scholarly journals Injection Pressure as a Marker of Intraneural Injection in Procedures of Peripheral Nerves Blockade

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilvana Vučković ◽  
Faruk Dilberović ◽  
Amela Kulenović ◽  
Kučuk-Alija Divanović ◽  
Alma Voljevica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Stimulator ◽  
Perineural Injection ◽  
High Injection Pressure ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Intraneural Injection ◽  
The Difference

The blockade of peripheral nerves carries a certain risk of unwanted complications, which can follow after unintentional intraneural injection of a local anesthetic. Up till today, the research of measuring injection pressure has been based on animal models, even though the histological structure of periphery nerve is different for animal and human population, so the application pressure which presages intraneural injection in human population is still unknown. As material in performing this study there have been used 12 Wistar rats and 12 delivered stillborns. After bilateral access to the median nerve, we applied 3 ml of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, with the help of automatic syringe charger. The needle was at first placed perineural on one side, and then intraneural on the other side of both examination groups. During every application the pressure values were monitored using the manometer, and then they were analyzed by special software program BioBench. All perineural injections resulted with the pressure < or = 27.92 kPa, while the majority of intraneural injections were combined with the injectionpressure > or = 69.8 kPa. The difference between intraneural and perineural injection pressures for the two different examination groups (rats and delivered stillborns) was not statistically significant (P>0.05). As prevention from intraneural injections today are in use two methods: the method of causing paresthesia or the method of using the peripheral nerve stimulator. However the nerve injury can still occur, independent from the technique used. If our results are used in clinical practice on human population, than the high injection pressure could be the markerof intraneural lodging of a needle.

Combination of intraneural injection and high injection pressure leads to fascicular injury and neurologic deficits in dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admir Hadzic ◽  
Faruk Dilberovic ◽  
Shruti Shah ◽  
Amela Kulenovic ◽  
Eldan Kapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Injection ◽  
Neurologic Deficits ◽  
High Injection Pressure ◽  
Intraneural Injection

scholarly journals Detection of neurovascular structures using injection pressure in blockade of brachial plexus in rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilvana Vučković ◽  
Admir Hadžić ◽  
Faruk Dilberović ◽  
Amela Kulenović ◽  
Zakira Mornjaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Nerve Blockade ◽  
High Injection Pressure ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Neurovascular Structures

In the last few decades there has been a great development of regional anesthesia; all the postulates are defined and all the techniques of usage are perfected. However, like any other medical procedure, the block of brachial plexus carries a risk of certain unwanted complications, like possible intraneural and intravascular injections. The reason for great discrepancy between the injury of brachial plexus and other periphery nerves while performing the nerve blockade is the frequent usage of this block, but also the specific proximity of neurovascular structures in axilla. The purpose of this work is to determine the values of pressures which appear in paraneural, intraneural and intravascular injection applications of local anesthetic, and to compare those values in order to avoid cases of intraneural and in-travascular injections in clinical practice with consequential complications. In experimental study there have been used 12 Wistar rats of both genders. After anesthesia with ether and midhumeral access to the neurovascular structures in axilla, the injection of 2% lidocain with epinephrine was performed with the help of automatic syringe charger. The needle was at first placed paraneural, and then also intraneural and intravascular. During every application the pressure values were monitored using the manometer, and then they were analyzed by special software program. All paraneural injections resulted with the pressure between 13,96-27,92 kPa. The majority of intraneural injections were combined with the injection pressure greater than 69,8 kPa, while the intravascular injections were combined with injection pressure less than 6,98 kPa. Based on the available data it can be noticed that so far none of the methods of prevention from unwanted complications of regional anesthesia can insure the avoidance of intraneural and intravascular injection of local anesthetic. Based on our research it is obvious that the measuring of pressure during the nerve blockade is very important in order to decrease the risk of neurological and possible systematic complications. It is also clear that a small, mobile, and financially quite available apparatus for pressure measurement can help in differentiation between paraneural, intra-neural and intravascular injection. Avoiding high injection pressure prevents from lodging the needle into intraneural space, while avoiding a very low injection pressure prevents from lodging the needle into intravascular space followed by consequential complications. The usage of this apparatus can find its application in other blockades of periphery nerves, and in other branches of medicine as well.

Capaian pembangunan manusia: analisis komparatif Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriwati Adriwati
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Paradigm

Human development is a development paradigm that puts human (population) as the focus and final target of all development activities, namely the achievement of control over resources (income to achieve decent living), improvement of health status (long life and healthy life) and improve education. To see the success rate of human development, UNDP publishes an indicator of Human Development Index (HDI). This study discusses the achievements of human development that have been pursued by the government. The problem analyzed in this research is the difference of human development achievement in some provincial government in Indonesia. This paper aims to compare the achievements of human development in some provincial governments seen from the achievement of human development index of each province. Research location in Banten Province, West Java and DKI Jakarta.Keywords:Human Development Index, Human Development Achievement

A semi-hybrid model for malaria with limited superinfection

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 1027-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Picard
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Modelling malaria with consistency necessitates the introduction of at least two families of interconnected processes. Even in a Markovian context the simplest fully stochastic model is intractable and is usually transformed into a hybrid model, by supposing that these two families are stochastically independent and linked only through two deterministic connections. A model closer to the fully stochastic model is presented here, where one of the two families is subordinated to the other and just a unique deterministic connection is required. For this model a threshold theorem can be proved but the threshold level is not the one obtained in a hybrid model. The difference disappears only when the human population size approaches infinity.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FEEDBACK MECHANISM BETWEEN THE OVARY AND THE DIENCEPHALIC-HYPOPHYSIAL SYSTEM IN THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PRESL ◽  
J. HORSKÝ ◽  
M. HENZL ◽  
J. JIRÁSEK
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Investigation ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Golgi Zone ◽  
Mucoid Cells

SUMMARY With the object of obtaining basic information concerning the establishment of the feedback mechanism between the ovaries and the diencephalic-hypophysial system (DHS), changes in the gonadotrophic activity and histological structure of the anterior pituitary lobe were determined in groups of rats 21 days following ovariectomy on the day of birth or at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 days. It was shown that the gonadotrophic activity of the hypophysis of spayed females and non-spayed controls differed using the criterion of uterine weight of the recipient, following ovariectomy at birth. After spaying at the age of 5 days the difference was also statistically significant using the criterion of ovarian weight. Histological investigation showed that in animals ovariectomized at days 1 and 5 there was an increase in PAS-positive mucoid cells in the adenohypophysis with a distinct PAS-positive Golgi zone in the pale centre of the cytoplasm. The results of these experiments show that a feedback mechanism between the ovaries and the DHS becomes established at an age between (21–x) and (26–x) days, where x is the period necessary for the development of demonstrable post-castration changes in the anterior lobe. In view of the reported initiation of ovarian oestrogen production, the hypothesis is discussed that the feedback mechanism begins to function during very early post-natal life.

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