scholarly journals investigation of fungi infesting the caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) in the south region of Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 344-346
Author(s):  
A. Szczeponek ◽  
S. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
The South ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Very High ◽  
Pathogenicity Assay

Studies on the incidence the caraway seeds for pathogen infestation and test the pathogenicity of isolated fungi to caraway seedlings were carried out. A total of 383 fungi were isolated from seeds with evident symptoms of disease and without symptoms of disease. In this case a complex of different pathogens was isolated, among which Alternaria, Fusarium and Epicoccum were predominant. Pathogenicity assay on caraway seedlings was performed using isolates originating from caraway seeds. All tested fungi showed a very high aggressiveness in pathogenicity test.

The neck flattening defensive behaviour in snakes: First record of hooding in the South American colubrid genus Philodryas

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Jara ◽  
Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Lateral Expansion ◽  
The South ◽  
Very High

Animal species have evolved a remarkable diversity of defensive phenotypic strategies aimed to deceive predators and other forms of danger. By relying on deception, these adaptations increase the chances of avoiding physical contact that may otherwise have very high fitness costs. One such deceptive behaviour is the popularly-known neck flattening, or “hooding”, observed in some snakes. Hooding consists in the lateral expansion and dorso-ventral flattening of the neck, which creates the impression of a bigger opponent during confrontations. This trait is highly characteristic of cobras (Elapidae family). However, neck flattening is not exclusive to elapids, and has in fact been observed in a few other snake lineages, including some species of the families Lamprophiidae and Colubridae. Here, we present the first report of hooding behaviour in the South American colubrid genus Philodryas, based on field observations conducted on the Chilean species P. chamissonis (the long-tailed snake). Our report adds to the few cases in which this deceptive behaviour has been observed in snakes outside the cobra family.

scholarly journals XXIV. Remarks on swallows on the Rhine: In a letter from Mr. Achard, in Privy-Garden, to Mr. Peter Collinson, F. R. S

1763 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 101-102
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
The South ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Very High

Sir, In the latter end of March I took my passage down the Rhine to Rotterdam: a little below Basil the south bank of the river was very high and steep, of a sandy soil, sixty or eighty feet above the water. I was surprized at seeing near the top of the clift some boys tied with ropes hanging down doing something: the singularity of these adventrous boys, and the business they so daringly attempted, made us stop our navigation to inquire into the meaning of it. The watermen told us they were searching the holes in the clift for swallows, or martins, which took refuge in them, and lodged there all the winter, until warm weather, and then they came abroad again.

scholarly journals Contribution to the sedimentology of the Messinian carbonates of the Chelif Basin (Boukadir, Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Meriem L. MOULANA ◽  
Aurélia HUBERT-FERRARI ◽  
Mostefa GUENDOUZ ◽  
Meriam EL OUAHABI ◽  
Abdelhak BOUTALEB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
The South ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Homoclinal Ramp ◽  
Very High

The Messinian (Upper Miocene) is characterized at the level of its marginal basins by the development of numerous carbonate platforms. This study concerns the Messinian platform of the Boukadir region in the south of the Chelif Basin in Algeria. It is composed of a lower prograding rimmed platform and an upper aggradational homoclinal ramp resting upon the Tortonian–Lower Messinian Blue Marl Formation, and its thickness reaches ~280 m in the Chelif Basin. The upper red-algae unit is uniform and subhorizontal with a minimum thickness of 90 m. Petrographic analysis of the upper ramp reveals three different microfacies, characterized by Lithothamnium, foraminifera, high porosity, and a microsparitic matrix. MF1 is a packstone, MF2 a packstone/bindstone deposited above the fair-weather wave base and MF3 is a wackestone to packstone deposited below this level. The upper unit is made up entirely of autochthonous biogenic elements without significant external fluvial contribution. It was formed in a shallow marine environment, with very high productivity and a significant export of the sediments produced. This aggradation was followed by a rapid exhumation (regression) transforming all the aragonite into calcite. The platforms correspond to the T2 complex reef formation (6.7–5.95 Ma) documented on the other Messinian carbonate platforms in the South of the Alboran Sea that formed just before the Messinian Salinity Crisis.

