Stress, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Pregnant Women in Outpatient Care During the 2021 Second-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic

Aims: Women face many sources of stress throughout their lives, and some periods are particularly sensitive; pregnancy is one of them. The COVID-19 pandemic is a likely source of additional stress for pregnant women. Moreover, there is evidence that pregnant women have experienced high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms during the pandemic. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of pregnancy-specific stress, pandemic-related stress, and coping strategies with anxiety, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in Italian women during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (December 2020–June 2021). We also investigated whether there were differences in these levels of psychopathology compared to a prior study conducted during the first pandemic wave (April–August 2020) in Italian pregnant women.Methods: We assessed 325 pregnant women receiving outpatient prenatal care, using the Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ), Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS), the Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (NuPCI), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) screening. The main analysis was conducted comparing multiple logistic regression models predicting each psychopathological outcome from specific covariates and NuPDQ, PREPS, and NuPCI scores.Results: 42.8% of the sample reported significant levels of anxiety, while 10.3% was positive on depression screening and 13.1% on OCD screening. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of high anxiety, depression, or OCD screening scores compared with the first pandemic wave. Controlling for covariates, we found that GAD-7 and PHQ-2 scores were predicted by pregnancy-specific stress; positive OCD screening was not. The model of high anxiety was improved by adding pandemic-related stress as a predictor (in particular, feeling unprepared for delivery and postpartum). Finally, coping strategies (avoidance, spiritual coping, and planning-preparation) significantly improved prediction of all three psychopathological outcomes.Conclusions: The present study suggests the importance of pregnancy-related stress, COVID-19 pandemic stress, and of coping strategies in counteracting or contributing to psychiatric symptomatology during the current pandemic.

The Level Of Anxiety’s Referees Of Langsa (Football Association Of Indonesia) When Enforcing The Laws Of The Game During A Match

Football is a popular sport that is loved by all levels of society and throughout the world. A football match always engages a referee who enforces the game to oversee the course of the game consisting of the head referee and assistant referee. This article discusses the level of anxiety of the C-3 soccer referee at the PSSI Askot Langsa City, which amounted to 26 people. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a survey approach. This study was to figure out information on the anxiety level of the C-3 referee while leading the match; the results showed 17 referees with a percentage of 65% in the high anxiety category and nine referees with a portion of 35% in the very high category. Factors that affect the referee's anxiety are the audience pressure factor. The high atmosphere of the match when the home team is competing and the human error factor from the referee itself is appeared because the referee hesitates in making decisions so that the same mistakes are repeated by head referee and assistant referee during a match underway.

ANXIETY IN PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE COVID – 19 PANDEMIC WHO GO TO A HOSPITAL IN LIMA

Anxiety is one of the factors that affects the mental health of pregnant women during the coronavirus pandemic, due to the physiological and vital changes in their pregnancy. The objective is to determine anxiety in pregnant women during the pandemic of coronavirus who go to a hospital in Lima. It is a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional study, with a total population of 660 participants, who answered a survey with sociodemographic data and the state-trait anxiety scale. In the results, we observed that during the coronavirus pandemic, 16 (2.4%) of pregnant women presented low anxiety, 555 (84.1%) presented medium anxiety and 89 (13.5%) presented high anxiety. It is concluded psychological interventions are necessary for pregnant women and thus be able to help them during this stage in a safer and more trouble-free way during the coronavirus pandemic.

A Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome Causes Phenotype-Associated Morphological Changes and Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland

Background: Rats exposed to chronic predator scent stress mimic the phenotype of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans, including altered adrenal morphology and function. High- and low-anxiety phenotypes have been described in rats exposed to predator scent stress (PSS). This study aimed to determine whether these high- and low-anxiety phenotypes correlate with changes in adrenal histomorphology and corticosteroid production. Methods: Rats were exposed to PSS for ten days. Thirty days later, the rats’ anxiety index (AI) was assessed with an elevated plus-maze test. Based on differences in AI, the rats were segregated into low- (AI ≤ 0.8, n = 9) and high- (AI > 0.8, n = 10) anxiety phenotypes. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured by ELISA. Adrenal CORT, desoxyCORT, and 11-dehydroCORT were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. After staining with hematoxylin and eosin, adrenal histomorphometric changes were evaluated by measuring the thickness of the functional zones of the adrenal cortex. Results: Decreased plasma CORT concentrations, as well as decreased adrenal CORT, desoxyCORT and 11-dehydroCORT concentrations, were observed in high- but not in low-anxiety phenotypes. These decreases were associated with increases in AI. PSS led to a significant decrease in the thickness of the zona fasciculata and an increase in the thickness of the zona intermedia. The increase in the thickness of the zona intermedia was more pronounced in low-anxiety than in high-anxiety rats. A decrease in the adrenal capsule thickness was observed only in low-anxiety rats. The nucleus diameter of cells in the zona fasciculata of high-anxiety rats was significantly smaller than that of control or low-anxiety rats. Conclusion: Phenotype-associated changes in adrenal function and histomorphology were observed in a rat model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

COVID-19 experiences predicting high anxiety and depression among a sample of BRCA1/BRCA2-positive women in the US

