Variable soil phosphorus effects on nitrogen nutrition, abundance and associated carbon costs of a savanna legume, Vachellia sieberiana grown in soils from varying altitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
N. Makhaye ◽  
A. J. Valentine ◽  
Z. Tsvuura ◽  
A. O. Aremu ◽  
A. Magadlela
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. is a leguminous indigenous tree that occurs in savannas of southern and tropical Africa. The tree is known to tolerate frost, which possibly accounts for its presence in in high-altitude areas. However, there is less abundance of this tree in high-altitude areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate if variation in soil phosphorus affected the tree growth and nitrogen nutrition, consequently reducing its abundance in high-altitude areas. Seeds of V. sieberiana were germinated and grown in the greenhouse in soils collected from three sites in the Van Reenen Pass area of KwaZulu-Natal Province (i.e. Zandspruit, altitude 1165 m; Wyford, altitude 1326 m; and Waterfall, altitude 1697 m). These sites had different V. sieberiana tree abundance, soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) nutrient concentrations. Although the nodulating rhizobia (Mesorhizobium sp.) in V. sieberiana root nodules were similar regardless of the differences in altitude as well as P and N concentrations, the total plant biomass and N source nutrition was altered. In this regard, V. sieberiana saplings grown in glasshouse conditions and in soils collected from Zandspruit accumulated more biomass, and relied on both atmospheric derived N and soil derived N. In addition, these V. sieberiana saplings had a higher total P and N concentration. The saplings grown in the Waterfall soil which had the lowest P and N concentration, relied equally on both atmospheric- and soil- derived N, and had an increased specific N utilisation rates and carbon construction costs compared with saplings grown in soils from the other two sites. The variation in soil P and N nutrient with increasing altitude affected growth and N source preference.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Greenhouse Pepper. II. Effects of Nitrogen Concentration and NO3: NH4 Ratio on Growth, Transpiration, and Nutrient Uptake

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bar-Tal ◽  
B. Aloni ◽  
L. Karni ◽  
R. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Canopy Nitrogen

The objective of this research was to study the effects of N concentration and N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution on growth, transpiration, and nutrient uptake of greenhouse-grown pepper in a Mediterranean climate. The experiment included five total N levels (0.25 to 14 mmol·L-1, with a constant N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio of 4) and five treatments of different N-NO3: N-NH4 ratios (0.25 to 4, with a constant N concentration of 7 mmol·L-1). Plants were grown in an aero-hydroponic system in a climate-controlled greenhouse. The optimum N concentrations for maximum stem and leaf dry matter (DM) production were in the range of 8.0 to 9.2 mmol·L-1. The optimum N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio for maximal stem DM production was 3.5. The optimum value of N concentration for total fruit DM production was 9.4 mmol·L-1. Fruit DM production increased linearly with increasing N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in the range studied. The N concentration, but not N source, affected leaf chlorophyll content. Shorter plants with more compacted canopies were obtained as the N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio decreased. The effect of N concentration on transpiration was related to its effect on leaf weight and area, whereas the effect of a decreasing N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in reducing transpiration probably resulted from the compacted canopy. Nitrogen uptake increased as the N concentration in the solution increased. Decreasing the N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio increased the N uptake, but sharply decreased the uptake of cations, especially Ca.

scholarly journals Variations of leaf N, P concentrations in shrubland biomes across northern China: phylogeny, climate and soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 18973-18998 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yang ◽  
X. Chi ◽  
C. Ji ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
W. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract. Concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key leaf traits in ecosystem functioning and dynamics. Foliar stoichiometry varies remarkably among life forms. However, previous studies have focused on trees and grasses, leaving the knowledge gap for the stoichiometric patterns of shrubs. In this study, we explored the intra- and interspecific variations of leaf N and P concentration in relation to climate, soil property and evolutionary history based on 1486 samples composed of 163 shrub species from 361 shrubland sites in northern China expanding 46.1° (86.7–132.8° E) in longitude and 19.8° (32.6–52.4° N) in latitude. The results showed that leaf N concentration decreased with precipitation, leaf P concentration decreased with temperature and increased with precipitation and soil P concentration. Both leaf N and P concentrations were phylogenetically conserved, but leaf P concentration was less conserved than leaf N concentration. At community level, climates explained more interspecific, while soil nutrient explained more intraspecific, variation of leaf nutrient concentrations. These results suggested that leaf N and P concentrations responded to climate, soil, and phylogeny in different ways. Climate influenced the community chemical traits through the shift in species composition, whereas soil directly influenced the community chemical traits.

scholarly journals Pronounced surface stratification of soil phosphorus, potassium and sulfur under pastures upstream of a eutrophic wetland and estuarine system

