scholarly journals Aspectos estructurales, composición florística y caracterización ecológica del bosque de oyamel de la Sierra de Zapalinamé, Coahuila, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Encina-Domínguez ◽  
Francisco J. Encina-Domínguez ◽  
Efrén Mata-Rocha ◽  
Jesús Valdes-Reyna
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
The State ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Climate Conditions

The sierra de Zapalinamé lies at the southeastern portian of the State of Coahuila, in a transitional area between the Chihuahuan Desert Region and the Sierra Madre Oriental. lt has the status of a protected natural area by the state government. The Chihuahuan desert scrub is the most common vegetation type; however, spruce forest grows where the climate conditions are cold and temperate. Ten circular plots of 1,000 m2 were established to determine the floristic composition, structure of the forest and other ecological variables. Diameter and height were measured for every tree and shrubs and herbs were recorded. Seedlings were evaluated in five plots of 2 m2 per site. Attributes of the vegetation like density, basal area and the importance value of the tree species were estimated. The spruce forest of the sierra de Zapalinamé is found between 2,668 to 3,025 m of elevation where the annual average precipitation rain varies from 560 to 600 mm and with a temperature of 12.5ºC, over litosol soils with a slope of 34% to 70%. The forest is dominated by Abies vejarii, species which grows at elevated places and another important species is Pseudotsuga menziesii. Regeneration is of a few seedlings; nevertheless, due to microclime and soil sorne regeneration is successful. A total 73 species were recorded in these forests, being the most diverse Asteraceae (15 species), Pinaceae (4) and Poaceae (4). Conservation of the spruce forest is important due to its ecological value; in addition Abies vejarii is listed under status of conservation in the Mexican red list, and also because a number endemic species of plants are in this protected area.

scholarly journals Composiçäo florística e estrutura fitossociológica da floresta tropical ombrófila da encosta Atlântica no município de Morretes, Estado do Paraná

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Cardoso da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Point Center ◽  
South Brazil ◽  
Phytosociological Study

A presente tese tem como objetivo principal, efetuar levantamonto quantitativo de espécies arbóreas e estabelecer análise da estrutura fitossociológica da floresta tropical ombrófila da encosta Atlântica, desenvolvida no período do novembro de 1983 a fevereiro do 1985. A área estudada localiza-se no Município de Morretes, Estado do Paraná, ao Parque Estadual do Marumbi e apresenta as seguintes coordenadas: 25°30’s o 48°38’w de Gr.; clima do tipo Cfa, de acordo corn a classificacão climdtica de Koeppen e corn altitude de 485 m. Foi aplicado o método de “quadrantes de levantamento”, segundo Cottam & Curtis (1956), em árvores corn circunferência no mínimo de 15 cm, sendo alocados 80 pontos de amostragem com distância de 10 rn entre si, compreendendo 70 táxons, 55 gêneros e 31 famílias. Para análise da estrutura da vegetacão, considerou-se os parâmetros de densidade, freqüência, dominância e o índice de valor de importância. Revelando que as famílias mais importantes são as seguintes: Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae e Nyctaginaceae. Quanto a densidade e freqüência apresentam-se corn destaque as seguintes espécies. Guapira opposta, Mollinedia sp (2,), Hieronyma alchornneoides, Bathysa meridionalis, Psychotria suturella e Alsophyla sp.. Em dominância surgern as seguintes espécies: Ficus organensis, Guapira opposita, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Cabralea canjerana, Mollinedia sp (2) e Bathysa meridionalis. No indice de valor de importância estão emi destaque as mesmas espécies referentes a dominância. Apresentam 75,34% do conjunto do IVI 28,60% das espécies amostradas. Demonstrou-se a tendência da floresta em apresentar três estratos: o inferior, o médio e o superior. Para rnelhor compreensão da estrutura diamétrica forarn consideradas classes de diâmetro, com amplitude de 5 cm, foram cotejadas vegetacão de diferentes áreas da floresta Atlântica e de Araucária com a área estudada, com base nos critérios de clima, espécies, gêneros e famílias comuns, bem como, de espécies rnais importantes e de fitomassa. Abstract A phytosociological study of Atlantic hillside’s “ombrofila” tropical forest (25°30’S latitude, 48°38’ W, longitude, 485 m altitude), in the State Park of Marumbi, Morretes, Paraná, south Brazil, from November 1983 trough February 1985. The climate was classified as Koeppen’s Cfa. The samples were taken by the “point-center quater method” (Cottam & Curtis, 1956). Only trees with diameter equal to or greater than 4.8 cm were considered. In the 80 points (each as far as 10 m from the next), 70 species of trees (belonging to 55 genera and 31 families) were sampled. The vegetation structure analyses was based on density, frequency, dominance and importance value index (IVI) parameters. The most important families were Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae and Nyetaginaceae. Density and frequency analysis shows some prominent species, the most important being: Guapira opposita, Mollinedia sp (2) Hieronyma alchorneoides, Bathysa meridionalis, Psychotria suturella and Alsophyla sp. Ficus organensis, Guapira opposita, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Cabralea canjerana, Mollinedia sp. (2) and Bathysa meridionalls are dominants. 28.6% of species sampled inclued 75.9 % of all IVI values. The forest appears to be stratified into lower, middle and upper layers. The diameters were distributed into 5 cm amplitude size classes. The vegetation of the study site was compared with those of other areas in "Atlantic" and "Araucaria" forests in terms of climate, species, genera and families composition, as well as the most important species and phytomass.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURAL DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA, EM CURITIBA, PR – BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Marques Rondon Neto ◽  
Carina Kozera ◽  
Regina do Rocio De Andrade ◽  
Adriana Trippia Cecy ◽  
Ana Paula Hummes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris ◽  
Index Value

