scholarly journals Components responsible for antimicrobial activity of propolis from continental and Mediterranean regions in Croatian

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajger Ivana Tlak ◽  
Pavlović Iva ◽  
Bojić Mirza ◽  
Kosalec Ivan ◽  
Srečec Siniša ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Chromatographic Profile ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Propolis is a popular subject of research worldwide due to its therapeutic potential. The antimicrobial activity of propolis appears to be promising but depends on many variables related to its origin such as the content of phenolics and flavonoids. To address this issue with Croatian propolis, which has two major origins (Mediterranean and continental), we exposed bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and yeasts (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) to different propolis concentrations (two-fold microdilution method with TCC/formazan endpoint). Total phenolic and flavonoid content and chromatographic profile along with antioxidant activity were assessed. The majority of the 24 propolis samples tested exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus bacteria and the yeast C. albicans. Most propolis samples also exhibited robust antioxidative capacity which correlated polyphenol and flavonoid content. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study in which the antimicrobial activity of Croatian propolis is correlated with its constituents.

scholarly journals Ramification of pH in pectinase-assisted extraction on the antioxidant capacity of Arabica spent coffee ground (SCG) extract

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1311
Author(s):  
N.A. Shukri ◽  
Z. Mohd Zin ◽  
N. MohdMaidin ◽  
Hasmadi M. ◽  
M.K. Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Spent coffee ground (SCG) is the by-product of coffee processing that is produced up to 45% in coffee beverage and instant coffee processing and is believed to contain high amounts of antioxidants. Despite the fact that SCG has exerted many advantages, the information on obtaining the antioxidant values using enzymes are still scarce. The objective of the study was therefore to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content of antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity in Arabica SCG extracted using pectinase at different pH values. Arabica SCG was extracted using pectinase at pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, pH 6 and pH 7 and analyzed for its anti-microbial activity and antioxidant properties (DPPH, FRAP, total phenolic and total flavonoid content along with individual flavonoids using HPLC). Arabica SCG was extracted using pectinase at pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, pH 6 and pH 7 and analyzed for its antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties (DPPH, FRAP, total phenolic and total flavonoid content along with individual flavonoids using HPLC). The result showed that the antioxidant capacity of the SCG extract at pH 4 exhibited higher DPPH and FRAP values. The total phenolic and flavonoid content exhibited in (1.38±4.42, mg GAE/g sample and 22.57±0.27 mg QE/g of dry sample). Flavonoids namely quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, pcoumaric acid and myricetin were present in all samples at various levels. The SCG in pH 7 extract showed the highest concentrations of the individual flavonoid compound in the sample and the highest inhibition zone on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the optimum pH of the pectinase which is pH 4-5 had provided the highest yield in antioxidant capacity and activity of the Arabica SCG extract with this extraction method that can be used for food preservation as well as in the nutraceutical industry.

The influence of Gum Arabic on the physicochemical and antimicrobial activity of the microencapsulated Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Z. Mohd Zin ◽  
N.H. Razman ◽  
Hasmadi M. ◽  
M.N. Abd Manap ◽  
M.K. Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Coating Matrix ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) also known as God's Crown has been historically used as an indispensable alternative herbal medicine. Microencapsulation is a process whereby tiny particles or droplets are engulfed or enclosed in a coating matrix to produce small capsules. Generally, without microencapsulation, powders are fragile materials that could easily interfere with other components that are difficult to dissolve in water, lose their beneficial properties and decrease shelf life. It is hoped that the microencapsulation would increase the consistency of the powder during storage and maintain its beneficial properties. The goal of this research is to investigate the physicochemical and antimicrobial activity of Mahkota Dewa leaves encapsulated in different concentrations of gum Arabic (GA) and to determine the form of antioxidant and their role and properties. Mahkota Dewa leaves powders were microencapsulated in 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% gum Arabic using an ultrasonic spray dryer at 90οC. The microencapsulated Mahkota Dewa leaves (MMDL) samples were subjected to physicochemical and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the 6% GA MMDL exhibited the highest yield (3.91%) while 0% GA was the lowest yield (1.64%). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was exhibited by 2% GA. The highest DPPH inhibition was depicted in 0% GA which indicates the highest antioxidant activity (54.9±0.01%) and is significantly (p<0.05) different from other samples. The highest inhibition was exhibited in 0% GA in the TBA method and FTC analysis. The encapsulated powders were identified to have weak antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. The powders produced have an irregularly spherical structure and smooth surface with some dented spots on the surface. The different concentration of gum Arabic resulted in different antioxidant activity, flavonoid content and antimicrobial activity of MMDL.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND α-ΑMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF THE STEM BARK OF PISONIA GRANDIS, R.BR

