scholarly journals  Impact of glucogenic additive in transition dairy cow diets of varying ruminal starch degradability on yield and composition of milk and reproductive parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matras ◽  
R. Klebaniuk ◽  
E. Kowalczuk-Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Milk Level

&nbsp;A two-factorial experiment was carried out on 6 groups (10 animals each) of Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows in the transition period to determine the effect of glucogenic additive (GA) to the diets containing grains of varied ruminal starch degradation on cow performance. The animals from 3 control groups (C-groups) were fed the diets without any additive, whereas 3 other, experimental ones (A-groups) received the diets with additive of glucogenic preparation (450 g per head/day) comprising calcium propionate and loose propylene glycol (1 : 1). In the control groups as well as in the experimental ones, three analogical treatments, differing in concentrate composed of grain species of varying ruminal degradability of starch, i.e. maize (M) &ndash; low ruminal degradability, barley and wheat (BW) &ndash; high ruminal degradability and marriage of them (MBW) were conducted. Finally, the treatments were: C-M, C-BW, C-MBW, A-M, A-BW, and A-MBW. The rations of all groups based on maize silage, haylage, and meadow hay were mixed at 69 : 19 : 12 ratio (dry matter (DM) basis) and given ad libitum. Besides, all the animals received adequate concentrate rations to satisfy their nutritional requirements. The experiment started two weeks before the expected parturition and lasted till the 6<sup>th</sup> lactation week. Neither GA nor a type of grain in the diets showed significant negative influence on DM intake. A glucogenic additive has positively affected some basal nutrient digestibility, elevating significantly DM and crude protein (CP) coefficients of the apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD), by about 3 percentage points. The GA &times; grain interactions (P &le; 0.05) in CATTD of CP and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were stated, with the peak values reported in the A-BW treatment. GA increased (P &le; 0.05) daily milk yield by nearly 5% in comparison with the control treatments. GA &times; grain interaction was noted with the best effect in the treatment where GA was given along with maize-barley-wheat-based concentrate. Besides, the glucogenic additive decreased (P &le; 0.05) protein (PDI) expenditure per 1 kg of fat-corrected milk (FCM) by ca. 6% and raised (by 0.15 percentage point in week 6) protein content, while lowered the urea milk level in weeks 3 and 6 of lactation by approximately 15%. It showed beneficial effect on cow reproductive indicators reducing the time interval from calving to successful insemination and improving insemination index. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals The effect of diminazene aceturate on cholinesterase activity in dogs with canine babesiosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Milner ◽  
F. Reyers ◽  
J.H. Taylor ◽  
J.S. Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of diminazene aceturate and its stabiliser antipyrine on serum pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC AChE) in dogs with babesiosis. The trial was conducted on naturally occurring, uncomplicated cases of babesiosis (n = 20) that were randomly allocated to groups receiving a standard therapeutic dose of diminazene aceturate with antipyrine stabiliser (n = 10) or antipyrine alone (n = 10). Blood was drawn immediately before and every 15 minutes for 1 hour after treatment. Plasma PChE showed a 4 % decrease between 0 and 60 min within the treatment group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any of the time intervals for PChE. There was an increase in RBC AChE activity at 15 min in the treatment group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any time interval for RBC AChE. In view of the difference in PChE, samples from additional, new cases (n = 10) of canine babesiosis were collected to identify the affect of the drug over 12 hours. No significant depression was identified over this time interval. The results suggests that the underlying mechanism in producing side-effects, when they do occur, is unlikely to be through cholinesterase depression.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the Use of Aerial Photographs in the Protection of Agricultural Soil Fund

Geografie ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Lipský
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Soil Wetting

The author considers two main processes showing a negative influence on the quality and use of agricultural soils, namely water erosion and wetting. The paper treats of general advantages of aerial photographs. Practical examples are presented of direct and indirect interpretation of erosion phenomena and soil wetting by means of black-and-white, multispectral and infrared aerial photographs. In the conclusion, the main spheres of the problem of the soil fund protection are dealt with. Most of these problems could be solved by the application of aerial photographs.

