scholarly journals Utility function applied to interregional cooperation: case of the ASEM

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
M. Fejfarová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
International Relation ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

This article presents one possible point of view on the interregional cooperation through the optic of neorealist and neoliberal international relation theories. Applying the constructivist approach to utility function and creating utility function of regions, the author aims to explain the reasons of difficulties of interregional cooperation from the two above mentioned rational points of view. The conclusions are drawn on the case of the Asia Europe Meeting cooperation showing that a low integration of a participating region may hamper an interregional cooperation, and that the current economic policy of the EU towards the Asian region is on the right track.

scholarly journals Support of Road Freight Transport Especially in North-East Part of Schengen Borders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Romana Hricová
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
North East ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right

Green logistics is very attractive and request the point of view. Many companies try to be “green”, but on the other hand they also must be quick, be in right time in the right place and everything with as low costs as possible. So because of it, they use more road freight transport. Nowadays road freight transport is much expanded as transport companies prefer the possibility to operate just-in-time.  There are several advantages that give road freight transport the first place. Firstly, the truck can be prepared whenever, no matter what time is chosen.  Secondly, the flexibility and no more borders with customs control inside the Schengen Area make freight transport quicker. On the other hand, innovative approaches ask for environmental protection, which becomes one of the most important points of view.  If countries support this environmental friendly transport, this would be reflected in the transport prices which should make rail transport more interesting. Using the methodology in the manuscript was divided to three steps. The first step is to identify relevant questions related to border crossing. Next step is to elaborate a list of border problems, and the last step is an analysis of available data.  

K Obrazu Medzinárodnej JazYkovej Komunikácie V Európskej Únii

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Stanislav Košecký
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Member States ◽  
International Language ◽  
Language Problem ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper is a reaction to the study of A. Lejsková that appeared in the number 2/2015 of this journal. Its aim is to put the mentioned issue into a wider picture from a historical point of view as well as to complete it. The problem of international linguistic communication in the EU is in practice often neglected and remains at the level of unfulfilled declarations. As a result, international negotiations are dominated by English, which is changing itself in its function of interlinguistic communication tool, with a minority use of other “strong” languages such as German, Spanish and sometimes Italian. It is shown that the principle of equality of the languages of the member states is not fulfilled from the points of view of both technical and financial possibilities of the EU. We reach the conclusion that the best solution to the language problem of the EU would be the introduction of a neutral international language (especially Esperanto is considered), which also presents serious problems from the point of view of the preparation of its application.

scholarly journals Political Shifts in Latin America and the Problems of Relations with the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Zbiegnew Iwanowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The article explores the economic and social situation in Latin America after the «golden decade» (2003–2013) and political shifts in the region. During the last electoral cycle, the region witnessed a certain political landscape transformation, including the «right drift» on the one hand and the strengthening of the positions of the left forces on the other. Thus, political polarization at the national and regional levels sharply increased, integration blocks have disintegrated or are in crisis. As a result, the region is no longer a «unity in diversity». The author highlights the reasons for the intensification of European politics in Latin America. Although the economy remains a priority in interregional cooperation, political aspects are becoming increasingly important. Both regions actively cooperate in solving global problems, but their priorities differ significantly. The European Union cooperates with Latin America in strengthening multilateralism and improving global governance, both partners try to reform international institutions, reject protectionism and underline the priority of international law.

scholarly journals The Roots of Legal Problems Arising in the Course of Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters Between the EU and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Gennadi Tolstopyatenko ◽  
Stanislav Ageev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

This article is devoted to the roots of material and procedural legal problems arising in the course of the automatic exchange of information between the European Union (EU) and Russia. This matter is topical since automatic exchange of information is a method of cooperation between tax authorities from different countries that is new and rapidly developing. From our point of view, it is high time to discuss some of the legal problems that are inherent in automatic exchange of information. As far as we can see, the fundamental problems are: (1) th problem of choosing an appropriate legal basis for automatic exchange of information and (2) the problem of the international standards for automatic exchange of information developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) being implemented to differing extents in the national legislation of different countries. In this article we suggest ways of solving the aforementioned problems in order to make automatic exchange of information between the EU and Russia more comfortable at the intergovernmental level. The solution of these problems will help to concentrate on another issue – the problem of protecting taxpayers’ rights, primarily the right to confidentiality, which is beyond the scope of this article but still very important in the light of the enhancement of global tax transparency.

