scholarly journals Impact of vegetation zones on soil phosphorus distribution in Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Liu Pingping ◽  
Ren Huarui ◽  
Zhang Yiling ◽  
Wu Tiantian ◽  
Zheng Chunli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soil phosphorus (P) fraction distribution and correlation at different soil depths along vegetation succession in wetland next to a lake in the Hongjiannao National Nature Reserve, China were studied using the Hedley fraction method. The overall trend for soil P content was calcium-bound P (Ca-P) > organic P (O-P) > aluminum/iron-bound P (Al/Fe-P) > labile-P (L-P). Ca-P and O-P were the predominant P forms in all the soil layers, representing on average 53.8‒84.9% and 12.9‒45.2% of the total P, respectively, whereas L-P (ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) was less than 1%. The soil in the Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula vegetation zones had the largest P contents. In these two vegetation zones, soil L-P was greatest in the surface soil layer; Al/Fe-P was most abundant in the deep layer; O-P was highest in the middle layer. Ca-P levels were generally similar across all soil layers. Regression analysis showed that distribution of P was highly correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen and plant biomass. Results showed that the soils under Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula have considerable carbon input potentials, which would facilitate P mineralization as compared to other plants.

Soil factors determined nematode community composition in a two year pot experiment

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Griffiths ◽  
Roy Neilson ◽  
A. Glyn Bengough
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Variable Water

Abstract Two similar, sandy loam soils from the same geographical region but with distinct nematode communities were used to determine the extent to which water, soil and inoculum factors affected nematode community structure. Treatments were established in pots containing a middle layer of frozen defaunated soil, sandwiched between an inoculum that was either fresh soil from the same site ('self') or a mixture of soils to give a more diverse inoculum ('mixed'). During year 2, half the pots were watered at regular intervals while the other half received only rainfall. For individual nematode taxa, soil layer and watering regime were the main factors discriminating between treatments, while initial inoculum had a larger influence than soil type. Acrobeloides was most affected by the watering regime, being more abundant under variable water conditions, whereas Hoplolaimidae, Longidorus and Pratylenchus were more abundant in deeper soil layers in contrast to other taxa. For the community as a whole, when analysed by principal component analysis, soil factors clearly influenced composition and also indicated that the biological properties of the soils were important.

Environmental risk indicators for soil phosphorus status

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Highly Correlated

Biologically available phosphorus (P) is divided operationally into two sources, dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable particulate P (BPP). Dilute CaCl2-extractable soil P (CaCl2-P) is considered to be the benchmark method for estimating DRP in soils, whereas P desorbed to iron-oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) is the benchmark method for BPP in soils and sediments. Neither of these methods is in routine use in Australia. Selected soil P analyses were carried out on 31 diverse surface soils to develop relationships between the environmental benchmark methods and the routine soil P tests of Colwell-P, Olsen-P, and the single-point P buffer index (PBI). The index (Colwell-P/PBI) was highly correlated with CaCl2-P (r = 0.925, P < 0.001), and both Olsen-P and Colwell-P were highly correlated with FeO-P (r = 0.955 and 0.828, respectively; P < 0.001). It is suggested that these measures can be used as environmental risk indicators for soil P status. The critical values of these measures for optimum productivity were compared to the values of these measures corresponding to threshold values of currently used environmental risk indicators.

scholarly journals Effect of introducing frogs and fish on soil phosphorus availability dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in paddy fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaimiao Lin ◽  
Jianping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Rice Fish

AbstractThe long-term impacts of introducing frogs and fish on rice yield and soil P availability are largely underestimated and undervalued. A 9-year field experiment compared the soil phosphorus fraction dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in rice-frog-fish (RFF) cultures, rice-fish (RF) cultures and rice-only (RO) cultures in southeastern China paddy fields. The yields in the RFF and RF cultures were notably higher than those in the RO culture, by 22.1% and 6.8%, respectively. Soil total P ranged from 345.5 to 385.6 mg kg−1 among all the farming systems, with the smallest amount found in the RO culture. There were only slight changes in the distribution of soil phosphorus fractions with time. The concentrations of NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po were significantly higher in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture, and most of the NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po fractions were greater in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture. The rice grain yield was significantly correlated with labile P and slowly cycling P. Introducing frogs and fish might be useful for increasing soil active P supplies and meeting rice nutrient requirements. This study concluded that RFF is the best practice for improving rice grain yields and soil fertility in paddy fields.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus fractions in an apple orchard with different weed managements

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e3449108767
Author(s):  
Andria Paula Lima ◽  
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Labile P