Sleep late? Pre-reform institutional embeddedness and entrepreneurial reinvestment of private firms in China’s transition economy

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Song ◽  
Aiqi Wu ◽  
Xiaotong Zhong ◽  
Shufan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Embeddedness

Purpose This study aims to introduce an important temporal dimension to the research on institution and entrepreneurship in the transition period. This study develops the concept of pre-reform institutional embeddedness, and explores its impact on entrepreneurial reinvestment of private firms in China’s transition economy. Design/methodology/approach The authors used secondary data of a nationally representative sample of China’s private firms collected in the early days of the institutional transition period and applied ordinary least squares regressions and the Baron and Kenny approach to test the theoretical model. Findings Pre-reform institutional embeddedness has a negative impact on entrepreneurial reinvestment of private firms in the transition period. This relationship is mediated by guanxi-induced employment, such that pre-reform institutional embeddedness promotes guanxi-induced employment, which in turn discourages a private firm to reinvest. Additionally, the negative impact of guanxi-induced employment on entrepreneurial reinvestment is reduced when decentralization of decision-making is used. Practical implications First, entrepreneurs should be aware of pre-reform institutional embeddedness’ negative influence on firms’ risk-taking abilities and incentives. Private firms already constrained by this connection could alleviate the negative impacts through a widespread delegation of decision-making authority. Second, policymakers should be cautious about improper government-business relationships, which may discourage private firms from fully pursuing entrepreneurial growth opportunities. Originality/value This paper makes theoretical contributions to the literature on entrepreneurial reinvestment, embeddedness perspective of entrepreneurship and imprinting theory.

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive AC Joint Reconstruction System (MINAR®) in Modified Triple-Button Technique for the Treatment of Acute AC Joint Dislocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Breuer ◽  
Alexandra Unterrainer ◽  
Micha Komjati ◽  
Thomas M. Tiefenboeck ◽  
Klemens Trieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Constant Score ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ac Joint ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Horizontal Instability ◽  
Ac Joint Dislocation

Acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a frequent sports injury with more than 100 different operation methods described. A total of 65 patients with an acute AC joint dislocation were treated with the modified MINAR® system between 2009 and 2013. Clinical outcome, horizontal and vertical instability, as well as concomitant intraarticular injuries were assessed. We used Zanca, stress and axial X-rays for radiological assessment. A Constant score of 95 (±8.8), University of California Los Angeles Shoulder score (UCLA) of 31 (±4.9), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) of 9.1 (±14.3), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of 0.9 (±0.126) was found. A total of 30 patients (59%) had no signs of reduction loss, nine patients (18%) a slight loss, 11 patients (22%) a partial loss, and one patient (2%) a total loss. No significant influence on the clinical scores could be shown. The postoperative coracoclavicular (CC) distance negatively affected the Constant (p = 0.007) and UCLA scores (p = 0.035). A longer time interval to surgery had a negative influence on all scores (p ≤ 0.001). We could not find any signs of persistent horizontal instability or intraarticular injuries at follow-up. The MINAR® system promises satisfactory functional and radiological results. When setting the correct indication, patients benefit from an early operation. No persisting horizontal instability was observed following suturing of the AC capsule and the delta fascia.

scholarly journals Effect of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Stover dietary inclusion level on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ederson Américo Andrade ◽  
Miguel António Machado Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Ribeiro ◽  
Clayton Quirino Mendes ◽  
Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein

Although agro-industrial co-products have low economic value as foods for human consumption, they may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cowpea stover inclusion in rabbits’ diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. A total of 180 animals were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (CS0, CS2 or CS4, with no inclusion, 20 or 40 g/kg of cowpea stover, respectively). Animal performance was evaluated between the 53<sup>rd</sup> and 67<sup>th</sup> d of age in 48 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and gross energy were measured between 63 to 67 d of age in 12 animals per treatment. Results showed that, in general, CTTAD values were not affected by the inclusion of cowpea stover. Nevertheless, a trend towards a decrease in crude protein digestibility (<em>P</em>=0.0848) was observed when including cowpea stover. This had a negative influence on digestible protein (P=0.0240) and on the ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy (<em>P</em>=0.0231) for diet CS4. Rabbits showed normal figures for growth rate (on av. 46.8 g/d), feed intake (on av. 168.3 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (on av. 3.61). Future studies should assess the possibility of incorporating higher levels of cowpea stover while analysing the economic impact of this inclusion.

scholarly journals Magic Realism in African Literature: A Study on Selected Works of Ben Okri and Nadine Gordimer

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chandra Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Magical Realism ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Magic Realism ◽  
Black And White ◽  
African Writers ◽  
Ben Okri ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
A Site

This article examines the evolution of magical realism as a narrative style used by African writers throughout the transition period, and how it became increasingly suited to African literary sensibilities at the time. At the same time, magical realism relies heavily on African oral traditions, serving as a site of convergence for black and white writing under apartheid, as well as exemplifying the synthesis of Eurocentric Western logic and African tradition. This article discusses the possible origins of the proliferation of African texts embracing this narrative mode in the immediate aftermath of apartheid's demise, as well as the possible reasons for the gradual abandonment of magical realist narrative strategy in the post-millennial era, while discussing magic realism in relation to Ben Okri's and Nadine Gordimer's post-apartheid novels. As a consequence of the short cohabitation of the two literary forms in African literary history, African magical realism works will be located at the intersection of celebration and disillusionment literature.

