scholarly journals Effect of nickel contamination on soil enzymatic activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wyszkowska ◽  
J. Kucharski ◽  
E. Boros
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
The Other ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of soil contamination with nickel applied in the doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg Ni/kg of soil on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase was studied in a pot experiment. Heavy loamy sand and silty light loam were used in the experiment that comprised of two series: with spring barley cultivation and without plant cultivation. The enzyme activity was determined on day 14, 28, 42 and 56 of the experiment. Based on the study, it was found that soil contamination with nickel applied as NiCl<sub>2</sub>.6 H<sub>2</sub>O decreased the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase. This decrease was determined by the applied dose of this metal. Nickel exhibited a stronger effect on the soil with spring barley cultivation than on the unsown soil. In the heavy loamy sand sown with spring barley, more than 50% inhibition of the activity of dehydrogenases was caused by 300&nbsp;and 400 mg Ni contamination, and in the case of urease by 200, 300 and 400 mg Ni/kg of soil. In the silty light loam sown with spring barley, more than 50% decrease in the activity of dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase was observed under 400 mg Ni contamination. The inhibition of the other enzyme activities did not exceed 50%. Urease and alkaline phosphatase exhibited a higher activity in the heavier soil, whereas dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase exhibited a higher activity in the lighter soil. In the nickel-free soil, spring barley cultivation had a positive effect on the enzyme activity and a positive correlation between the spring barley yield and the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase was observed.

FREEZING DAMAGE TO BOVINE CREAM INDICATED BY RELEASE OF ENZYMES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. N. Cole ◽  
D. Kluepfel ◽  
C. V. Lusena
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Main Effect

When washed cream was frozen slowly and thawed, some breaking of the emulsion occurred and on centrifugation a pellet, mostly membrane material, was obtained. Xanthine oxidase and alkaline phosphatase were present in this pellet, but little enzyme activity was found in the aqueous phase. The main effect of slow freezing was to force the fat globules together so that alteration and redistribution of the membranes could occur, and, on thawing, fat could coalesce. Rapid freezing on the other hand distributed fat globules more evenly so that less coalescence could occur on thawing.

FREEZING DAMAGE TO BOVINE CREAM INDICATED BY RELEASE OF ENZYMES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. N. Cole ◽  
D. Kluepfel ◽  
C. V. Lusena
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Main Effect

When washed cream was frozen slowly and thawed, some breaking of the emulsion occurred and on centrifugation a pellet, mostly membrane material, was obtained. Xanthine oxidase and alkaline phosphatase were present in this pellet, but little enzyme activity was found in the aqueous phase. The main effect of slow freezing was to force the fat globules together so that alteration and redistribution of the membranes could occur, and, on thawing, fat could coalesce. Rapid freezing on the other hand distributed fat globules more evenly so that less coalescence could occur on thawing.

Effects of Metal Poisoning on Five Liver Enzymes in the Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Jackim ◽  
Janice M. Hamlin ◽  
Stephen Sonis
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Liver Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Metal Poisoning

Activities of five liver enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, and ribonuclease) from Fundulus heteroclitus surviving exposure to 96-hr TLm concentrations of salts of six metals (lead, copper, mercury, beryllium, cadmium, and silver) differed markedly from those of unexposed fish. Changes in enzyme activity produced by the exposures were not necessarily the same in magnitude or direction as those observed when the salts were introduced directly into the enzyme preparations. It is proposed that changes in liver enzyme activity may be useful as a kind of biochemical autopsy tool for diagnosing sublethal metal poisoning in fish.

scholarly journals Activity of Enzymes in the Endometrium, Caruncles, and Uterine Rinsings of Progestogen-Treated and Naturally Cycling Ewes

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Murdoch ◽  
IG White
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The activity of several enzymes has been measured in the endometrium, caruncles, and uterine rinsings of ewes at various stages of the oestrous cycle. Ewes were either allowed to cycle naturally or were synchronized by progestogenimpregnated sponges inserted into the vagina. Most (86%) of the progestogentreated ewes came into oestrus 2 or 3 days after removal of the sponges, and the uterus contained higher levels of amylase and alkaline phosphatase than did naturally cycling ewes. Amylase, succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were maximal during the luteal phase of the cycle. Endometrial alkaline phosphatase activity followed the growth and retrogression of the corpus luteum more closely than that of the other enzymes studied.