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Vishu Mohan ◽  
Mohan Kumar Ramasamy ◽  
Srikalyani Vemuri ◽  
Ilango Kaliappan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

  Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of the crude hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanolic stem bark extract of Pisonia grandis.Methods: The evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, and aluminum chloride assay, respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed for porcine pancreatic α-amylase for the stem bark of P. grandis. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids in all the three extracts. The antioxidant activity showed 148.2 μg/ml, total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent), 0.0665±0.0002 mg/g, flavonoid content (quercetin equivalent), 0.6061±0.1817 mg/g, and inhibitory concentration 50% values were found to be 40.42 μg/ml and showed better in ethyl acetate extract. The antidiabetic activity exhibited mimic action with insulin due to the presence of pinnatol in the stem bark and leaves of P. grandis. Conclusion: P. grandis stem bark crude ethyl acetate extract showed strong antioxidant activity, high phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antimicrobial activity was studied in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains against ampicillin and rifampicin as reference drugs. Antidiabetic activity shows effective result by α-amylase inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds for basic standardization of Turkish propolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Özkök ◽  
Merve Keskin ◽  
Aslı Elif Tanuğur Samancı ◽  
Elif Yorulmaz Önder ◽  
Çiğdem Takma
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the standard amount of antioxidant content and compounds of the propolis for the standardization of propolis. For this purpose, the total flavonoids, total phenolic, CUPRAC antioxidant capacity content and the diversity of phenolic and flavonoid components of these propolis samples were found by HPLC determined at the 23 propolis samples which were collected different regions of Turkey. Beside that, the similarities and differences of these 23 provinces to each other according to their antioxidant capacities were investigated by multidimensional scaling analysis. The total flavonoid content in the propolis samples were determined between 21.28 and 152.56 mg CE/g. The total phenolic content in the propolis samples was found between 34.53 mg and 259.4 mg GAE/g. CUPRAC antioxidant capacity of the propolis samples and antioxidant range was found from 95.35 to 710.43 mg TE/g. Also, 4 flavonoid [Quercetin (min.1.12–max.4.14 mg/g), Galangin (min.0.72–max.40.79 mg/g), Apigenin (min.1.07–max.17.35 mg/g), Pinocembrin (min.1.32–max.39.92 mg/g] and 6 phenolic acid [Caffeic acid (min.1.20–max.7.6 mg/g), p-Coumaric acid (min.1.26–max.4.47 mg/g), trans-Ferulic acid (min.1.28–max.4.92 mg/g), Protocatechuic acid (1.78 mg/g), trans-Cinnamic acid (min.1.05–max.3.83 mg/g), Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) (min.1.41–max.30.15 mg/g)] components were detected as mg/g, in different ratios in propolis samples collected from different regions. The feature of this study, so far, is to have the maximum number of samples representing the Turkish propolis, and so is thought to help to national and international propolis standard workings.

scholarly journals Establishing Relationship between Vitamins, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activities in Various Honey Types