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Mark Tibbett ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
David Bicknell ◽  
Phillip Brookes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Extractable Soil

High concentrations of nutrients in surface soil present a risk of nutrient movement into waterways through surface water pathways and leaching. Phosphorus (P) is of particular concern because of its role in aquatic system eutrophication. We measured nutrients under annual pastures on a beef farm and a dairy farm in the Peel–Harvey catchment, Western Australia. Soils were sampled in 10-mm increments to 100mm depth in March, June and September. Plant litter contained approximately 300–550mg kg–1 Colwell-extractable P. Extractable soil P was strongly stratified, being approximately 100–225mg kg–1 (dairy) and 50–110mg kg–1 (beef) in the top 10mm and <40mg kg–1 at 40–50mm depth. Total P and extractable potassium were also highly stratified, whereas sulfur was less strongly stratified. Shoot nutrient concentrations indicated that nitrogen was often limiting and sulfur was sometimes limiting for pasture growth: concentrations of P were often much greater than required for adequate growth (>4mg g–1). We conclude that high P concentrations at the soil surface and in litter and shoots are a source of risk for movement of P from farms into waterways in the Peel–Harvey catchment.

scholarly journals Low-Altitude Boundary of Abies faxoniana Is More Susceptible to Long-Term Open-Top Chamber Warming in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Song ◽  
Qingquan Han ◽  
Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Open Top Chamber ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Abies Faxoniana ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Different Altitudes

With global climate change, for evaluating warming effect on subalpine forest distribution, the substantial effects of long-term warming on tree growth and soil nutrients need to be explored. In this study, we focused on different responses in the boundaries of trees and soils to warming. Using the open-top chamber (OTC), a 10-year artificial warming experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of warming on Abies faxoniana at three different altitudes. We determined metabolites and nutrient concentrations in needles of A. faxoniana and characterized the soil chemistries. Many kinds of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids showed higher contents at high altitude (3,500 m) compared with low altitude (2,600 m), which could have been due to the temperature differences. Warming significantly decreased needle sugar and amino acid concentrations at high altitude but increased them at low altitude. These results indicated contrasting physiological and metabolic responses of A. faxoniana to long-term warming at different altitudes. Furthermore, we found that OTC warming significantly increased the concentrations of soil extractable sodium, aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn), while decreased potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and pH values at low altitude rather than at middle (3,000 m) or high altitude. The soil carbon and nitrogen contents were increased only at the middle altitude. In A. faxoniana at low altitudes, more mineral nutrients iron, K, and P were demand, and a mass of Al, Mn, and zinc was accumulated under warming. Soil P limitation and heavy metals accumulation are disadvantageous for trees at low altitudes with warming. Therefore, compared with high altitudes, A. faxoniana growing at low boundary in alpine regions is expected to be more susceptible to warming.

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on Douglas-fir nursery growth and survival after outplanting

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Concentration

A 5N × 5P factorial fertilizer experiment was conducted on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed beds at Campbell River nursery on northern Vancouver Island. Nutrient concentrations were measured in soil and seedlings. After 2 years of growth, trees were lifted from each treatment in mid-November and again in mid-February for storage. All were planted out in April and grown for 2 years. Seedling dry weight and height in the nursery were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment, but not by P fertilizer, although seedling tissue P concentrations were low (0.09-0.17%) and available soil P was significantly increased by treatment. Largest seedlings resulted from application of 50-75 kg N/ha during the 1st year of growth and 100-150 kg N/ha during the 2nd year. Seedling dry weight was correlated with tissue N concentration (r = 0.73-0.75) and greatest dry weight was associated with a 1-0 shoot N or a 2-0 foliar N concentration of 2%. Survival and height 2 years after planting out were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment in the nursery, and the nursery treatments resulting in largest seedlings yielded the highest survival and height. However the N concentration of 2-0 seedlings was not closely correlated with survival or height, and shoot dry weight was the most useful nursery measurement for predicting these values (r = 0.49). Fertilization did not affect cold hardiness and hardiness of trees was essentially the same at both lifting dates. Survival at 2 years after planting was unaffected by lifting date.