During the COVID-19 pandemic, breast and ovarian cancer survivors experienced more anxiety and depression than before the pandemic. Studies have not investigated the similarities of this trend among BRCA1/2-positive women who are considered high risk for these cancers. The current study examines the impact of COVID-19 experiences on anxiety and depression in a sample of BRCA1/2-positive women in the U.S. 211 BRCA1/2-positive women from medically underserved backgrounds completed an online survey. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression for associations between COVID-19 experiences and self-reported anxiety and depression stratified by demographic factors. Overall, women who reported COVID-19 stigma or discrimination (aOR, 5.14, 95% CI [1.55, 17.0]) experienced significantly more depressive symptoms than women who did not report this experience. Racial/ethnic minority women caring for someone at home during COVID-19 were 3.70 times more likely (95% CI [1.01, 13.5]) to report high anxiety while non-Hispanic white women were less likely (aOR, 0.34, 95% CI [0.09, 1.30], p interaction = 0.011). To date, this is the first study to analyze anxiety and depression considering several COVID-19 predictors among BRCA1/2-positive women. Our findings can be used to inform future research and advise COVID-19-related mental health resources specific to these women.

Study of the relationship between indicators of vitality and character traits among students of a pedagogical university (gender aspect)

В статье освящается исследование взаимосвязи между показателями жизнеспособности и свойствами характера у студентов первого курса педагогического университета. Современные требования к профессиональным качествам личности педагога предопределяют необходимость рассмотрения личностных коррелятов жизнеспособности будущих учителей. Автором раскрывается сущность жизнеспособности, и ее взаимосвязи с регулятивными, коммуникативными, интеллектуальными и эмоциональными компонентами характера студентов разного пола. Раскрыты личностные корреляторы жизнеспособности у первокурсниц эмоциональная стабильность, высокая нормативность поведения, а у юношей – общительность, умеренная подозрительность, эмоциональная стабильность, высокий самоконтроль. Жизнеспособность девушек снижают такие свойства характера как напряженность, беспокойство, высокая тревожность, конформность, а у юношей – напряженность и высокая тревожность. Полученные результаты личностных коррелятов жизнеспособности могут быть применены в психолого-педагогическом сопровождении процесса профессионального обучения студентов. Статья предназначена для студентов психолого-педагогических специальностей. The article discusses the study of the relationship between indicators of vitality and character traits in first-year students of the Pedagogical University. Modern requirements for the professional qualities of a teacher's personality predetermine the need to consider the personal correlates of the viability of future teachers. The author reveals the essence of vitality, and its relationship with the regulatory, communicative, intellectual and emotional components of the character of students of different genders. The personal correlators of vitality were revealed in freshmen, emotional stability, high normality of behavior, and in young men - sociability, moderate suspicion, emotional stability, high self-control. The vitality of girls is reduced by such character traits as tension, anxiety, high anxiety, conformity, and in boys - tension and high anxiety. The obtained results of personality correlates of vitality can be applied in psychological and pedagogical support of the process of vocational training of students. The article is intended for students of psychological and pedagogical specialties.

Cognitive networks identify dimensions of distress in suicide notes: Anxiety, emotional profiles, and "words not said"

Suicide remains a serious public-health concern that is difficult to accurately predict in real-world settings. To identify potential predictors of suicide, we examined the emotional content of suicide notes using methods from cognitive network science. Specifically, we compared the co-occurrence networks of suicide notes with those constructed out of emotion words written by individuals scoring low or high on measures of depression, anxiety, and stress. Our objective was to identify which networks were most similar to the suicide notes network, in particular with regard to the connectivity between words and their emotional contents. We also investigated what types of words remained in the high/low emotion networks after controlling for the words present in the suicide notes, which we conceptualize as the “words not said” in the suicide notes. We found that patterns of connectivity among emotion words in suicide notes were most similar to those in texts written by low-anxiety individuals. However, upon analyzing the “words not said” in suicide notes, we observed that the remaining collection of emotions in suicide notes was most similar to those expressed by high-anxiety individuals. We discuss how these findings relate with existing clinical psychological literature as well as their potential implications for predicting suicidal behavior.

Reinvigorating Life: An Architecture for Younger Onset Dementia

<p>Most people are familiar with dementia, but few realise that it is not just an old persons’ disease. Younger onset dementia (YOD) is defined as the onset of dementia before age 65, some afflicted are as young as 30. People with YOD often have children at home, were recently employed, are physically fit and have active social lives. There are currently no facilities in New Zealand for people with YOD, resulting in their institutionalisation in aged-care facilities withdrawn from the local community and environment. The loss of physical and social stimulation often results in confusion, high anxiety and a faster progression of symptoms. Seeking to develop a specialised YOD facility, this thesis examines; existing literature across multiple disciplines, examples of successful YOD facilities internationally, and proposes both a participatory and iterative design method to establish how architecture can reinvigorate the lives of those affected by YOD and instigate a more socially responsive approach to design. This extends to the wider group of ‘lives’ including the care workers, the community and ultimately NZ. The need to provide architecture for memory, autonomy, and therapy was developed from the literature establishing key objectives for the design. In response to the lack of community interaction which occurs with existing dementia facilities, the thesis explores the possibilities inherent in Tschumi’s method of disprogramming. A garden centre is introduced to both contribute to and benefit from the YOD facility. The merging of YOD facility and garden centre into an infinity loop offers continual interaction, establishes a stimulating environment, and reaffirms those affected by YOD as relevant and active members of the community. The thesis engages with the discourse on projective practice to regain memory, autonomy, and activity for those affected by YOD, providing a reinvigorating architecture while simultaneously promoting a more socially responsive approach to design.</p>