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a composição florística e a estrutura dos indivíduos arbóreos com DAP ³ 5cm presentes em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Floresta com Araucária), denominado “Capão do Tigre”, situado em Curitiba - PR. Em dezoito parcelas de 10 x 20m foram inventariados 710 indivíduos, distribuídos em 77 espécies, pertencentes a 36 famílias e 55 gêneros. O valor do índice de diversidade Shannon para as espécies foi de 3,437. A densidade total estimada foi de 1.972 indivíduos/ha e os valores médios de DAP e altura encontrados foram 11,6 cm e 8,2 m, respectivamente. De acordo com o parâmetro valor de importância ampliado, as espécies mais importantes foram Casearia sylvestris, Allophylus edulis, Luehea divaricata, Araucaria angustifolia, Cupania vernalis, Ocotea corymbosa, Ocotea nutans, Jacaranda puberula, Mollinedia clavigera e Solanum sanctae-catharinae. FLORISTIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A FRAGMENT OF MIXED OMBROPHYLOUS FOREST IN CURITIBA, PR - BRAZIL Abstract The aim of this paper was to know the floristic composition and the structureof a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest fragment (Araucaria Forest), named “Capão do Tigre”, situated in Curitiba - PR. It was inventoried 710 trees individuous in eighteen 10 x 20 m plots with DBH ³ 5cm, distributed in 77 species from 55 gender and 36 families. The Shannon diversity index value was 3,437 for the species. The total density found was 1.972 individuous/ha, and the medium DBH and height was 11,6 cm and 8,2 m, respectively. Acording to the parameters of Amplieted Importance Value, the most important species are: Casearia sylvestris, Allophylus edulis, Luehea divaricata, Araucaria angustifolia, Cupania vernalis, Ocotea corymbosa, Ocotea nutans, Jacaranda puberula, Mollinedia clavigera e Solanum sanctae-catharinae.

scholarly journals Composition, structure and diversity of coastal vegetation in the northeastern of Cozumel, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Alejandro Collantes-Chávez-Costa ◽  
Eduardo Alanis-Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar Yam-Uicab ◽  
Cruz López-Contreras ◽  
Tania Sarmiento-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cozumel island, Mexico has one of the best preserved and threatened coastal vegetation in the Mexican Caribbean. Increasing the ecological knowledge about these communities can help to establish conservation priorities.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Question: </strong>How are the structure and composition of well-preserved coastal vegetation communities in the Island of Cozumel?<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Study site and dates: </strong>The study was conducted in the northeastern coast of the island of Cozumel, at the Municipality of Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico, from July 2014 to November 2014.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five interception lines of 80 m were randomly established along environmental gradient, perpendicular to the coastal line, in each three different environments: rocky beaches, sandy beaches, and coastal dunes. Species richness, diversity, and importance value index of the species in the community were computed, and floristic composition recorded.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recorded 23 families, 35 genera and 37 species. The most representative families are Poaceae with four species, Rubiaceae and Asteraceae with three species each; <em>Sideroxylon</em> and <em>Euphorbia</em> were the richest genera, with two species each. The three coastal environments presented no statistical differences in its relative density, coverage and diversity, but differed in species composition and richness (higher in rocky beaches and coastal dunes).<strong></strong></p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two dissimilar coastal plant communities can be recognized into the halophilous vegetation type, which are established in sandy and rocky environments respectively. The floristic composition and the species association of the rocky beaches reveal the relationship between the Island of Cozumel coastal vegetation and plant communities in other Caribbean islands.