scholarly journals Access to Biomedical Research Material and the Right to Data Protection in Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Tom Southerington
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Right ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Regulatory Landscape ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis chapter describes the Finnish regulatory landscape concerning primarily non-interventional biomedical research and in particular the rights of study subjects from the data protection point of view. The GDPR is just one of many pieces of legislation affecting the rights of individuals, and it allows for significant variation between the EU Member States. Finnish law relating to biomedical research has materially changed in recent years and some changes are still pending. Overall, the legislator has aimed at enhancing opportunities for responsible research and enabling research-related innovation ecosystems, but also implemented quite strict limitations for data processing in balance. It is yet too early to evaluate the effects of the legislatory changes. The chapter is therefore mainly descriptive.

On practice of bishops consecration in Roman Gaul in the last third of the 5th century (according to the letters of Sidonius Apollinaris)

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-205
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Truhina ◽  
Aleksandr L. Kostenetskiy
Keyword(s):  
National Election ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The People ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Historical Practice ◽  
Sidonius Apollinaris

We examine letters texts of Sidonius Apollinaris, Bishop of Augustonemetum (modern Clermont) in Roman Gaul, affecting the issues of elections and consecration of bishops in Gallic cities. We consider the problem of determining the circle of persons participating in the election and consecration of bishops in the Christian Church of the last third of the 5th century, persons who may be elected as proteges to the bishop’s departments, and the process of ordination. In the literature there are various points of view on the problem. Some researchers believe that the elec-tions were democratic, almost national, while others say that the voice of the people (laiks) did not have a decisive significance: the right to make a final decision belonged to the episcopate. Most authors do not give exhaustive arguments based directly on historical practice in favor of their point of view, and if they give them, they are fragmentary, therefore, the indicated problems seem relevant at the present time. A study of the materials presented by Sidonius shows that the choice of a provincial bishop is made by the metropolitan together with other bishops of the province, and the metropolitan performs the consecration individually. Participation of people is mostly purely formal. The election of the metropolitan is carried out only by the bishops of his province, although if they are insufficient, the consent of the metropolitans of neighboring provinces is re-quired, moreover, it can be distant. The issue of the possibility of a national election of the metro-politan remains open, but the likelihood of such an election seems very small. The consecration of the metropolitan can also be performed by one bishop: the rule of conciliarity is not strictly enforced.

scholarly journals Public Administration Reforms in Slovakia: Limited Outcomes (Why ?)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
Public Administration Reform ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to document and to analyse public administration reform dynamics and outcomes in three selected areas – transparency and accountability, civil service and local self-governments.The high level of potential access to government information in Slovakia does not “produce” increased accountability, predictability and also does not effectively serve as a tool to control corruption. We argue that citizens are not only victims, but also accomplishers: their tolerance for corruption, excessive bureaucracy and rentseeking is confirmed by many existing studies.Concerning civil service reform, Slovakia shows a substantial reform reversal towards politicisation and centralisation after 2001, which clearly threatens the fundamental features of democratic governance. Soon after the EU accession in 2004 major regressive changes took place, and the Civil Service Office was abolished in 2006. The new legislation in force from 2017 (forced by the EU conditionality) should return the Slovak civil service back on the right track – let us to see.With regard to self-government the reforms aimed towards the establishment of more independent local and regional self-government. However, the major issue here is the extreme fragmentation on the municipal level – almost 3,000 municipalities in the country, most of them bellow 1,000 inhabitants. Many studies confirm that amalgamation (or at least functional amalgamation) is necessary – but there is no political will to start it.What are the main lessons from the Slovak case ? The information provided indicates that the Slovak Republic belongs to the “standard” group of CEE countries – after the first wave of democratisation reforms immediately after 1989, most of the later changes were realised “thanks to” external motivations and pressures – and not always really welcomed. The specific issue, however, is the decentralisation reform in 2000 – 2005. This change, providing really fragmented local self-government by extra rights and responsibilities, was internally driven, with positive results from the point of view of self-government principles, but with many hurdles caused by too large a number of too small municipalities.