Reinvigorating Life: An Architecture for Younger Onset Dementia

<p>Most people are familiar with dementia, but few realise that it is not just an old persons’ disease. Younger onset dementia (YOD) is defined as the onset of dementia before age 65, some afflicted are as young as 30. People with YOD often have children at home, were recently employed, are physically fit and have active social lives. There are currently no facilities in New Zealand for people with YOD, resulting in their institutionalisation in aged-care facilities withdrawn from the local community and environment. The loss of physical and social stimulation often results in confusion, high anxiety and a faster progression of symptoms. Seeking to develop a specialised YOD facility, this thesis examines; existing literature across multiple disciplines, examples of successful YOD facilities internationally, and proposes both a participatory and iterative design method to establish how architecture can reinvigorate the lives of those affected by YOD and instigate a more socially responsive approach to design. This extends to the wider group of ‘lives’ including the care workers, the community and ultimately NZ. The need to provide architecture for memory, autonomy, and therapy was developed from the literature establishing key objectives for the design. In response to the lack of community interaction which occurs with existing dementia facilities, the thesis explores the possibilities inherent in Tschumi’s method of disprogramming. A garden centre is introduced to both contribute to and benefit from the YOD facility. The merging of YOD facility and garden centre into an infinity loop offers continual interaction, establishes a stimulating environment, and reaffirms those affected by YOD as relevant and active members of the community. The thesis engages with the discourse on projective practice to regain memory, autonomy, and activity for those affected by YOD, providing a reinvigorating architecture while simultaneously promoting a more socially responsive approach to design.</p>

PENGARUH TERAPI SPIRITUAL (ISLAM) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISA

Masalah kesehatan terkait ginjal setiap tahun semakin banyak, salah satu masalah ginjal yang dihadapi orang baik negara maju maupun berkembang adalah penyakit ginjal kronis yang dikenal dengan gagal ginjal. Pasien gagal ginjal yang menjalani perawatan hemodialisis mengalami kecemasan karena krisis, ketakutan, ancaman kematian, dan perasaan terancam. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi yang efektif, efisien dan mudah diterapkan untuk mengurangi kecemasan pasien dan beradaptasi dengan stresor yang ada. Relaksasi spiritual merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat untuk mencapai keadaan relaksasi yang ditandai dengan berkurangnya aktivitas saraf simpatis melalui keyakinan spiritual dan agama para pihak, sehingga dapat mengendalikan keadaan fisik. Berdasarkan metode spiritual diharapkan akan menimbulkan perubahan mental yang pada akhirnya mengarah pada relaksasi yang baik Rancangan penelitian Literature Review. Pencarian literatur baik internasional maupun nasional yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan database Google Scholer, Perpustakaan Nasional, Garuda, Proquest. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa Penerapan intervensi terapi spiritual islami untuk mengatasi kecemasan pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisa memiliki pengaruh yang sama mengatakan bahwa dari intervensi terapi spiritual yang dilakukan perawat dapat memberikan pengaruh dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan. Peneliti yang melakukan penelitian serupa namun ada yang berbeda hasil, didalamnya terdapat satu responden yang justru kecemasannya tetap berada pada kategori kecemasan tinggi. Simpulan: Penerapan intervensi terapi spiritual islami untuk mengatasi kecemasan pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisa memberikan pengaruh dalam menurunkan Kecemasan.Kidney-related health problems are increasing every year, one of the kidney problems faced by people in both developed and developing countries is chronic kidney disease known as kidney failure. Kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment experience anxiety due to crisis, fear, death threats, and feelings of threat. Therefore, an effective, efficient and easy-to-implement strategy is needed to reduce patient anxiety and adapt to existing stressors. Spiritual relaxation is an effort made by the community to achieve a state of relaxation characterized by reduced sympathetic nerve activity through the spiritual and religious beliefs of the parties, so that they can control their physical condition. Based on the spiritual method, it is hoped that it will cause mental changes which ultimately lead to good relaxation. Research design Literature Review. Literature searches both international and national were carried out using the Google Scholer database, the National Library, Garuda, Proquest. The results of this study that the application of Islamic spiritual therapy interventions to overcome anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis have the same effect, saying that spiritual therapy interventions carried out by nurses can have an influence in reducing anxiety levels. Researchers who conducted similar studies but had different results, in which there was one respondent whose anxiety remained in the category of high anxiety. Conclusion: The application of Islamic spiritual therapy interventions to overcome anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis has an effect in reducing anxiety.