Microstructural and permeability changes due to accelerated Ca leaching in ammonium nitrate solution

2014 ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Phung ◽  
Norbert Maes ◽  
Diederik Jacques ◽  
Geert De Schutter ◽  
Guang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution

Degradation of Materials Based on Alkali-Activated Blast-Furnace Slag after Exposure to Aggressive Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Iveta Plšková ◽  
Petr Hrubý ◽  
Libor Topolář ◽  
Michal Matysík
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Degradation Of Materials ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

The paper summarizes partial results of a study of degradation of materials based on alkali-activated blast-furnace slag (AAS) and comparative on cement CEM III/A 32.5 R after exposure to aggressive environments. It further specifies the possibilities for utilising destructive and non-destructive techniques to determine the progress of degradation and characterizes the degree of their correlation. After 28 days of ageing in a water environment, the produced test specimens (40×40×160 mm beams) were placed in aggressive media (ammonium nitrate solutions; sodium sulfate, rotating water) and after subsequent 28, 56 and 84 days of degradation were subjected to testing. Testing comprised both a destructive form (determination of compressive strength and flexural strength) and a selected non-destructive technique (Impact-echo method). The partial outputs were supplemented by the results acquired from monitoring weight changes. In addition, the development of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in relation to the progress of the degradation processes was also monitored. While the exposure of both test specimens to water and sodium sulfate did not result in any significant changes, the exposure to the ammonium nitrate solution exhibited rapid signs of degradation associated with a significant reduction in functional characteristics.

Electrical conductivity, speeds of sound, and viscosity of aqueous ammonium nitrate solutions

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Sekh Mahiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Hydration Number ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Speeds Of Sound ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Density, electrical conductivity, speeds of sound, and viscosity of aqueous ammonium nitrate solutions were measured as functions of concentration (m, mol kg–1) (0.1599 [Formula: see text] m [Formula: see text] 20.42) and temperature (T, K) (273.15 [Formula: see text] T [Formula: see text] 323.15). Experimental values are consistent with the reported data. Variation of isotherms of electrical conductivity, isentropic compressibility, and structural relaxation time with concentration evoke structural information on the ion solvation in aqueous ammonium nitrate solution at different concentration regions. The primary hydration numbers of ammonium nitrate were estimated at a particular concentration at which the isentropic compressibility isotherms converge. The existence of free hydrated ions, resulting from strong ion solvent interactions in dilute to 9.1 mol kg–1, the solvent-separated ion-pairs resulting from the relative competition between the ion–solvent and the ion–ion interactions in 9.1 to 12.0 mol kg–1, and the solvent-shared ion-pairs beyond 12.0 mol kg–1 resulting from a decrease in the number of solvent molecules, govern the transport process.Key words: electrical conductivity, speeds of sound, viscosity, ammonium nitrate, hydration number.

Mössbauer studies of the corrosion products of iron formed in aqueous ammonium nitrate solution

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpalatha C. Bhat ◽  
M.P. Sathyavathiamma ◽  
N.G. Puttaswamy ◽  
R.M. Mallya
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Mössbauer Studies ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution

scholarly journals Comparison of McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC effi ciency methods in diagnostics of Ascaris suum infection in young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
O. Kruchynenko ◽  
A. Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Scientific Laboratory ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Efficiency Comparison

The coproovoscopic methods involving count chambers are widely used in the veterinary practice for diagnostics. These methods are important in assessments of the prevalence rates of nematode infections in pigs and for FECR tests. However, more basic data is needed on the efficiency of the commercial methods of diagnostics, tested at the different specific gravity of the flotation solutions. In a thorough analysis of publications of Ukrainian scientists, we have found that the data is sparse on the efficiency comparison of the modified McMaster’s and MiniFLOTAC methods. The aim of our study was to compare the efficiency of the commercial coproovoscopic techniques: the modified McMaster’s method (with sensitivity of 25 EPG), and MiniFLOTAC combined with Fill-FLOTAC (with sensitivity of 5 EPG) in testing for A. suum infection in piglets. Results of approbation of the mentioned methods are presented for the following saturated solutions: NaCl (SG=1.2), MgCl2 •6H2 O (SG =1.27) and NH4 NO3 (SG=1.28). Fecal samples were taken at own private farm, in Mlynok village of Onufriivka district, Kirovohrad region from 20 4 month old pigs with spontaneous A. suum infection. The laboratory assessments were performed in the Scientific Laboratory of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. It is established that at high rates of A. suum infection in young pigs, McMaster’s method with the ammonium nitrate solution is more efficient compared to the Mini-FLOTAC method. In average, 5331.2 eggs of A. suum were determined per 1 g of feces using the former method, compared to 4567.5 EGP according to the Mini-FLOTAC technique (P < 0.001). The highest diagnostic efficiency of the modified McMasters method and the combination of Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC is seen when ammonium nitrate (NH4 NO3 ) solution of 1.28 SG is used (P < 0.001). Our results add new data on the efficiency of the commercial methods of diagnostics with varying specific gravity of the flotation solutions, for pigs infected with nematodes. Key words: EPG, pigs, nematode, ascariasis, diagnostics, efficiency.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BAROMEMBRANE AND ELECTROBARMEMBRANE SEPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Lazarev ◽  
Sergey V. Kovalev ◽  
Dmitry N. Konovalov ◽  
Olga A. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Output Stream ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Current Voltage

