scholarly journals The psychosocial development of High-Status, Average Status and Low-Status Servicemen for a Fixed Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
V.A. Ilyin ◽  
D.V. Svirin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
High Status ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Status ◽  
Role Position ◽  
Fixed Period

The article presents the results and their interpretation analysis of a research of interrelationship between status-role position of the individual in the informal intergruppo structure of closed communities and the peculiarities of his psychosocial development (as an example, army units, brought up by servicemen for a fixed period). The study was elaborated and implemented on the basis of the theory of psychosocial development. The empirical base of the study consists of high secret army units, i.e. real closed communities. In total 13 such kind of groups took part in the research. The integral status of group members in the structure of interpersonal relations was calculated in each of them, according to the results of sociometry, referencemetrical procedures and methodical technique of identifying the informal intergruppo structure of power in a contact community, being used the algorithm by Kondratiev M.Y. The peculiarities of psychosocial identity of the subjects were revealed simultaneously with using the technique of “differential of psychosocial development”. On the bases of the obtained data analysis it was shown that the level of psychosocial development of higher status members in closed communities is essentially lower than of average status and low-status ones. The detailed explanatory scheme of this phenomenology was presented, being used psychosocial development theory as the basic interpretive key.

scholarly journals Psychosocial development theory in studying theoretical and operant models of municipal and local upbringing systems in a metropolitan city

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Valerii A. Ilyin ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Mikhailova ◽  
Anatolii V. Mudrik ◽  
Svetlana B. Seryakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Introduction. Upbringing issues are traditionally related to the actual and difficult to study areas of psychological and pedagogical practice. Upbringing is a social phenomenon that reflects the characteristics of modern social ties and the specifics of social communication. The most difficult issue is the search for a psychological basis for modeling, planning and implementing an effective upbringing process that provides a personally and socially significant result. The purpose of this article was to study models of municipal and local education systems in a megalopolis based on the study of the relationship between the qualitative characteristics of psychosocial development of subjects of three groups of teachers and pupils with the presence or absence of differences in the understanding of the goals of education by the participants of these groups. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the carried out was the conceptual provisions of the epigenetic theory of E. Erickson, developed in the studies of V.A. Ilyin and the provisions of the theory of social education by A.V. Mudrik. The principal research techniques were “Psychosocial development differential” (V. А. Ilyin, D. V. Sipyagin) and scaling method. The participants of the research were divided into several groups: 120 teachers and supplementary education teachers from Moscow schools of different types and 1080 their students. Total amount of empirical study participants is 1200 persons. Research results. In the course of empirical research, the relationship between the ideas of educators and their pupils about the goal of the educational process with the quality of psychosocial development of the individual was revealed, which allows predicting the success of the educational system and can serve as the basis for creating development programs for all participants in the educational process. Conclusions. The results of the study performed suggest that the effectiveness of the educational process is based on the qualitative characteristics of the psychosocial development of participants in the educational process, considered in the aggregate of a separate group, for example, a school class. In groups where psychosocial development is not harmonious, with a predominance of the tendency for a lower-quality resolution of each crisis in a positive direction, there is also a large distance between the ideas about the goal of education among educators and pupils. The application of the theory of psychosocial development and the diagnostic tools developed in its concept allow us to investigate the key, system-forming element of the upbringing model - the quality of psychosocial development of the individual, which can serve as the basis for the development of potentially effective upbringing strategies, as well as the creation of development programs for all participants in the upbringing process.

Before I Die

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Chu ◽  
Daniel Grühn ◽  
Ashley M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Time Horizons

Abstract. We investigated the effects of time horizon and age on the socioemotional motives underlying individual’s bucket-list goals. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three time-horizon conditions to make a bucket list: (1) an open-ended time horizon (Study 1 & 2), (2) a 6-month horizon (i.e., “Imagine you have 6 months to live”; Study 1 & 2), and (3) a 1-week horizon (Study 2). Goal motives were coded based on socioemotional selectivity theory and psychosocial development theory. Results indicated that time horizon and age produced unique effects on bucket-list goal motives. Extending past findings on people’s motives considering the end of life, the findings suggest that different time horizons and life stages trigger different motives.

The Epistemology of Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Group Level ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Belief Justification ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Trump Administration

Groups are often said to bear responsibility for their actions, many of which have enormous moral, legal, and social significance. The Trump Administration, for instance, is said to be responsible for the U.S.’s inept and deceptive handling of COVID-19 and the harms that American citizens have suffered as a result. But are groups subject to normative assessment simply in virtue of their individual members being so, or are they somehow agents in their own right? Answering this question depends on understanding key concepts in the epistemology of groups, as we cannot hold the Trump Administration responsible without first determining what it believed, knew, and said. Deflationary theorists hold that group phenomena can be understood entirely in terms of individual members and their states. Inflationary theorists maintain that group phenomena are importantly over and above, or otherwise distinct from, individual members and their states. It is argued that neither approach is satisfactory. Groups are more than their members, but not because they have “minds of their own,” as the inflationists hold. Instead, this book shows how group phenomena—like belief, justification, and knowledge—depend on what the individual group members do or are capable of doing while being subject to group-level normative requirements. This framework, it is argued, allows for the correct distribution of responsibility across groups and their individual members.