scholarly journals Hipsimetric and morphometric characters of soil surface in the Gobustan region

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
U.R. Gadiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The South ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Local Erosion ◽  
Surface Inclination ◽  
East End ◽  
Very High

It was determined during the research that the relief of the zone is complex, very fragmented and the potential riskiness of erosion is higher. It was defined on the map that a main part of the Gobustan zone, i.e, 68,1% concentrated at an altitude of 500-800 meters. The areas of which surface inclination is more than 10 are 71, 3%. The potential riskiness of the erosion in the zone is very high. It was found that the depth of the local erosion basis is deeper than 50 meters and the most depth is 600-800 meters. It was determined that the south-east end of the Great Caucasus and the Gobustan zones are the most fragmented regions. Here the density of the ravine-gorge network is mainly more than 0,5 km at one kilometre.

scholarly journals South Africa’s Economic and Fiscal Quagmire: A Political and Insurrectionary Dilemma as Rating Agencies Downgrade the South African Economy and Minister of Finance Fired by the President Without any Tangible Reasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Anis Mahomed Karodia ◽  
Sayed Rehman ◽  
Paresh Soni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
National Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Tight Rope ◽  
Credit Agency ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Very High

<p>This narrative attempts to deal with the title of the paper in terms of the South Africa’s economic and fiscal quagmire and crisis. In no way is the paper all inclusive because, it cannot capture all of the subtle nuances that encompass this vexing issue, nearly two decades after the dawn and road to democracy, post 1994. The Finance Minister is in a no win situation and has to play the tune of his political masters. The Ministers mid-term review tabled to the nation in October, 2015 shows that he has to walk a very tight rope because of the current account, fiscal deficit and points to the reality that the business outlook is bleak.  The reality question is, is it economic power or political power? The downgrade risks that the country faces on the part of rating agencies makes Minister Nene’s Job even more trickier and therefore, faces a near impossible balancing act’ to appease rating agencies. Can the Minister keep the credit agency wolves from the Treasury door? South Africa is in an economic and fiscal turmoil as it dips into savings to pay its monthly bills and therefore, reserve funds are being diverted into bureaucrats’ salaries. It is not only the question of the prolonged economic meltdown, but in reality it has to do with the mismanagement of the economy by the ruling government. The very high levels of corruption, cronyism, a mismatch in policy imperatives, the failure to action holistically the National Development Plan (NDP) and, a number of variables that have placed South Africa in this extreme quagmire, exacerbated by increasing unemployment, depressing poverty levels and rising inequality. The only solution is to deal decisively with corruption and to generate rapid growth by means of policy certainty. Against this background the paper will attempt to discuss these and other scenarios that confront South Africa.</p>

Precisions sur le volcanisme acide dinantien a l'ouest de la butte Saint-Michel (region de Saint-Martin-des-Pres, Cotes-du-Nord)

1966 ◽  
Vol S7-VIII (5) ◽  
pp. 766-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paul Sagon
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Saint Martin ◽  
Acid Volcanism ◽  
Very High

Abstract To the south of Saint-Martin-des-Pres (Cotes-du-Nord) [France], the author has discovered important acid volcanism, composed of rhyolites and potassic tuffs. The K &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; O contents are very high, above 8 percent. These rocks were emplaced at the beginning of the Dinantian [Carboniferous] and are superposed on the 'dolerites of Bosmeleac.'

scholarly journals Cloud Cover over the South Pole from Visual Observations, Satellite Retrievals, and Surface-Based Infrared Radiation Measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Town ◽  
Von P. Walden ◽  
Stephen G. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Satellite Retrievals ◽  
Polar Day ◽  
Very High ◽  
Visual Observations

