Reliability and validity of children’s advertising exposure measures

Purpose First, three levels of content specificity for assessing children’s exposure to advertising were distinguished as follows: exposure to the medium, exposure to broad content and exposure to specific (i.e. commercial) content. Second, using longitudinal data from 165 children between 8 and 11 years old, the test-retest reliability and content validity of survey measures from all three levels were examined. Design/methodology/approach Due to societal concerns about the effects of advertising on children’s well-being, research into this topic is expanding. To enhance knowledge accumulation and bring uniformity to the field, a validated standard survey measure of advertising exposure is needed. The aim of this study is to provide such measures for television and internet advertising. Findings The findings suggest that all measures provided solid estimates for children’s television and internet advertising exposure. Yet, due to minor differences in reliability and validity, it may be concluded that television advertising exposure can best be measured by asking children how often they watch certain popular (commercial) television networks, either weighting or not weighting for advertising density. Internet advertising exposure can best be measured by asking children how often they use the internet or how often they visit certain popular websites, weighting for advertising density. Originality/value The current measures for children’s advertising exposure through traditional media can easily be adapted to fit new media.

Feasibility of using data collected through the St. Jude Pediatric Oncology Facility integrated local evaluation (PrOFILE) tool to determine previously defined levels of pediatric hematology-oncology care.

e13530 Background: Pediatric hematology and oncology (PHO) facilities are not all equally equipped to diagnose and treat the full range of childhood cancers. Proposed facility tier models have been published to facilitate the context-based adaptation of PHO diagnostic and treatment guidelines. However, a tool to assist facilities in identifying their level of PHO care does not exist. We assessed the feasibility of using the St. Jude Pediatric Oncology Facility Integrated Local Evaluation (PrOFILE) tool to identify (1) facility levels as defined by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) and the Lancet Oncology Commission (LOC) for sustainable care for children with cancer, and (2) treatment strata in the Adapted Resource and Implementation Application (ARIA) Guide. Methods: This study employed a multi-step mapping approach. We mapped the 1,279 PrOFILE tool variables to the nine SIOP service lines, ten LOC domains, and ten ARIA resource groups. Mapping was performed by two teams and carried out in two different rounds. The first round aimed to define if an indicator was fully or partially covered by PrOFILE. Multiple PrOFILE variables could be assigned to each concept to meet its content specificity. Various cut-offs were applied when necessary to assign mutually exclusive responses to each tier. The second round consisted of expert validation for each indicator previously identified. Results: Most (97%) of SIOP’s indicators were partially or fully covered in the PrOFILE tool (Table). Radiation therapy tools and appointment scheduling and call back system could not be mapped. Of the LOC indicators, 89% were covered (Table). Pathology technical staff, chemotherapy complexity (low, moderate, and high), lymph node biopsy, organ preservation, liver transplantation, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and research infrastructure could not be mapped. Finally, 77% of the indicators used by the ARIA Guide were covered (Table). The ophthalmology resource group could not be fully mapped. Conclusions: This exercise demonstrates the feasibility of using PrOFILE tool variables to identify facility PHO care levels as defined by SIOP and LOC. The tool also contains most of the variables necessary to apply the ARIA Guide to diagnose, treat, and manage childhood cancer. Future PrOFILE versions will address concepts that are not covered or are partially covered in its current version.[Table: see text]

PLACE AND ROLE OF ETHNIC TRADITIONS IN THE SOCIOCULTURAL SPACE

The article analyzes approaches to the study of sociocultural space, with a focus on the potential of the concept of “social space” in ethnosociological research. Its most important components have been identified: social and cultural space. The specific function of social space is fixed, namely, the preservation of the structure of social institutions, within which social interactions take place. When analyzing the cultural space, it was shown that cultural specificity is most clearly manifested in ethnic cultures (ethnocultures), the semantic core of which is tradition. The author comes to the conclusion that the totality of social and cultural processes is localized within certain territorial boundaries and is a socio-cultural superstructure over the landscape and climatic space. Spatial development of territories is possible in a situation of maintaining the meaningful uniqueness of the cultural space (realized, first of all, in traditions) within the boundaries of a single social, legal and economic space. social space determines, to a certain extent, the universality of the form (through social institutions and structures), and cultural space determines the content specificity of the sociocultural space.