Roles of Carbon Gain and Allocation in Growth at Different Nitrogen Nutrition in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus globulus Seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Efficiency Rate ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Potted Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus seedlings were grown in sand with added mineral nutrients. Mineral nitrogen was added, either (1) only a small initial quantity (N1) or (2) regularly (N2). Other nutrients were supplied regularly to both treatments. Biomass increment and nutrient concentrations of organs and gas exchange of leaves were measured. Growth, foliage area, and foliar N concentration changed little in N1 seedlings, all increased exponentially in N2 seedlings. Partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen was unaffected by ontogeny or treatment in E. globulus, but changed with time in E. camaldulensis. Within a treatment biomass increase was similar for both species, but foliar biomass and area, total foliar N, and response of carbon assimilation to foliar N were greater in E. globulus. Effects of these on carbon assimilation were partly offset by higher foliar N concentrations in E. camaldulensis. Comparative growth rates of the species were not related to leaf area. Carbon assimilation and diffusive conductance were linearly related with different relationships for the two treatments. Intercellular partial pressures of CO2 were constant at c. 300 and 220 μPa Pa-1 in N1 and N2 treatments of both species. This indicates a controlling mechanism that maintained intercellular CO2 constant, but was affected by treatment. Instantaneous potential assimilatory transpiration efficiency [(rate of carbon assimilation)/(rate of transpiration)] and instantaneous potential assimilatory nitrogen use efficiency [(rate of carbon assimilation)/(N content)] of leaves (at saturating light) were similar in the two species and showed treatment effects apparently not caused by foliar N concentration. These efficiencies were generally high compared to values published for woody plants. A simple model illustrates the importance in predicting growth of accurately knowing: foliage mass, partitioning of biomass to foliage, and rates of carbon assimilation. Effects of small differences in carbon assimilation on biomass increment are shown to be potentially large because they can cause accumulation of large differences in foliar mass.

scholarly journals Impact of vegetation zones on soil phosphorus distribution in Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Liu Pingping ◽  
Ren Huarui ◽  
Zhang Yiling ◽  
Wu Tiantian ◽  
Zheng Chunli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soil phosphorus (P) fraction distribution and correlation at different soil depths along vegetation succession in wetland next to a lake in the Hongjiannao National Nature Reserve, China were studied using the Hedley fraction method. The overall trend for soil P content was calcium-bound P (Ca-P) &gt; organic P (O-P) &gt; aluminum/iron-bound P (Al/Fe-P) &gt; labile-P (L-P). Ca-P and O-P were the predominant P forms in all the soil layers, representing on average 53.8‒84.9% and 12.9‒45.2% of the total P, respectively, whereas L-P (ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) was less than 1%. The soil in the Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula vegetation zones had the largest P contents. In these two vegetation zones, soil L-P was greatest in the surface soil layer; Al/Fe-P was most abundant in the deep layer; O-P was highest in the middle layer. Ca-P levels were generally similar across all soil layers. Regression analysis showed that distribution of P was highly correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen and plant biomass. Results showed that the soils under Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula have considerable carbon input potentials, which would facilitate P mineralization as compared to other plants.

scholarly journals Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on rice-herbivore interactions are soil-dependent

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Bernaola ◽  
Michael J. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Water

Abstract The effect of soil type on establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and their effects on plant growth and resistance to rice pests are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculation with AM fungi on rice plants in two different unsterilized field soils under greenhouse and field conditions in two consecutive years in Louisiana, United States. We tested whether inoculation with AM fungi in the two soils changed plant biomass, nutrient concentration, resistance to pests, and yields. Inoculation with a commercial formulation of AM fungi increased root colonization by fungi in all soils, regardless of soil P availability; it also increased densities of root-feeding rice water weevil larvae and growth of leaf-feeding fall armyworm larvae, but these effects were soil-dependent. Inoculation with AM fungi had no effect on N and P concentrations or rice yields. The effect on plant biomass was also soil-dependent. Our study provides evidence for the first time that inoculation with AM fungi can increase colonization of roots of rice plants, but the effects of colonization on resistance to pests and plant biomass appear to be soil dependent. Moreover, the increased susceptibility to pests of rice colonized by AM fungi does not appear to be related to nutrient concentrations.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

scholarly journals Aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Takahashi ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Akira Yamawo
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Plant Communication ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

AbstractAboveground communication between plants is well known to change defense traits in leaves, but its effects on belowground plant traits and soil characteristics have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis via induction of bactericidal chemical defense substances and changes the soil nutrient environment. Soybean plants were exposed to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from damaged shoots of Solidago canadensis var. scabra, and leaf defense traits (total phenolics, saponins), root saponins, and root nodule symbiosis traits (number and biomass of root nodules) were measured. Soil C/N ratios and mineral concentrations were also measured to estimate the effects of resource uptake by the plants. We found that total phenolics were not affected. However, plants that received VOCs had higher saponin concentrations in both leaves and roots, and fewer root nodules than untreated plants. Although the concentrations of soil minerals did not differ between treatments, soil C/N ratio was significantly higher in the soil of communicated plants. Thus, the aboveground plant-to-plant communication led to reductions in root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations. Our results suggest that there are broader effects of induced chemical defenses in aboveground plant organs upon belowground microbial interactions and soil nutrients, and emphasize that plant response based on plant-to-plant communications are a bridge between above- and below-ground ecosystems.

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