scholarly journals Protection and Active Decontamination of Dairy Cattle Heifers against Lipophilic Toxins (PCBs) from Diet

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Alexander Sotnichenko ◽  
Elena Tsis ◽  
Magomed Chabaev ◽  
Vasily Duborezov ◽  
Alexander Kochetkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lipophilic Toxins ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Experimental Group

We studied the effects of a hydrophobized reversed-phase feed adsorbent in the form of a polyoctylated polysilicate hydrogel (POPSH) on productivity indicators, metabolic adaptation, and on the level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the blood of growing Holsteinized black-and-white heifers during the transition period. Two groups of two-month-old heifers of 20 head each were used. The experimental group received POPSH in addition to the main diet. The use of the adsorbent led to an increase in daily weight gain by 19.9% and to a decrease in the total concentration of PCB congeners found in whole blood by 40%. The greatest decrease in concentration (35–52%) was observed for tetra-, penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls. These results demonstrate the possibilities of effective protection of calves from lipophilic toxins of feed and their active decontamination.

Dietary supplementation with glucogenic precusors and fatty acids improves performance and health of periparturient dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Klebaniuk ◽  
G. Kochman ◽  
E. Kowalczuk-Vasilev ◽  
E. R. Grela ◽  
D. Kowalczyk-Pecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Study Results

This experiment aimed to make a comparison between the effect of a mix of two energy preparations (a glucogenic preparation (G) and a free fatty acid preparation (F)), administered in the diet during the transition period over different periods of time (5 or 8 weeks), on the animal condition, feed intake, yield and composition of milk, and blood and urine parameters. The experimental additive was a mixture (1:1) of two energy preparations, namely, a loose mixture of propylene glycol and sodium propionate and a free fatty acid preparation in the form of rumen-undegradable pellets. The study included 50 Polish Black-and-White Holstein–Friesian dairy cows, allocated into five treatment groups, including one control (C) and four experimental ones (G1F1, G2F2, G2F1 and G1F2). The preparations were mixed at a 1:1 weight ratio (500 g per head, comprising 250G and 250F) and they were administered to all experimental groups of cows daily as a component of the experimental concentrate for 5 weeks (from the 2nd week before the expected calving and until the 3rd week of lactation). From the 4th until the 6th week of lactation, the supplementation in the experimental groups changed and animals received either no additive (G1F1), or were continuously supplemented with the G–F mix (G2F2), or received only G (G2F1) or only F (G1F2). The preparations used in the study had a long-term influence on the increase in the milk yield of cows, on the improvement of their health condition, and on the reduction of weight loss. The study results confirmed that prolongation of the supplementation until the 6th week of lactation may cause favourable changes in animal performance and milk quality. Due to different modes of action, the simultaneous supplementation of G and F reduced the negative energy balance in the cow and improved milk production and composition. The best results were obtained after administration of the mixture (1:1) of the G and F at the dose of 500 g/cow.day over the 8-week periparturient period.

scholarly journals Recent changes in spring snowmelt timing in the Yukon River basin detected by passive microwave satellite data

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Semmens ◽  
J. M. Ramage
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Timing Variability ◽  
Yukon River Basin ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Spring melt is a significant feature of high latitude snowmelt dominated drainage basins influencing hydrological and ecological processes such as snowmelt runoff and green-up. Melt duration, defined as the transition period from snowmelt onset until the end of the melt refreeze, is characterized by high diurnal amplitude variations (DAV) where the snowpack is melting during the day and refreezing at night, after which the snowpack melts constantly until depletion. Determining trends for this critical period is necessary for understanding how the Arctic is changing with rising temperatures and provides a baseline from which to assess future change. To study this dynamic period, brightness temperature (Tb) data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) 37 V-GHz frequency from 1988 to 2010 were used to assess snowmelt timing trends for the Yukon River basin, Alaska/Canada. Annual Tb and DAV for 1434 Equal-Area Scalable Earth (EASE)-Grid pixels (25 km resolution) were processed to determine melt onset and melt refreeze dates from Tb and DAV thresholds previously established in the region. Temporal and spatial trends in the timing of melt onset and melt refreeze, and the duration of melt were analyzed for the 13 sub-basins of the Yukon River basin with three different time interval approaches. Results show a lengthening of the melt period for the majority of the sub-basins with a significant trend toward later end of melt refreeze after which the snowpack melts day and night leading to snow clearance, peak discharge, and green-up. Earlier melt onset trends were also found in the higher elevations and northernmost sub-basins (Porcupine, Chandalar, and Koyukuk rivers). Latitude and elevation displayed the dominant controls on melt timing variability and spring solar flux was highly correlated with melt timing in middle (∼600–1600 m) elevations.

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