scholarly journals Length of prematurity period in wheat cultivars determines maximum cereal aphid abundance

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Trávníčková Martina ◽  
Pánková Kateřina ◽  
Martinková Zdenka ◽  
Honěk Alois
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Genetic Disposition ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Maximum aphid numbers on wheat are positively related to the length of the period elapsed from immigration to the population peak. We predicted that maximum abundances on late maturing cultivars would be greater than on early ones. This was tested using 8 spring wheat cultivars that differed in the length of time to senescence. In a 4-year experiment, numbers of aphids were checked at weekly intervals. Maximum abundances on late-maturing cultivars were significantly greater than those on early cultivars. However, the length of the vegetation period affected maximum abundances less than did the annual variation in aphid abundance. Genetic disposition for early ripening thus tends to decrease aphid numbers, but manipulation of this character is unlikely to become an important source of aphid resistance.

Correlation of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Fusarium-Infected Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars with Secondary Metabolites at Different Growth Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (22) ◽  
pp. 4545-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Etzerodt ◽  
Rene Gislum ◽  
Bente B. Laursen ◽  
Kirsten Heinrichson ◽  
Per L. Gregersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Response of Four Spring Wheat Cultivars to Drought Stress

Crop Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Moustafa ◽  
L. Boersma ◽  
W. E. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Root rot in new cultivars of spring wheat depending on sowing dates

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. A. Razina ◽  
F. S. Sultanov ◽  
О. G. Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
New Cultivars

The results of studying resistance of mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars to root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region are presented. The study was conducted in a two-factor field experiment. Factor A – mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars: Tulunskaya 11 (control), Zoryana, Маrsianka, Stolypinka (new cultivars). Factor B – seeding dates: May 10, 20, 30, preceded by fallow. The experimental plot area was 70.0 m2. The experiment was repeated three times. Plot arrangement was randomized. Root rot prevalence was determined during the tillering phase of the crop. In 2018, the sowing dates did not affect the disease due to the long spring-summer drought (May-June) and a higher average daily temperature compared to long-term average values. In arid and cold conditions of May 2019, with the late sowing period (May 30), root rot prevalence was significantly lower than when sowing on May 10 and 20. In 2019, a higher level of the disease was registered than in 2018 by 14.3%. Significant differences in root rot prevalence in both years of research were noted between the control cultivar Tulunskaya 11 and the new cultivars of spring wheat Zoryana and Stolypinka. In the tillering phase of the latter two, disease indicators were lower by 5.6% and 10.5% in 2018, and by 8.8% and 7.9% in 2019, respectively. Маrsianka cultivar was at the control level for this indicator. The best cultivar under study was Stolypinka, which was not only less affected by root rot, but also gave a statistically significant yield increase of 0.16 t/ ha in 2018 and 0.22 t/ha in 2019.

scholarly journals Influence of weather conditions during the pre-vegetation period on productivity and yield qualities of soft spring wheat seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
O. S. Amunova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Seminal Roots

Eleven genotypes of soft spring wheat were studied in a series of field and laboratory experiments in 2014 - 2018. The laboratory test included accounting for seed germination and assessing the physiological parameters of seedlings (number of seminal roots, dry matter mass of roots and shoots and their ratio (RSR index)). The field tests included phenological observa-tions, assessment of genotypes by productivity and average yield. The average yield of wheat during the years of study was 1.93-4.92 t/ha and depended on weather conditions during the period of grain formation. The trait “1000-grain mass” was formed under the influence of the genotype (68.1%), the portion of influence of weather conditions was 11.8%. It has been established that the duration of the reproductive period of soft spring wheat in the Kirov region should be at least 40 days. Reducing the duration of the reproductive period leads to a decrease in seed germination capacity. Seeds the formation and development of which took place at the optimum temperature of 16 ºС, by germination spent the most part of seed reserve substances for the development of the aboveground part of the plant (RSR index = 0.70). Under these conditions, the varieties with a lower root index were characterized by high values of the elements of yield structure. At the increased average daily air temperature (by 2-4 oC), seeds that could germinate with a significantly higher number of seminal roots (6.6-9.0%) developed on the maternal plants. During the germination of such seeds, the plastic substances distributed evenly between the shoots and seminal roots (RSR index = 0.94-0.98). The increased influx of assimilates to root system of seedlings could be explained by the fact that the process of seed formation on the maternal plants took place under conditions close to stressful and the adapted seeds spent more reserve substances for root development.

scholarly journals Formation of reproductive organs in an early-ripening soybean variety, depending on the daylight duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Sinegovskaya ◽  
Anna Levina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Sowing Period

To study the reaction of an early-ripening soybean variety to the formation of plant reproductive organs under the influence of different length of daylight hours, studies of 2 sowing periods in a growing house with a new early-ripening variety Sentyabrinka of the FSBSI FRC VNII of Soybean were conducted. Artificial reduction of the daylight duration to 8 hours was established from the phase of the 3rd triple leaf with alternating day and night periods in each variant 7 times during the growing season. The control was plants whose growth and development took place in natural light conditions. According to the research results, it was found that the change in the daylight duration during the vegetation period had a significant impact on the duration of the phases of plant growth and development, the growing season as a whole. When sowing soybeans on May 28 with a natural daylight, the height of plants and their seed productivity were higher than those of plants with a shortened daylight. At this sowing period, the highest productivity was obtained from one plant – 9.3 g, which is 1.0 g more compared to soybean plants with a sowing period of June 3. The growth of plants, the formation of reproductive organs and the seed productivity of the early-repining variety Sentyabrinka depended on the duration of daylight, which can be regulated by the sowing period.

Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Migui ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document