scholarly journals Диэлектрическая релаксация и протонная проводимость полисурьмяной кислоты, допированной ионами ванадия

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Liliya Yu. Kovalenko ◽  
Vladimir A. Burmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Science Series ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Pyrochlore Structure ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
Short Side ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution

Методом импедансной спектроскопии исследованы протонпроводящие свойства полисурьмяной кислоты (ПСК), допированной ионами ванадия. Для твердых растворов состава H2Sb2–xVxO6·nH2O, кристаллизующихся в структурном типе пирохлора (пр. гр. симм. Fd3m), показано, что увеличение количества ванадия в образце приводит к росту удельной протонной проводимости, которая для крайнего твердого раствора замещения H2Sb1.52V0.48O6·nH2O составляет 66 мСм/м. Из анализа данных диэлектрической спектроскопии при температурах 218–298 К определена энергия активации проводимости, которая составила 30±2 КДж/моль. Предложен механизм протонного транспорта,         согласно которому в допированных ионами ванадия ПСК проводимость осуществляется посистеме водородных связей, образованных молекулами воды, расположенными в гексагональных каналах структуры типа пирохлора, и анионами кислорода октаэдра, формирующего каркас структуры     REFERENCES Stenina I. A., Yaroslavtsev A. B. Low- and intermediate-temperature proton-conducting electrolytes. Mater. 2017. v. 53(3), pp. 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168517030104 Ivanchev S. S., Myakin S. V. Polymer membranesfor fuel cells: manufacture, structure, modifi cation, properties. Russian Chemical Reviews, 2010, v. 79(2), pp.101-117. https://doi.org/10.1070/RC2010v079n02ABE H004070 Luo T., Abdu S., Wessling M. Selectivity of ionexchange membranes: A review. Membr. Sci., 2018,v. 555, pp. 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.051 Fomenkov A. I., Pinus Yu., Peregudov A. S., Zubavichus Ya. V., Yaroslavtsev A. B., Khokhlov A. R. Proton conductivity of poly(arylene ether ketones) with different sulfonation degrees: Improvement via incorporation of nanodisperse zirconium acid phosphate. Polymer Science Series B, 2007, v. 49(7–8), pp. 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1560090407070032 Prikhno I. A., Ivanova K. A., Don G. M., Yaroslavtsev A.B. Hybrid membranes based on short side chain perfl uorinated sulfonic acid membranes (Inion) and heteropoly acid salts. Mendeleev Commun, 2018, v. 28(6), pp. 657–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2018. 11.033 Klestchov D., Burmistrov V., Sheinkman A., Pletnev R. Composition and structure of phases formed in the process of hydrated antimony pentoxide thermolysis. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1991, v. 94(2), pp. 220–226. https://doi.ors/10.1016/0022-4596(91)90186-L Yaroshenko F. A., Burmistrov V. A. Dielectric relaxation and protonic conductivity of polyantimonic crystalline acid at low temperatures. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 2015, v. 51(5), pp. 391–396. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193515050195 Yaroshenko F. A., Burmistrov V. A. Proton conductivity of polyantimonic acid studied by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 370–480 K. Mater., 2015, v. 51(8), pp. 783–787. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168515080208 Shchelkanova M. S., Pantyukhina M. I., Antonov B. D., Kalashnova A. V. Produce new solid electrolytes based on the Li 8–x Zr 1–xVxO6 system. Butlerov Communications, 2014, v. 38(5), pp. 96–102. URL: https://butlerov.com/stat/reports/details. asp?lang=ru&id=15798 (in Russ.) Kovalenko L. Yu., Burmistrov V. A., Lupitskaya Yu. A., Kovalev I. N., Galimov D. M. Synthesis of the solid solutions H2Sb2–xVxO6·nH2O with the pyrochlore-type structure. Butlerov Communications, 2018, v. 55(8), pp. 24–30. URL: https://butlerov.com/stat/reports/ details.asp?lang=ru&id=30164 (in Russ.) Kovalenko L. Yu., Burmistrov V. A., Lupitskaya Yu.A. Vliyanie otnositel’noy vlazhnosti na protonnuyu provodimost’ polisur’myanykh kislot, dopirovannykh ionami vanadiya [Effect of relative humidity on the proton conductivity of poly-antimony acids doped with vanadium ions]. “Physico-chemical processes in condensed media and interphase boundaries” (FAGRAN-2018)”, materials of the 8th All-Russian Conference with international participation, October 8–11, 2018, Voronezh, pp. 524–525. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item. asp?id=36837531. (in Russ.) Malyshkina I. A., Makhaeva E. E., Gavrilova N. D., Khokhlov A. R. Peculiarities of low-frequency dielectric dispersion in polymer networks based on poly(methacrylic acid). Polymer science. Series A, 2000, v. 42(8), pp. 325–328. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item. asp?id=13345750 Kleschev D. G. Mekhanizm fazovykh prevrashcheniy pri termolize gidrata pen-taoksida v intervale 470–730 K [The mechanism of phase transformations during thermolysis of pentoxide hydrate in the range of 470–730 K]. News of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Inorganic materials, 1987, v. 23(7), pp. 1173 –1176. (in Russ.) Armstrong R. D., Dickinson T., Willis P. M. The A. C. impedance of powdered and sintered solid ionic conductors. Electroanalytical Chem. Interfacial Electrochem, 1974, v. 53(3), pp. 389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(74)80077-X Niftaliev S. I., Kozaderova O. A., Kim K. B., Matchin K. S. Research of current transfer process in the system heterogeneous ion-exchange membrane – ammonium nitrate solution. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2016, v. 18(2), pp. 232–240. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_2_2016_007.pdf (in Russ.) Alvarez R., Guerrero F., Garcia-Belmonte G., Bisquert J. // Materials Sci. 2002, vol. 90, pp. 291. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(02)00004-1. Solodukha A. M., Lieberman Z. A. Opredelenie dielektricheskikh parametrov keramiki na osnove dispersii kompleksnogo elektricheskogo modulya [Determination of dielectric parameters of ceramics based on the dispersion of a complex electrical module]. Vestnik VSU, Series of Physics, Mathematics, 2003, no. 2, pp. 67–71. URL: http://www.vestnik.vsu.ru/pdf/physmath/2003/02/pitanov.pdf. (in Russ.) Moti Ram, Chakrabarti S. Dielectric and modulus behavior of LiFe1/2Ni1/2VO4 ceramics. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2008, v. 69(4), pp. 905–912. https://org.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.10.008 Pet’Kov V. I., Sukhanov M. V., Shipilov A. S., Kurazhkovskaya V. S., Borovikova E. Y., Pinus I. Y., Yaroslavtsev A. B. Synthesis and properties of LiZr2(AsO4)3 and LiZr2(AsO4) x (PO4)3–x. Mater., 2014, v. 50(3), pp. 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168514030091 Krasnov A. G., Piir I. V., Sekushin N. A., Baklanova Y. V., Denisova T. A. Electrophysical properties of bismuth titanates with the pyrochlore structure Bi1.6Mx Ti2O7–d (M = In, Li). Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 2017, v. 53(8), pp. 866-872. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193517080122