Abstract Estimates of cloud cover over the South Pole are presented from five different data sources: routine visual observations (1957–2004; Cvis), surface-based spectral infrared (IR) data (2001; CPAERI), surface-based broadband IR data (1994–2003; Cpyr), the Extended Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Polar Pathfinder (APP-x) dataset (1994–99; CAPP-x), and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) dataset (1994–2003; CISCCP). The seasonal cycle of cloud cover is found to range from 45%–50% during the short summer to a relatively constant 55%–65% during the winter. Relationships between Cpyr and 2-m temperature, 10-m wind speed and direction, and longwave radiation are investigated. It is shown that clouds warm the surface in all seasons, 0.5–1 K during summer and 3–4 K during winter. The annual longwave cloud radiative forcing is 18 W m−2 for downwelling radiation and 10 W m−2 for net radiation. The cloud cover datasets are intercompared during the time periods in which they overlap. The nighttime bias of Cvis is worse than previously suspected, by approximately −20%; CISCCP shows some skill during the polar day, while CAPP-x shows some skill at night. The polar cloud masks for the satellite data reviewed here are not yet accurate enough to reliably derive surface or cloud properties over the East Antarctic Plateau. The best surface-based source of cloud cover in terms of the combination of accuracy and length of record is determined to be Cpyr. The use of the Cpyr dataset for further tests of satellite retrievals and for tests of polar models is recommended.

scholarly journals Usulan Manajemen Pengunjung Situs Makam Sunan Kalijaga, Kelurahan Kadilangu, Kabupaten Demak

Bakti Budaya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Musadad Musadad
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Alternatives

Te Sunan Kalijaga tomb complex located in Kadilangu, Demak, Central Java is an archaeologicalsite that have very high signifcance values in terms of history, culture, and economy. Tis tomb complexis always fully-visited by pilgrims from various regions. Te peak season of the tomb visiting periodis in the month of Syafar, one month before Ramadan. At the time, the visitors must be trapped in along queue in the corridor that was prepared by Yayasan Sunan Kalijaga to enter the tomb complex.Tis condition certainly leads inconveniences for pilgrims and it may decrease the site's signifcancevalues. For this reason, efforts are needed to reduce pilgrimage density in the corridors of pilgrimsfrom the entrance gate to the site complex. Alternative proposals to reduce pilgrim density are proposedin two alternatives. Te frst, after the pilgrimage procession reaches and fnishes their pilgrimage,the visitors should go out through another door and pass the south corridor of the mosque to theroad on the east side of the mosque heading south to the ancient lake and heading to the road to theparking lot. Te second proposal is that pilgrims passes through the existing corridor to enter andto exit, but the corridor is divided into two lanes in frm and very strict arrangements. Tis meansthat pilgrims should not enter the wrong lane and there are restrictions on the amount of entry ata time of high density.

scholarly journals Saving rainforests in the South Pacific: challenges in ex situ conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Sommerville ◽  
Bronwyn Clarke ◽  
Gunnar Keppel ◽  
Craig McGill ◽  
Zoe-Joy Newby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The South ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Very High

Rainforests in the South Pacific hold a considerable amount of plant diversity, with rates of species endemism >80% in some countries. This diversity is rapidly disappearing under pressure from logging, clearing for agriculture or mining, introduced pests and diseases and other anthropogenic sources. Ex situ conservation techniques offer a means to limit the loss of plant diversity. Seed banking is considered the most efficient and cost effective of these techniques but is applicable only to seed capable of tolerating desiccation and cold storage. Data on the degree of tolerance of these conditions was lacking for more than half of the 1503 South Pacific rainforest genera examined for this review. Of the 710 genera for which data were available, the storage behaviour of 324 was based on an assessment of only one or two species, although 76% of those genera contained at least 10 species. Many of the unstudied or poorly studied genera are shared across several South Pacific nations, providing an excellent opportunity for collaboration on future ex situ research and conservation. Of the 386 genera for which three or more species have been studied, 343 have a very high proportion of species (>95% of those tested) that are suitable for seed banking. Seed banking could therefore provide a suitable means for preserving a large proportion of the rainforest flora before it becomes extinct in the wild. Alternatives for preserving species that are not suitable for seed banking are also discussed.

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