The presence of weeds in apple orchards affects the dynamics of nutrients in the soil, including phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in distribution of P fractions in the soil of an apple orchard under different weed managements. The experiment was conducted in an apple orchard in the municipality of Urubici, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The following treatments were implemented in 2011: no weed management (NWM), desiccation of weeds in the apple-tree row (DR), and hoeing of weeds in the apple-tree row (HR). Soil samples of the 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm layers were collected in the apple-tree rows at 24 months after the implementation of the experiment. The samples were subjected to chemical fractionation of P, obtaining the following fractions: PiAER, PiNaHCO3, PoNaHCO3, PiNaOH, PoNaOH, PiHCl, PiNaOH05, PoNaOH05, and Presidual. The presence of weeds increased the contents of the following soil P fractions in the surface layers: PiAER, PiNaHCO3, and PoNaHCO3, which are bioavailable to plants. A higher proportion of organic forms of P in the soil was found when the weeds were hoed; these fractions can be mineralized and used for nutrition of apple trees when labile P forms are exhausted.

scholarly journals Deep soil C and N pools in long-term fenced and overgrazed temperate grasslands in northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Li ◽  
Hong-Bin Ma ◽  
Ying-Zhong Xie ◽  
Kai-Bo Wang ◽  
Kai-Yang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Fencing for grazing exclusion has been widely found to have an impact on grassland soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN), but little is known about the impact of fenced grassland on the changes in deep soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks in temperate grasslands. We studied the influence of 30 years fencing on vegetation and deep soil characteristics (0–500 cm) in the semi-arid grasslands of northern China. The results showed that fencing significantly increased the aboveground biomass (AGB), litter biomass (LB), total biomass, vegetation coverage and height, and soil water content and the SOC and TN in the deep soil. The belowground biomass (BGB) did not significantly differ between the fenced and grazed grassland. However, fencing significantly decreased the root/shoot ratio, forbs biomass, pH, and soil bulk density. Meanwhile, fencing has significantly increased the C and N stocks in the AGB and LB but not in the BGB. After 30 years of fencing, the C and N stocks significantly increased in the 0–500 cm soil layer. The accumulation of SOC mainly occurred in the deep layers (30–180 cm), and the accumulation of TN occurred in the soil layers of 0 to 60 cm and 160 to 500 cm. Our results indicate that fencing is an effective way to improve deep soil C and N stocks in temperate grassland of northwest China. There were large C and N stocks in the soil layers of 100 to 500 cm in the fenced grasslands, and their dynamics should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Grazing Systems to Retain and Redistribute Soil Phosphorus and to Reduce Phosphorus Losses in Runoff

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Anish Subedi ◽  
Dorcas Franklin ◽  
Miguel Cabrera ◽  
Amanda McPherson ◽  
Subash Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

A study of phosphorus accumulation and mobility was conducted in eight pastures in the Georgia piedmont, USA. We compared two potential grazing treatments: strategic-grazing (STR) and continuous-grazing-with-hay-distribution (CHD) from 2015 (Baseline) to 2018 (Post-Treatment) for (1) distribution of Mehlich-1 Phosphorus (M1P) in soil and (2) dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total Kjeldahl phosphorus (TKP) in runoff water. STR included rotational grazing, excluding erosion vulnerable areas, and cattle-lure management using movable equipment (hay-rings, shades, and waterers). After three years of treatment, M1P had significantly accrued 6- and 5-fold in the 0–5 cm soil layer and by 2- and 1.6-fold in the 5–10 cm layer for CHD and STR, respectively, compared to Baseline M1P. In STR exclusions, M1P also increased to 10 cm depth post-treatment compared to Baseline. During Post-Treatment, TKP runoff concentrations were 21% and 29% lower, for CHD and STR, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2015. Hot Spot Analysis, a spatial clustering tool that utilizes Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, revealed no change in Post-Treatment CHD pastures, while hotspots in STR pastures had moved from low-lying to high-lying areas. Exclusion vegetation retained P and reduced bulk density facilitating vertical transportation of P deeper into the soil, ergo, soil P was less vulnerable to export in runoff, retained in the soil for forage utilization and reduced export of P to aquatic systems

EFFECT OF AVAILABLE SOIL PHOSPHORUS ON YIELDS AND RESPONSE OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS TO FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS IN THE FIELD

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MUNRO ◽  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total P ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus

The Morgan method, of the four methods studied, gave the best indication of availability of soil phosphorus for Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC, Jade Cross). Control plot yields were highly correlated with available soil phosphorus by the Morgan method (r = 0.55, [Formula: see text]) and increased by about 1.3 metric tons of sprouts/ha for each 1 ppm increase in available soil phosphorus. Maximum yields were obtained by the application of 117 kg P/ha on soils testing less than 1.5 ppm P. No response to applied phosphorus occurred at soil-P levels greater than 5.0 ppm. Leaf-tissue phosphorus concentrations generally increased with increasing rates of applied phosphorus. Tissue phosphorus concentrations of control plot leaf samples were not related to control plot yields, but were significantly related to available soil phosphorus. Phosphorus deficiency was indicated when leaf tissue from unfertilized plants contained less than 0.35% total P, but some responses to applied phosphorus did occur when unfertilized plants contained up to 0.60% total P in the tissue.

scholarly journals Phosphate Sources and Their Placement Affecting Soil Phosphorus Pools in Sugarcane

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdevan Rosendo dos Santos ◽  
Amin Soltangheisi ◽  
Henrique Junqueira Franco ◽  
Oriel Kolln ◽  
André Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Labile P

Phosphate fertilizer placement at sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) establishment can strongly influence the distribution of soil P pools over crop cycles, and has a great influence in the availability of this nutrient to plant uptake. Our main objective was to evaluate sugarcane yield as well as changes in the distribution of soil P pools, under phosphate fertilizer sources and their management, over two years of sugarcane cultivation. The experiment was established in August 2013 with two phosphate sources (TSP (triple superphosphate) and RP (Bayovar rock phosphate)) and three application methods: as broadcast, at planting furrow and combining half broadcast/half plant furrow, all at the rate of 180 kg ha−1 soluble P2O5 being applied at crop establishment. Sugarcane yield and P uptake was evaluated, and soil was sampled after harvest in August 2015 to analyze P fractions. Substantial amounts of P derived from fertilizers were accumulated as inorganic and/or organic moderately labile P. Broadcast application of TSP was not able to enhance total P in 0–40 cm layer compared to control treatment. In general, TSP was more effective to supply P for sugarcane and keep more of this nutrient in all labile fractions in the soil. However, the potential residual effect of RP (Ca-P) is expected in the following years, slowly solubilizing over the time.

scholarly journals Comparison of soil phosphorus and phosphatase activity under long-term no-tillage and maize residue management

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhu Yang ◽  
Xuelian Bao ◽  
Yali Yang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Available P ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Available P

The migration and transformation of soil phosphorus (P) are essential for agricultural productivity and environmental security but have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. A 10-year field study was conducted to explore the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage with maize residue management (NT-0, NT-33%, NT-67% and NT-100%) on P contents and phosphatase activities in soil layers (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–40 cm). The results showed that soil available P content and phosphatase activities were higher in no-tillage with maize residue than CT. Soil moisture and pH were significantly positively correlated with soil available P. Higher organic P contents and lower inorganic P contents in the 0–5 cm soil layer were found in the treatment NT-67% compared with other treatments. According to the structure equation model, the source of available P was inorganic P in NT-33%, while organic P in NT-67%. This study demonstrated that the variation of dominant mechanisms involved in soil P migration and transformation were dependent on residue input amounts, and NT-67% might play an important role in the maintenance and transformation of soil organic P.

Variable soil phosphorus effects on nitrogen nutrition, abundance and associated carbon costs of a savanna legume, Vachellia sieberiana grown in soils from varying altitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
N. Makhaye ◽  
A. J. Valentine ◽  
Z. Tsvuura ◽  
A. O. Aremu ◽  
A. Magadlela
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. is a leguminous indigenous tree that occurs in savannas of southern and tropical Africa. The tree is known to tolerate frost, which possibly accounts for its presence in in high-altitude areas. However, there is less abundance of this tree in high-altitude areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate if variation in soil phosphorus affected the tree growth and nitrogen nutrition, consequently reducing its abundance in high-altitude areas. Seeds of V. sieberiana were germinated and grown in the greenhouse in soils collected from three sites in the Van Reenen Pass area of KwaZulu-Natal Province (i.e. Zandspruit, altitude 1165 m; Wyford, altitude 1326 m; and Waterfall, altitude 1697 m). These sites had different V. sieberiana tree abundance, soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) nutrient concentrations. Although the nodulating rhizobia (Mesorhizobium sp.) in V. sieberiana root nodules were similar regardless of the differences in altitude as well as P and N concentrations, the total plant biomass and N source nutrition was altered. In this regard, V. sieberiana saplings grown in glasshouse conditions and in soils collected from Zandspruit accumulated more biomass, and relied on both atmospheric derived N and soil derived N. In addition, these V. sieberiana saplings had a higher total P and N concentration. The saplings grown in the Waterfall soil which had the lowest P and N concentration, relied equally on both atmospheric- and soil- derived N, and had an increased specific N utilisation rates and carbon construction costs compared with saplings grown in soils from the other two sites. The variation in soil P and N nutrient with increasing altitude affected growth and N source preference.

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