scholarly journals Bisphenol-Free Epoxy Resins Derived from Natural Resources Exhibiting High Thermal Conductivity

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Matthias Sebastian Windberger ◽  
Evgenia Dimitriou ◽  
Frank Wiesbrock
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Epoxy Compound ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Epoxy Amine ◽  
Π Stacking

Polymers commonly have low thermal conductivity in the range of 0.1–0.2 W·m−1·K−1, which is a limiting factor for their usage in the course of continuously increasing miniaturization and heat generation in electronic applications. Two strategies can be applied to increase the transport of phonons in polymers: (i) the embedment of thermally conductive inorganic materials and (ii) the involvement of aromatic units enabling anisotropy by π–π stacking. In this study, the thermal conductivity of resins based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether BADGE and 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane DEO was compared. DEO can be derived from pseudo-pelletierine, which is contained in the bark of the pomegranate tree. The epoxy compounds were cured with isophorone diamine IPDA, o-dianisidine DAN, or mixtures of the both diamines. Notably, isophorone diamine is derived from isophorone of which the latter naturally occurs in cranberries. The formulations were produced without filler or with 5 wt.-% of SiO2 nanoparticles. Significantly enhanced thermal conductivity in the range of 0.4 W·m−1·K−1 occurs only in DEO-based polymer networks that were cured with DAN (and do not contain SiO2 fillers). This observation is argued to originate from π–π stacking of the aromatic units of DAN enabled by the higher flexibility of the aliphatic carbon chain of DEO compared to that of BADGE. This assumption is further supported by the facts that significantly improved thermal conductivity occurs only above the glass-transition temperature and that nanoparticles appear to disrupt the π–π stacking of the aromatic groups. In summary, it can be argued that the bisphenol-free epoxy/amine resin with an epoxy compound derivable from natural resources shows favorably higher thermal conductivity in comparison to the petrol-based epoxy/amine resins.

Degradation of Materials Based on Alkali-Activated Blast-Furnace Slag after Exposure to Aggressive Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Iveta Plšková ◽  
Petr Hrubý ◽  
Libor Topolář ◽  
Michal Matysík
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Degradation Of Materials ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

The paper summarizes partial results of a study of degradation of materials based on alkali-activated blast-furnace slag (AAS) and comparative on cement CEM III/A 32.5 R after exposure to aggressive environments. It further specifies the possibilities for utilising destructive and non-destructive techniques to determine the progress of degradation and characterizes the degree of their correlation. After 28 days of ageing in a water environment, the produced test specimens (40×40×160 mm beams) were placed in aggressive media (ammonium nitrate solutions; sodium sulfate, rotating water) and after subsequent 28, 56 and 84 days of degradation were subjected to testing. Testing comprised both a destructive form (determination of compressive strength and flexural strength) and a selected non-destructive technique (Impact-echo method). The partial outputs were supplemented by the results acquired from monitoring weight changes. In addition, the development of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in relation to the progress of the degradation processes was also monitored. While the exposure of both test specimens to water and sodium sulfate did not result in any significant changes, the exposure to the ammonium nitrate solution exhibited rapid signs of degradation associated with a significant reduction in functional characteristics.

Microstructural and permeability changes due to accelerated Ca leaching in ammonium nitrate solution

2014 ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Phung ◽  
Norbert Maes ◽  
Diederik Jacques ◽  
Geert De Schutter ◽  
Guang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution

scholarly journals Proton-conducting Organic-inorganic Sulfo-containing Membranes for Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga GRIGORAVICIUTE-PURONIENE ◽  
Iryna YEVCHUK ◽  
Oksana DEMCHYNA ◽  
Mariia ZHYHAILO ◽  
Khrystyna RYMSHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Inorganic Component ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Component Content

Cross-linked organiс-inorganic sulfo-containing membranes of various compositions based on acrylic monomers (acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, 3-sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt, ethylene glycol diacrylate) and sol-gel systems of tetraethoxysilane have been developed. Synthesis of the polymer matrix was carried out by UV-initiated polymerization of the monomer mixture and the inorganic component was formed in situ while conducting the sol-gel process of the precursor. FTIR, SEM, EDS, DMA, impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The influence of inorganic component content on the properties of the membranes was investigated. DMA results show that an increase in silica content leads to a decrease in packing density and an increase in structural heterogeneity in sulfo-containing polyacrylate/silica membranes. The highest values of proton conductivity 1.12 ꞏ 10−2 Sm/cm at 60 °C were found in membranes containing 3 wt.%. of the added sol-gel system. Further increase of silica content does not increase the proton conductivity of the membranes. The proton transfer activation energies in the membranes were calculated from the temperature dependence of proton conductivity. The obtained cross-linked sulfo-containing organic-inorganic materials can be used for the development of proton-conducting membranes for fuel cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Silage Corn Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Nilahyane ◽  
M. Islam ◽  
Abdel Mesbah ◽  
Axel Garcia y Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Semi Arid

