scholarly journals REDUCING THE INFLUENCE OF THE COGNITIVE MISER PHENOMENON AND COGNITIVE BIASES ON THE SELECTION PROCESS IN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH USING A REFLECTIVE APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (№11 2020) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
О.B. Popova ◽  
N.V. Kushnir ◽  
Yu.S. Nosova ◽  
K.E. Totukhov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Reflective Approach ◽  
Cognitive Miser

Decision-Making Theoretical Models and Cognitive Biases

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
The One

Decision making is a cognitive evaluation and selection process on a set of options in order to get to a series of objectives, so the decision-making process is complex. For that, this chapter will talk about the most important decision-making models found in the scientific literature. On the one hand, it will explain the computational models of decision making: connectionist, probabilistic, and qualitative. On the other hand, it will describe the somatic marker model of Damasio and the model of decision making based on heuristics of Kanheman and Tversky. Note that all decision-making models are valid and will depend on the decision in particular that a model will be explanatory of or not. Moreover, some of the models can also act in a complementary way.

scholarly journals Retention and Transfer of Cognitive Bias Mitigation Interventions: A Systematic Literature Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Korteling ◽  
Alexander Toet ◽  
J.Y.J.gerritsma
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Over Time

Cognitive biases can adversely affect human judgement and decision making and should therefore preferably be mitigated, so that we can achieve our goals as effectively as possible. Hence, numerous bias mitigation interventions have been developed and evaluated. However, to be effective in practical situations beyond laboratory conditions, the bias mitigation effects of these interventions should be retained over time and should transfer across contexts. This systematic review provides an overview of the literature on retention and transfer of bias mitigation interventions. A systematic search yielded 41 studies that were eligible for screening. At the end of the selection process, only seven studies remained that adequately studied retention over a period of at least 14 days (six studies) or transfer to different tasks and contexts (two studies). Retention of bias mitigation was found up to 12 months after the interventions. Most of the relevant studies investigated the effects of bias mitigation training with specific serious games. Only two studies (the second one being a replication of the first) found evidence for a transfer effect of bias mitigation training across contexts. Our main conclusion is that there is currently insufficient evidence for the retention and transfer of bias mitigation effects to consider the associated interventions as useful tools that can help people to make better decisions in daily life. This is in line with recent theoretical insights about the hard-wired neural and evolutionary origin of cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Retention and Transfer of Cognitive Bias Mitigation Interventions: A Systematic Literature Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. (Hans) Korteling ◽  
Jasmin Y. J. Gerritsma ◽  
Alexander Toet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Over Time

Cognitive biases can adversely affect human judgment and decision making and should therefore preferably be mitigated, so that we can achieve our goals as effectively as possible. Hence, numerous bias mitigation interventions have been developed and evaluated. However, to be effective in practical situations beyond laboratory conditions, the bias mitigation effects of these interventions should be retained over time and should transfer across contexts. This systematic review provides an overview of the literature on retention and transfer of bias mitigation interventions. A systematic search yielded 52 studies that were eligible for screening. At the end of the selection process, only 12 peer-reviewed studies remained that adequately studied retention over a period of at least 14 days (all 12 studies) or transfer to different tasks and contexts (one study). Eleven of the relevant studies investigated the effects of bias mitigation training using game- or video-based interventions. These 11 studies showed considerable overlap regarding the biases studied, kinds of interventions, and decision-making domains. Most of them indicated that gaming interventions were effective after the retention interval and that games were more effective than video interventions. The study that investigated transfer of bias mitigation training (next to retention) found indications of transfer across contexts. To be effective in practical circumstances, achieved effects of cognitive training should lead to enduring changes in the decision maker's behavior and should generalize toward other task domains or training contexts. Given the small number of overlapping studies, our main conclusion is that there is currently insufficient evidence that bias mitigation interventions will substantially help people to make better decisions in real life conditions. This is in line with recent theoretical insights about the “hard-wired” neural and evolutionary origin of cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Visual Management: mapping experiences from service blueprints in the remote scenario

ModaPalavra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Wernke ◽  
Júlio Monteiro Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Process Mapping ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Service Blueprint