Сontent aspects of a modern St. Petersburg city tour

Excursion activities in large cities of Russia demonstrate the increasing popularity of city tours and are undergoing numerous transformations, expressed both in thematic diversity and in the change in the content of individual excursions. This has an impact not only on the perception of urban space by sightseers – citizens and visitors, but also on the socio-cultural processes of the city and society in a broader sense. The article presents the results of an empirical study (included observation) of the content specificity of a number of city excursions around St. Petersburg as a city with the most actively developing excursion sphere. The content is analyzed in terms of: route and display objects; narrative and communication of the guide with the audience; activity activity, reflecting the solution of communicative tasks; the competence of the guide. The observation results are correlated with the provisions of scientific and methodological literature (authors of the early Soviet period – I. M. Grevs, N. P. Antsiferov, B. E. Raikov, N. A. Geinick, the era of «developed socialism» – B. V. Emelyanova , modern researchers – O. N. Orlova, A. G. Smirnova, I. I. Lisaevich, G. A. Leskova, N. A. Dobrina) and are presented in the form of generalized characteristics of the transformation of excursion content based on the phenomenological characteristics of the typology and content of a modern city excursion.

FEATURES OF MOVEMENTS PLASTICITY MANIFESTATION IN SCHOOLCHILDREN OF GRADES 7-8

Among manifestations of coordination abilities specialists distinguish the plasticity of movements with its complex structural content, specificity in various types of motional activity. The following plasticity components are pointed out: individual style, performance artistry, gracefulness of movements (combination of strength and beauty of movements, spatial accuracy and maximum amplitude), harmony of motional actions ensuring unity, consistency and symmetry of a single motor act’s different parts along with inclusion of diverse movements. Schoolchildren of grades 7-8 best performed the task of static plasticity; girls' indicators by the 8th grade significantly improved (t = 2.03; P> 0.01). The indicators of movement plasticity assessed on a five-point scale, characterizing their gracefulness and rhythm perception, are at the average and below the average level. The interrelations of indicators characterizing various manifestations of movements plasticity have been studied. A correlation was found out between the indicators in the exercises “body wave” and “forward roll” (r = 0.48-0.52), “hoop rotation” and “body wave” (r = 0.46-0.72)

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH WORKS OF CONTEMPORARY SCHOOLCHILDREN AS A SOURCE OF STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE PEOPLE ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1941-1945

The present work is based on the analysis of the schoolchildren competitive research papers submitted at the All-Russian Youth Vernadsky Conference in the period of time between 2005 and 2020; the article considers the ideas about the 1941–1945 Great Patriotic War of the generation coming into life in the 21st century. The content specificity of the schoolchildren research works devoted to the Great Patriotic War is defined by the fact that the young authors in search of truth seek to objectively comprehend the realities of the past and to ascertain the veracity of the fact. It is worth noting that the heroes of the schoolchildren papers are ordinary people, often without formal recognition, and that is the reason why their documents have not been taken into the archives yet. At the opening of the exhibition “Man and War”, the Chairman of the Russian Historical Society Sergei Naryshkin stressed that the history of the Soviet people’s heroism is transmitted through the frontline letters, photographs, family reminiscences, personal belongings. It is on these sources that young researchers learn the history of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The author of the article concludes that the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War is preserved in the people’s consciousness, and that it is possible to use the youth research as the sources of personal origin to study the issue of historical memory

Generality and content-specificity in the study of the neural correlates of perceptual consciousness

The present paper was written as a contribution to ongoing methodological debates within the NCC project. We focus on the neural correlates of conscious perceptual episodes. Our claim is that the NCC notion, as applied to conscious perceptual episodes, needs to be reconceptualized. It mixes together the processing related to the perceived contents and the neural substrate of consciousness proper, i.e. mechanisms making the perceptual contents conscious. We thus propose that the perceptual NCC be divided into two constitutive subnotions. The paper elaborates the distinction, marshals some initial arguments in its favour, and sketches advantages of the proposed reconceptualization.