System Justification or Social Dominance? A Multilevel Test of the Ideological Motivators of Perceived Discrimination

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110360
Author(s):  
Joaquín Bahamondes ◽  
Chris G. Sibley ◽  
Danny Osborne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Reverse Discrimination ◽  
High Status ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members

Although system-justifying beliefs often mitigate perceptions of discrimination, status-based asymmetries in the ideological motivators of perceived discrimination are unknown. Because the content and societal implications of discrimination claims are status-dependant, social dominance orientation (SDO) should motivate perceptions of (reverse) discrimination among members of high-status groups, whereas system justification should motivate the minimization of perceived discrimination among the disadvantaged. We tested these hypotheses using multilevel regressions among a nationwide random sample of New Zealand Europeans ( n = 29,169) and ethnic minorities ( n = 5,118). As hypothesized, group-based dominance correlated positively with perceived (reverse) discrimination among ethnic-majority group members, whereas system justification correlated negatively with perceived discrimination among the disadvantaged. Furthermore, the proportion of minorities within the region strengthened the victimizing effects of SDO-Dominance, but not SDO-Egalitarianism, among the advantaged. Together, these results reveal status-based asymmetries in the motives underlying perceptions of discrimination and identify a key contextual moderator of this association.

scholarly journals Decentralised sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) vine multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: Five years later

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-689
Author(s):  
Margaret A. McEwan ◽  
Conny J. M. Almekinders ◽  
Moses S. Matui ◽  
Dorothy Lusheshanija ◽  
Mariana Massawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lake Zone ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFarmer-based seed multiplication is widely promoted by development practitioners, but there is limited understanding of the individual or collective motivations of farmers to engage or disengage in specialised seed production. The objective of this study is to understand the factors influencing the continuity of sweetpotato vine multiplication enterprises in the Lake Zone of Tanzania, five years after support from a project ended. A total of 81 out of 88 trained group or individual decentralised vine multipliers (DVMs) were traced to assess their vine multiplication activities. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through telephone and field interviews. Our data showed that 40% of the 81 DVMs had sold vines in the year prior to the study and 20% had maintained the improved varieties for their own use. Some group members had continued vine sales as individuals. The DVMs’ reasons for abandoning vine multiplication included climatic and water access issues, market factors and group dynamics. The DVMs did not engage in high volumes of commercial sales. Socio-economic norms and values underpin the transactions of sweetpotato vines. These norms may undermine the emergence of commercially viable enterprises yet seem navigable for a substantial number of the DVMs. Group DVMs seem less commercially successful than individuals.

Making Meaning of Peace: A Study of Adolescents in Bogota, Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 074355842110069
Author(s):  
Gabriel Velez
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual

In post-conflict and transitional settings, adolescents are important civic and political actors as potential peacebuilders. Policy and programming often focus on promoting prosocial outcomes for these younger generations, but there has been growing attention to their perspectives and psychological development. Drawing on theory in developmental psychology, adolescents interpret and respond to context in forming ideas about key concepts like peace, understanding society and their place in it, and constructing their orientations toward peace. This study extends current literature by exploring how Colombian adolescents describe peace within the context of a peace process in their country. Ninety-six 15- to 18-year-olds in and around Bogotá, Colombia, were interviewed about peace. Their responses were analyzed inductively using an adapted thematic analysis. Findings indicated that the individual was central to how respondents talked about peace; that is, peace begins and depends on the internal states. From this basis, individuals then created peace through interpersonal relations. There were some differences by respondents’ SES, such as in how respondents described peace as requiring equality in society, but none found for gender or age. This study demonstrates the need to provide concrete opportunities for these adolescents to see individual contributions and broader interpersonal peace as possible.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP HOSPITALISASI ANAK DENGAN KEJANG DEMAM SELAMA ANAK DI RAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT SANTA ELISABETH MEDAN TAHUN 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Melky Rismando Damanik ◽  
Rusmauli Lumban Gaol
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Parental Anxiety ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Individual