The paper presents a generalized analysis of literature data on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of membrane systems. Based on an analysis of the literature, it is noted that electrodialysis is a promising method for the separation of solutions for the production of ammonium nitrate. An analysis of literature revealed that the application of an external constant electric field to the membrane separation of solutions containing charge-transporting components (nitrate ions and ammonium ions) causes the directed transfer of cations and anions through the membranes. The studies revealed that with the baromembrane separation of the studied solutions with increasing transmembrane pressure, the specific output stream increases. This is due to an increase in the driving force of the process. For the OFAM-K anode membrane, with an increase in the current density, with the electrobaromembrane separation of the ammonium nitrate solution, the specific output stream decreases, which is associated with a change in the pH value of the acidified anode permeate. nd for the OPMN-P cathode membrane, the specific output stream increases with a change in the pH of the alkalized cathode permeate. A modified mathematical equation is proposed for theoretical calculation of the specific output stream and the retention coefficient of the OFAM-K and OPMN-P nanofiltration membranes. Experimental studies of membrane systems equipped with the anode OFAM-K and the near-cathode OPMN-P membranes from voltage and transmembrane pressure revealed that for the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate there are two characteristic periods on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of the membrane system (the first period is beyond regime, dissociation of water (H+ and OH-) at the phase boundary with the advent of additional electric current carriers, the second is the degradation of the active layer of a semipermeable membrane). When studying the current-voltage characteristics of a membrane system equipped with an anode OFAM-K and a near-cathode OPMN-P membranes, when separating model and technological solutions, a decrease in the total omics resistance of the system is observed, which is associated with the solution throttling process.

scholarly journals Ammonia removal from fertilizer plant effluents by a coupled electrostatic shielding based electrodialysis / electrodeionization process

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Fertilizer Plant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
A Current

Electrically and ionically conducting graphite powder beds interposed between the anode and cathode inside an electrolytic setup are used as intermediate bipolar electrodes. The beds cause electric field discontinuity by eliminating the applied electric field locally within their mass and act as electrostatically shielded zones – ion and ionic current sinks and thus ion concentrating compartments, whereas the adjacent compartments become ion depleting compartments. The ion sinks were implemented in a coupled electrostatic shielding electrodialysis/electrodeionization process to remove ammonium nitrate from fertilizer plant wastewaters. The batch wise operated electrostatic shielding electrodialysis of a solution containing 1310 mg L-1 ammonium nitrate produced in 28 min at a current density of 15-30 A m-2 a concentrate ammonium nitrate solution which could be recycled to the fertilizer plant unit and a diluate containing 50 mg L-1 ammonium nitrate. The diluate was subsequently used as feed in the electrostatic shielding electrodeionization process to produce pure water of a NH4 + and NO3- ion concentration of less than 1 mg L-1 respectively with a flow rate of 5.51x10-4 dm3 s-1 and a current density of 50 A m-2.

scholarly journals ENTHALPY OF INTERACTION OF ION-EXCHANGE HETEROGENEOUS MEMBRANES AND THEIR GRANULAR ANALOGUES WITH AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Sabukhi I. Niftaliev ◽  
Yuriy S Peregudov ◽  
Olga A. Kozaderova ◽  
Kseniya B. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Calorimetric Method ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution

Ion-exchange membranes are widely used for extraction, separation and concentration of aqueous nitrogen-containing solutions. In the study the heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes of cationic type- MK-40, Ralex CM (H) -PP, MK-41 – and anionic type - MA-41, Ralex AM (H) -PP and also their granular analogues – cation exchanger  KУ-2·8 and anion exchanger AB-17·8 were used. Sorption of nitrate ions and ammonium ions was conducted from the ammonium nitrate solution with concentration of 0.012 mole / dm³. To determine sorption thermochemical characteristics of the studied ions the calorimetric method was used. It was found that for all the studied types of membranes and ion exchangers the processes were accompanied by heat evolution. From the calorimetric measurements the thermokinetic interaction curves of cation-exchange membranes and KУ-2×8 with the ammonium nitrate solution and anion-exchange membranes and AB-17×8 with the solution of the same salt were obtained. According to the curves the power of heat evolution and time of the process were determined. It was shown that the ion exchangers KУ-2·8 and AB-17·8 are characterized by a longer time to achieve the maximum of heat evolution and process time than for the similar membranes. This fact is explained by the different number and accessibility of the functional groups in the membranes and ion exchangers. From the thermo-kinetic curves the enthalpies of interaction were calculated. The process of the interaction between the granular ion exchangers and ions is characterized by higher values of the enthalpy than for the membranes which large steric effects are common for. Saline concentration, nature of exchangeable ions and type of functional groups of the ion exchanger and also its moisture content influence the enthalpy value. Experimental calorimetric data indicated that the energy costs connected with the effects of dehydration and conformational changes in the sorbent polymer chains do not overlap the exothermic sorption effect. The calorimetric method is informative to determine the nature and mechanism of sorption.

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