In water-scarce regions, high yield and improved water use efficiency (WUE) of crops can be obtained if water and nitrogen (N) are properly applied. While water and N have been the subject of research worldwide, studies are needed to advance our understanding on the complexity of their interaction. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Wyoming Powell Research and Extension Center in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine the effect of irrigation water and N on growth, dry matter (DM) yield, and WUE of silage corn (Zea mays L.) grown under on-surface drip irrigation (ODI). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangement with three replications. Irrigation was the main treatment and included 100ETc (100% crop evapotranspiration), 80ETc, and 60ETc. Nitrogen was the sub-treatment and included 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N ha−1 as urea-ammonium-nitrate solution Results showed that irrigation water, N, and application timing significantly affected growth and DM yield, especially at late vegetative and mid reproductive growth stages. At harvest (R4), no significant difference was observed between 180 kg N ha−1 and 270 kg N ha−1 on DM yield and WUE. However, significant differences of DM yield were observed between irrigation treatments, and 100ETc and 80ETc did not differ in WUE. Our findings suggest that 100ETc and 180 kg N ha−1 is the best combination for high yielding corn for silage grown in a semi-arid climate under ODI.

Prediction of the Deterioration Depth of Concrete by Accelerating Calcium Leaching Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Cheng ◽  
Sao Jeng Chao ◽  
Wei Ting Lin ◽  
Jia Liang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Calcium Leaching ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Calcium Ion Leaching ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

The concrete is a solid and porous composite materials, when the concrete exposure to moisture environment for a long-term, the pore water will penetrate into concrete cause hydration products leaching. Leaching of calcium ions increase in porosity and resulting in harmful ions ingress into concrete to reduce strength and durability of concrete. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of water-binder ratio on calcium ion leaching behavior of cement-based material. The ammonium nitrate solution was used to accelerate leaching process. Leaching duration was 56 days, 91 days and 140 days, respectively. The leaching depth and compressive strength were measured. The results showed that leaching resistance increased with a decrease in water/binder ratio. The leaching depth showed that leaching behavior of the specimens without minerals admixtures can be divided into two stages, the first stage was leaching of calcium hydroxide and than the C-S-H gel were leaching.

scholarly journals Composite Sulfonated Polyether-Ether Ketone Membranes with SBA-15 for Electrochemical Energy Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rico-Zavala ◽  
J. L. Pineda-Delgado ◽  
A. Carbone ◽  
A. Saccà ◽  
E. Passalacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

The aim of this work is the evaluation of a Sulfonated Poly Ether-Ether Ketone (S-PEEK) polymer modified by the addition of pure Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15, mesoporous silica) and SBA-15 previously impregnated with phosphotungstic acid (PWA) fillers (PWA/SBA-15) in order to prepare composite membranes as an alternative to conventional Nafion® membranes. This component is intended to be used as an electrolyte in electrochemical energy systems such as hydrogen and methanol Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumping (EHP). The common requirements for all the applications are high proton conductivity, thermomechanical stability, and fuel and oxidant impermeability. The morphology of the composite membranes was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. Water Uptake (Wup), Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, methanol permeability and other physicochemical properties were evaluated. In PEMFC tests, the S-PEEK membrane with a 10 wt.% SBA-15 loading showed the highest performance. For EHP, the inclusion of inorganic materials led to a back-diffusion, limiting the compression capacity. Concerning methanol permeability, the lowest methanol crossover corresponded to the composites containing 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% SBA-15.

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