scholarly journals К вопросу о понятии «межрегиональные взаимодействия» в пространственной экономике

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Владимир Худяков
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Interregional Interaction ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Comparison And Study ◽  
The Relationship

В статье исследуется проблема использования понятий «межрегиональные взаимодействия», «межрегиональное сотрудничество», «межрегиональные связи» и «межрегиональные отношения». С точки зрения автора разграничение вышеуказанных понятий, придание их соотношениям определенного схематического и структурного вида, определение их иерархичности, взаимосвязи и взаимовлияния позволит в дальнейшем облегчить описание в экономических дисциплинах определенных процессов, протекающих в жизнедеятельности регионов в рамках их сотрудничества с другими субъектами. The article analyzes the existing formulations of the concept “interregional interaction”. Currently, the relevance of inter-regional interactions studies has received a new impulse, but until today there is no definite and clear formulation of “inter-regional interactions” concept. Due to it, there is a problem of law enforcement of this definition in conducting researches with-in the frame of interregional relationships. As a result, in this article, the invested semantic loads in the phrase “interregional interaction”, the consistency and accuracy of this definition usage in the study of socio-economic characteristics in the frame of interregional interaction are explored. In fact, at this stage of the researches, different authors have different points of view and different approaches in the usage of such concepts as inter-regional cooperation, interregional relations and interregional contacts. In that context, appears the question: is it correct men-tioned above formulations regard as synonyms? Are they de-pendent or independent of each other, consistent or inconsistent with common features and properties? Do they refer to one cate-gory or each of these concepts has its own distinctive features and carries out a separate semantic load? What allows us to say that these concepts are different and should not be used in any way as interchangeable definitions? As a result of the studies, comparison and study of various interpretations and approaches to the con-cept of “interregional interaction”, the author’s view is introduced into the relationship and interrela-tion of interregional interaction with the concepts of “interregional cooperation”, “interregional con-tacts” and “interregional relations”. Their conditionality and validity of the application in the descrip-tion of certain socio-economic relations between regions are considered. From the point of view of the author, the distinction between the above concepts, giving them a certain schematic and structural rela-tionship, determining their hierarchy and interaction will further facilitate the understanding of certain processes occurring in the daily and future life of the regions as part of their cooperation. Based on the review and analysis, the author introduces the wording of the notion “interregional interaction”.

scholarly journals Social problems and their structure in space. Are the development regions of Romania effective from the point of view of social problems?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Balázs Telegdy
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Way

The author examines the development regions in Romania, the way these regions cover the problems of those living within their limits. Besides describing the current ones, the study tries to give advice for delimiting new regions. It states that within the current regions, inequalities are considerable: the territories falling within particular regions are not homogenous from many points of view. Even though there is no prescribed model in the EU for delimiting regions, the local, economic and social problems of certain territories have to be taken into account when setting the limits of such NUTS regions of various levels, in order for them to be homogenous

scholarly journals Digital sovereignty for Europe in the context of global data governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Data ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) has been advocating a strategy to assert its digital sovereignty for a relatively long period of time. This attempt, however, runs up against a range of obvious problems and obstacles, such as a united Europe’s dependence on foreign technologies and services and the inadequacy of investments made to support its industrial policy (in particular in the digital sphere). The EU is trying to overcome these problems with an ambitious strategy, the “European strategy for data”, which will enable the Union to navigate in an international context characterized by a substantial lack of a global data governance system, but the efficiency and effectiveness of the strategy can only be assessed in a few years' time. According to the author of this paper’s point of view, to achieve its policy objectives, the EU must pay attention to safeguarding the competitiveness of its companies, pursuing policies that, in defending the right to privacy and security of European users, are clear and harmonized. At the same time, the EU must implement policies that are able to redistribute the wealth produced in the digital field, countering the current dangerous concentrations of wealth and power in the hands of a few oligopolistic companies.

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