Anxiety is an unclear and widespread concern, associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness. This state of anxiety and emotion has no specific object but can affect behavior toward parents whose children are hospitalized. Parental anxiety levels are subjective experiences of the individual and can not be directly observed but consequently will affect the anxiety level of the parent. Hospitalization of children is a state of crisis in children, when children are sick and hospitalized, one of them in the febrile seizure disease is a seizure spasm that occurs in the rise in body temperature above 38 ° C this will result in anxiety level of parents increases. Goals: To know the description of anxiety level of parent to hospitalization of child with febrile seizure during child is treated in hospital of Elisabeth Elisabeth Medan. Method: The design used in this study is descriptive to describe the level of anxiety parents to hospitalization of children with febrile seizures during child care at Hospital Santa Elisabeth Medan Year 2017. Result: based on data collection found 10 respondents where 5 (50%) of respondents who experienced anxiety level in medium category and 5 (50%) respondents have low level anxiety level. Conclusion: Based on the research and data analysis that has been done in accordance with the objectives that have been determined can be concluded that all parents who care for their children in the hospital will experience anxiety level that is 5 respondents (50%) with moderate anxiety level, while 5 others (50% Low anxiety levels and high anxiety levels were not found.

scholarly journals Task allocation and site fidelity jointly influence foraging regulation in honeybee colonies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 170344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Mosqueiro ◽  
Chelsea Cook ◽  
Ramon Huerta ◽  
Jürgen Gadau ◽  
Brian Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Collective Behaviour ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Resource Collection ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Collective Foraging ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Colony Level ◽  
And Task

Variation in behaviour among group members often impacts collective outcomes. Individuals may vary both in the task that they perform and in the persistence with which they perform each task. Although both the distribution of individuals among tasks and differences among individuals in behavioural persistence can each impact collective behaviour, we do not know if and how they jointly affect collective outcomes. Here, we use a detailed computational model to examine the joint impact of colony-level distribution among tasks and behavioural persistence of individuals, specifically their fidelity to particular resource sites, on the collective trade-off between exploring for new resources and exploiting familiar ones. We developed an agent-based model of foraging honeybees, parametrized by data from five colonies, in which we simulated scouts, who search the environment for new resources, and individuals who are recruited by the scouts to the newly found resources, i.e. recruits. We varied the persistence of returning to a particular food source of both scouts and recruits and found that, for each value of persistence, there is a different optimal ratio of scouts to recruits that maximizes resource collection by the colony. Furthermore, changes to the persistence of scouts induced opposite effects from changes to the persistence of recruits on the collective foraging of the colony. The proportion of scouts that resulted in the most resources collected by the colony decreased as the persistence of recruits increased. However, this optimal proportion of scouts increased as the persistence of scouts increased. Thus, behavioural persistence and task participation can interact to impact a colony's collective behaviour in orthogonal directions. Our work provides new insights and generates new hypotheses into how variations in behaviour at both the individual and colony levels jointly impact the trade-off between exploring for new resources and exploiting familiar ones.

scholarly journals Examination of Future Psychologists Empathy Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
S. Dmitrieva ◽  
O. Machushnyk
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Levels

In current conditions, the priority of young people's preparation for life and work is especially important. Consequently, the requirements for the training of a future psychologist are also changing. One of the essential properties of a psychologist, necessary for the successful implementation of their activities, is empathy. The problem of empathy is one of the most difficult psychological sciences. The implacability of this phenomenon for researchers confirms the diversity in the definitions of its essence, mechanisms, functions, the role of empathy in the personality moral development, prosocial behaviour, altruism, and others like that. The presence of the appropriate level of empathic properties of students-psychologists acts as a condition for the formation of their professional compliance. Subjective factors of empathy formation: value sphere of personality, type of interpersonal relations, level of self-centeredness, type of accentuation of character, types of attitudes to different spheres of life, level of subjective control. Therefore, in the article, empathy development is studied in students who get a psychologist's degree. It is determined that in general subjects have average empathy level. By dividing students into groups, according to their level of empathy, it has been established that different value orientations characterize boys with different levels of empathy. It is determined that the overwhelming majority of respondents have a mean self-centeredness level. It was found that the obtained data provide an opportunity for further development of empathy among students. As a result of our research, we are convinced that the objective factors for the formation of empathy are: the perception of other people, the maturity of the individual. Our research is not exhaustive; our further development will concern the deepening of the ideas about the empathy component of the personality of the future psychologist and the methods of its development.  

scholarly journals “Social Information Science” – as a concept for assimilating Smart Internet Usage in a Multi-Cultural Society : The Case of Israel

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Shifra Baruchson-Arbib
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Community Centers ◽  
Information Selection ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
The Individual

The present paper discusses Social Information Science, an innovative field of study, which can enhance assimilation of smart internet usage in multi-cultural countries such as Israel. Social Information Science (S.I.) deals with the development ,theory and applications relating to the retrieval and processing of social and medical information, training “social information scientists,” as well as the development of SI mediation services such as SI banks, SI sections in schools ,public libraries, hospitals, community centers, and private services. Together, these concerted efforts aim to establish a modern information-oriented climate in which stressful social and medical issues are handled through the retrieval and use of reliable information as the basis for knowledgeable decision making. Mediation services demonstrate the potential and risks involved in internet usage, as well as the importance of information-based decisions. Social Information Science will help train people to conduct their daily life decisions on the basis of information selection and self-responsibility- which is a step forward in the evolvement and empowerment the individual.

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