative drafting method alsosustainability and public anccountability principles. Without considering tothose factors the author remark it would arise mis-perceptive through theright managament of the state, latent/massive conflict over regions thatcontra productive to development progr.ess and such natural disasters

A Pluralism of Legal Pluralisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Melissaris ◽  
Mariano Croce
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Moments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Varied History

Legal pluralism, as a way of thinking about law, is the seemingly straightforward idea that there is a range of normative orders, which are independent from the state and can be properly described as legal without committing any conceptual mistake. Without giving a full survey of the long and varied history of legal pluralism theory, this article will discuss some central moments in that history. It will focus specifically on the question whether it is possible and useful to capture law as conceptually separate from other normative phenomena so as to speak of specifically legal pluralism or whether it is best to take a panlegalist approach and not draw any clear distinctions between law and other instances of social normativity.

scholarly journals “Every Scientifically Educated Lawyer Should be a Cultural Fighter for the Ideals of Law in Life!“ — Nikolay I. Palienko’s Legal and Political Views

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
A. S. Tumanova ◽  
A. A. Safonov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Integrative Concept ◽  
Legal Understanding

. The paper analyzes the legal views of Nikolay I. Palienko, a prominent philosopher of law and a state historian of the beginning of the last century. The authors pay significant attention to the integrative concept of legal understanding that is followed by Prof. Nikolay Palienko. They also substantiate originality and significance of the concept in the light of modernization of the political and legal order in late imperial Russia. It seems that under certain conditions it could serve as a bridge between positivist jurisprudence and the doctrine of “reborn natural law” developed in pre-revolutionary Russia. It was intended to smooth out the contradictions in both doctrines and contribute to the development of a new methodology for law understanding in the context of transformation of the Russian legal system towards establishing institutions of constitutional order.On the basis of published sources, the authors show the evolution of the scholar’s views from the positivist theory of law to idealism that is not properly estimated in the legal literature and is quite typical for the legal scholars of the interrevolutionary period.The authors conclude that Prof. Nikolay I. Palienko scholarship and knowledge allowed him to substantiate his own concept of legal understanding that can be considered integrative on the basis of achievements of the positivist theory of law, philosophy of natural law, psychological and sociological concepts of legal understanding. Prof. Palienko proclaimed the normative nature of law and at the same time expressed ideas of the supremacy of law over the state and the coherence of the state provided by law. An essential element of his legal concept was the legal consciousness of the society, acknowledgement of its role in the course of law education, as well as its establishment as a source of law. Palienko’s idea of legal coherence of the state represents a synthesis of positivism with idealism and leads to a new stage of development of legal methodology and ideology, namely: integrative jurisprudence. Scholar’s political and legal ideas contributed to the development of ideas about the rule of law, which were very popular in Russia during the period of development of representative institutions and constitutionalism.

Theory of law. Legal ethnography, or the theoretical fruits of inquiries into folkways

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Csaba Varga
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Controlling Factor ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
Aboriginal Law ◽  
Theory Of Law

Encounters - Disciplines -The lawyerly interest - Law and/or laws - Conclusion. Rechtliche Volkskunde is distinguished from legal anthropology, and the latter from both legal ethnology and legal pluralism, as well as from research on aboriginal law, claiming the first three to be law-related parts of non-legal disciplines, in contrast to Ethnologischer Jurisprudenz and anthropology of law, taken as directions within the field of jurisprudence. For the time being, none of the first has erected its own theories, nor has socio-ethnography interfered with legal theorising. Since Ehrlich and Weber realised that laws may prevail independently of the states' "Westphalian duo", a number of attempts at both extending and narrowing the law's usual remit has been tested. Considering the pendulum movement between monism and pluralism in a historical perspective, renaming what is at stake by altering the terminology is not and should not be a primary issue. As formulated by the author a quarter of a century ago, "Law is (1) a global phenomenon embracing society as a whole, (2) able to settle conflicts of inter- ests that emerge in social practice as fundamental, while (3) prevailing as the supreme controlling factor in society".

Law and psychoanalysis: close intertwining between Hans Kelsen and Sigmund Freud

KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-35
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borrmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The State ◽  
Pure Theory ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Personal Context ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
New Hypothesis

This paper offers an original analysis of the interconnections between law and psychoanalysis through the personal and academic exchanges between Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). After a brief analysis of the similar cultural background of both scholars as Jews who grew up in fin-de-siècle Vienna, the text focuses on the personal encounters between them and subsequently analyzes Kelsen's reception of Freud's work in “The State-Concept and Social-Psychology” (Der Begriff des Staates und die Sozialpsychologie). Kelsen’s text was originally published in 1922 in Freud’s review, Imago, resulting from a conference he held at the Viennese Psychoanalytical Society. This paper analyzes the relevance of Freud’s theory to the construction of the Pure Theory of Law, especially regarding his concept of the state. Furthermore, it presents a new hypothesis for the subjective reasons behind Kelsen’s attraction to psychoanalysis, and for his admiration of Freud, which it tries to understand through the personal context of Kelsen’s life. Finally, it deals with the possible influence of Kelsen on Freud's work, especially with regards to the term "Super-Ego."

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document