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4399
Author(s):  
Norhasnida Zawawi ◽  
Pei Juin Chong ◽  
Nurul Nadhirah Mohd Tom ◽  
Nurkhairina Solehah Saiful Anuar ◽  
Salma Malihah Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Honey is a well-known natural sweetener and is rich in natural antioxidants that prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is responsible for many human diseases. Some of the biochemical compounds in honey that contribute to this property are vitamins and phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, the extent to which these molecules contribute towards the antioxidant capacity in vitro is inconsistently reported, especially with the different analytical methods used, as well as other extrinsic factors that influence these molecules’ availability. Therefore, by reviewing recently published works correlating the vitamin, total phenolic, and flavonoid content in honey with its antioxidant activities in vitro, this paper will establish a relationship between these parameters. Based on the literature, vitamins do not contribute to honey’s antioxidant capacity; however, the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids has an impact on honey’s antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF POLYGONUM EQUISETIFORME SM (POLYGONACEAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed A. El-toumy ◽  
Joslin Y. Salib ◽  
Nabila H. Shafik ◽  
Asmaa S. Abd Elkarim ◽  
Gihan A. Mick
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study was to deal the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from <em>Polygonum equisetiforme</em> and evaluation of antioxidant activity of its extract.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methanol-water extract (7:3) of the air-dried aerial parts of <em>Polygonum equisetiforme</em> was fractionated and separated to obtain the isolated compounds by different chromatographic techniques. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by UV and 1D⁄2D H⁄ C NMR spectroscopy and compared with the literature data. The crude extract was evaluated for <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity using the 2,2 diphenyl dipicryl hydrazine (DPPH) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten secondary metabolites were isolated from <em>Polygonum equisetiforme</em> in this study. Of which three new flavonoids named as 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-<em>O</em>-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-<em>O</em>-b-D-glucopyranoside 8 C-sulphated (2) and quercetin 3-<em>O-β</em>-D-glucucorinde 6''-methyl ester 8-sulphated (3) as well as quercetin 3-<em>O-β</em>-D-glucucorinde methyl ester (4), quercetin 3-<em>O-</em>β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 7-<em>O-β-</em>D-glucopyranoside (6),<em> </em>quercetin(7)<sub>, </sub>myricetin (8), <em>P</em><sub>-</sub>methoxy gallic acid methyl ester (9) and gallic acid (10). The antioxidant potential of <em>P. equisetiforme</em> extract was evaluated by investigating it's total phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity whereby the extract showed significant antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 37.45 μg/ml). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 130.79±5.502 and 45.8±1.63 μg/ml, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><em>Polygonum equisetiforme</em> is a promising medicinal plant, and our study tends to support the therapeutic value of this plant as an antioxidant drug.</p>

scholarly journals Antioxidant potential of five commercially less valued leafy vegetables from Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-959
Author(s):  
Kishwar Jahan Shethi ◽  
Mohammad Zashim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

To evaluate the antioxidant potential of less valued green leafy vegetables of Bangladesh, the methanolic extracts of Alternanthera sessilis, A. philoxeroides, A. paronychioides, Glinus oppositifolius and Portulaca oleracea were subjected to assay for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and DPPH free radicle scavenging activity. Among the studied materials, A. sessilis showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. However, G. oppositifolius presented the lowest phenolic content (14.53 ± 0.48 mg of GAE/g of sample) and P. oleracea exhibited minimum (7.005 ± 0.25 mg of RUE/g of sample) flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to increase with increase in the concentration of each individual material. A. philoxiroides (IC50 = 6.07 ± 0.27 μg/ml) was found as the most active in DPPH radical percentage inhibition, which was followed by A. sessilis (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.67 μg/ml). Interestingly, A. paronychioides, in spite of having good amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content, showed less DPPH scavenging activity. No linear relationship was found to exist in case of the total phenolic, flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging activity among G. oppositifolius, P. oleracea and A. paronychioides. The results from different methods may differ substantially because each complex chemical reaction generates unique values. However, all the five plants exhibited creditable antioxidant activity and thus consumption of these vegetables may play important role in combating oxidative stresses and thereby help in retaining good health.

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