scholarly journals Inter-relationship between number of microorganisms and spring barley yield and degree of soil contamination with copper

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kucharski ◽  
J. Wyszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Number

The purpose of the study has been to determine the effect of soil contamination with copper on the modification of microbial number and spring barley yield and to assess whether spores of actinomycete Streptomyces odorifer and Streptomyces viridis were used for detoxification of copper polluted soils. The tests were performed in a pot experiment, which was conducted on two types of soil: Eutric Cambisol soil derived from light loamy sand and Eutric Cambisol soil derived from light loam. The results showed that number of all analysed microorganisms was significantly negatively correlated with a degree of soil contamination by copper, but positively correlated with the yield of spring barley. In general, the adverse impact of copper on the development of oligotrophic bacteria and their spores, eutrophic bacteria and their spores as well as actinomycetes and fungi was much weaker in more compact (light loam) than lighter (light loamy sand) soil. Copper had a strong toxic effect on spring barley and significantly inhibits the growth and development of the plants. An inoculum containing spores of Streptomyces viridis and Streptomyces odorifer did not alleviate the negative response of spring barley to copper contamination of soil, although it had positive influence on the growth of some microorganisms.

Studies on phosphatase systems of cestodes I. Studies on Taenia pisiformis (Cysticercus and adult)

Parasitology ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Histochemical Tests

1. The phosphatases present in the adult and cysticercus stages of Taenia pisiformis have been investigated using histochemical and biochemical methods.2. Histochemical tests failed to demonstrate the sites of enzyme activity in the cysticercus.3. In the adult, the acid phosphatase is confined to the cuticle. Alkaline phosphatase occurs in the cuticle, subcuticular cells and the membranes bounding the ovary and vitelline tubules.4. The histochemical distribution is uneven along the length of the worm, both acid and alkaline phosphatase being predominant hi the region of ‘mature’ proglottides. The scolex was negative to both tests.5. Biochemical tests have demonstrated distinct acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cysticercus and adult stages. In the cysticercus the acid enzyme is predominant and in the adult it is the alkaline, implying a change in relative magnitude during the completion of the life cycle.6. pH-activity curves have been obtained for the enzymes of both stages.7. The results are discussed in relation to recent findings in the field of cestode enzymology, and it is suggested that these phosphatases may be associated with active transport of materials across the cuticle and ovarian and vitelline membranes.

The Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio: The Case of the Vietnamese Banking System in the Period 2011-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Positive Effect

The analysis of a data set of observation for Vietnamese banks in period from 2011 - 2015 shows how Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is influenced by selected factors: asset of the bank SIZE, loans in total asset LOA, leverage LEV, net interest margin NIM, loans lost reserve LLR, Cash and Precious Metals in total asset LIQ. Results indicate based on data that NIM, LIQ have significant effect on CAR. On the other hand, SIZE and LEV do not appear to have significant effect on CAR. Variables NIM, LIQ have positive effect on CAR, while variables LLR and LOA are negatively related with CAR.

The Effects of Online Assignments and Weekly Deadlines on Student Outcomes in a Macroeconomics Course

2020 ◽  
pp. 056943452096825
Author(s):  
Laurie A. Miller ◽  
James R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Student Retention ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Online Assignments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Jel Classifications

This study examined how weekly, externally set deadlines affected the completion of adaptive learning assignments and student outcomes in an introductory macroeconomics course. We imposed different deadline schemes for the same adaptive learning assignments in two sections of the course. One section was given flexible deadlines and the other section was given rigid weekly deadlines. We found that weekly deadlines did not affect assignment completions or total points earned on unit exams. We investigated how the adaptive learning assignments affected student retention of material. A measure of staying on pace in the course provided a positive effect on the comprehensive final exam for students with weekly deadlines. The weekly deadlines may not have influenced assignment completions but consistent engagement with the flow of topics through the course increased student knowledge retention. Regardless of deadline type, completions of adaptive learning assignments positively affected outcomes on the unit exams and final exam. JEL Classifications: A20, A22

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