Visual Management combined with Service Design tools is a good strategy for implementing process mapping in remote scenarios. The general objective of this study was to present its concepts and implement the service blueprint as a facilitating tool for mapping the experiences of processes in the Human Resources area. To provide the best interaction and practice of actions, an action research was carried out at the company Jungle Devs, mapping the entire journey of the selection process for new candidates. The methodological procedure was oriented by the guidelines of the exploratory research, starting from a systematic understanding of the processes that took place in person and from the analysis of the activities performed by the company. A greater understanding of the activities of the company's employees and of the interaction with the candidates was sought, thus identifying the problematic points and from these, the development of recommendations for improvement and formalization of the process in the remote mode. 

scholarly journals Data Visualisation Literacy in Higher Education: An Exploratory Study of Understanding of a Learning Dashboard Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
David Donohoe ◽  
Eamon Costello
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Impact

The visualisation of data has become ubiquitous. Visualisations are used to represent data in a way that is easy to understand and useful in our lives. Each data visualisation needs to be suitable to extract the correct information to complete a task and make an informed decision while minimising the impact of biases. To achieve this, the ability to create and read visualisations has become as important as the ability to read and write. Therefore, the Information Visualisation community is applying more attention to literacy and decision making in data vis-ualisations. Until recently, researchers lacked valid and reliable test in-struments to measure the literacy of users or the taxonomy to detect biased judgement in data visualisations. A literature review showed there is relatively little research on data visualisations for different user data literacy levels in authentic settings and a lack of studies that pro-vide evidence for the presence of cognitive biases in data visualisa-tions. This exploratory research study was undertaken to develop a method to assess perceived usefulness and confidence in reporting dashboards within higher education by adapting existing research in-struments. A survey was designed to test perceived usefulness, per-ceived skill and 24 multiple-choice test items covering six data visuali-sations based on eight tasks. The study was sent to 157 potential par-ticipants, with a response rate of 20.38%. The results showed data vis-ualisations are useful, but the purpose of some data visualisations is not always understood. Also, we showed there is a consensus that re-spondents perceive their data visualisation literacy is higher than they believe their peers to be. However, the higher their overconfidence, the lower their actual data visualisation literacy score. Finally, we discuss the benefits, limitations and possible future research areas.

scholarly journals DEALING WITH DUAL CAREER COUPLES: A TOOL FOR ACCEPTING AND MAKING INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS EFFECTIVE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Gabriel Dwomoh ◽  
Asiamah Yeboah ◽  
Evelyn Owusu Frempong
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
International Assignments ◽  
International Assignment ◽  
Dual Career Couples ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Reciprocal Arrangement ◽  
Trailing Spouse

The study seeks to explore existing literature on how MNCs are dealing with dual career couples for international assignees to accept international assignment and what these MNCs have not been able to provide so that contribution can be made to the existing literature. The study was exploratory research where the contributions of various authors were assessed to determine if dual career couples pose a threat for international assignees to accept international assignment. The exploration reveals that MNCs need to deal with issues associated with dual career couples since it contribute significantly to the rejection of international assignments. There are various strategies MNCs adopt in order to entice the international assignee’s spouse to give his or her blessing to the international assignment and mainly among them captured in the literature are providing a lump sum payment for the trailing spouse, inter-firm networking, assisting the trailing spouse to find job in the host country, engaging in reciprocal arrangement with other MNCs to find job for the trailing spouse in the host country and providing career support in order to make the trailing spouse skills, knowledge and abilities relevant to the host country job market. The study identified two strategies that could be used to deal with dual career couples which were not captured in the literature and these are the active involvement of the expatriate spouses in the recruitment and selection process and the use of virtual assignments by relying on the availability of technology for international assignments.

A comparison of the United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test (UK-CAT) with a traditional admission selection process

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan Fernando ◽  
Gordon Prescott ◽  
Jennifer Cleland ◽  
Kathryn Greaves ◽  
Hamish McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Aptitude Test ◽  
The United Kingdom

Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
P. Avero ◽  
M. Dolores Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Miguel-Tobal
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Content Specificity ◽  
Specificity Effects

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxiety, or interpersonal and daily-routines anxiety made no specific contribution to any cognitive bias. Multidimensional anxiety measures are useful for detecting content-specificity effects in cognitive biases.

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