scholarly journals PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MONTANE FOREST ON THE SOUTH SLOPE OF MT. WILIS, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwaningsih Purwaningsih ◽  
Ruddy Polosakan ◽  
Razali Yusuf ◽  
Kuswata Kartawinata
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
South Slope ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
Phytosociological Study

PURWANINGSIH, POLOSOKAN, R., YUSUF, R. & KARTAWINATA, K. 2017. Phytosociological study of the montane forest on the south slope of Mt. Wilis, East Java. Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(1): 31 - 45. —A phytosociological stud y of a montane forest was carried out on the south slope of Mount Wilis, Kediri, East Java. The objective of the study was to do quantitative measurements of floristic composition and structure of the montane forest located within the seasonally dry climatic region as to date no such study has been undertaken there. It was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing plots of 2500 m2 each at five locations at the altitudes of 1100 m asl (above sea level), 1200 m asl, 1300 m asl, 1400 m asl and 1500 m asl, thus the total area sampled was 1.25 ha. They were Plot1100 at Bekayang, Plot1200 at Bukit Bendera, Plot1300 at Batutulis, Plot1400 at Mergosepi and Plot1500 at Brak. A total of 1045 trees comprising 74 species of 50 genera and 33 families were recorded. Based on a species constancy index of 100 %, the Saurauia nudiflora-Weinmannia blumei association was established. The association consisted of (1) the Cyathea-Polycias subassociation, representing the heavily disturbed forest, currently dominated by Cyathea contaminans and (2) the Villebrunea-Syzygium subassociation, representing the least disturbed forests, dominated by Syzygium lineatum and Villebrunea rubescens. The lowest number of species (13) was recorded in Plot1100 and the highest number (39) in Plot1300. Important species recorded included Cyathea contaminans (Importance Value, IV= 47.97); Lithocarpus sp. (IV= 22.07); Lithocarpus sundaicus (IV= 14.05); Saurauia pendula (IV= 12.85); Villebrunea rubescens (IV= 12.12) and Syzygium lineatum (IV= 11.22). Diameter measurements showed that 76.60 % of trees in Plot1100 and 86.60 % in Plot1200 consist of small individuals with diameters between 10 and 30 cm. Trees with large diameters of >30 cm occurred in Plot1300, Plot1400 and Plot1500. The presence of large numbers of small trees and lesser numbers of trees with large diameters in a forest stand indicated that the stand was regenerating after heavy disturbance. The presence of the majority of trees with height of < 20 m (99 %) further confirmed the forest’s dynamic status. 

Politični položaj na Slovenskem leta 1919

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (2) ◽  
pp. 359-394
Author(s):  
Jurij Perovšek
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
New Era ◽  
Party Organisation ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
First Time ◽  
Similar Development

For Slovenes in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes the year 1919 represented the final step to a new political beginning. With the end of the united all-Slovene liberal party organisation and the formation of separate liberal parties, the political party life faced a new era. Similar development was showing also in the Marxist camp. The Catholic camp was united. For the first time, Slovenes from all political camps took part in the state government politics and parliament work. They faced the diminishing of the independence, which was gained in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and the mutual fight for its preservation or abolition. This was the beginning of national-political separations in the later Yugoslav state. The year 1919 was characterized also by the establishment of the Slovene university and early occurrences of social discontent. A declaration about the new historical phenomenon – Bolshevism, had to be made. While the region of Prekmurje was integrated to the new state, the questions of the Western border and the situation with Carinthia were not resolved. For the Slovene history, the year 1919 presents a multi-transitional year.

Lifting the Veil

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Scott Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Hiring And Firing ◽  
And Control ◽  
California Schools

The story of anti-communism in California schools is a tale well and often told. But few scholars have appreciated the important role played by private surveillance networks. This article examines how privately funded and run investigations shaped the state government’s pursuit of leftist educators. The previously-secret papers of Major General Ralph H. Van Deman, which were opened to researchers at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., only a few years ago, show that the general operated a private spy network out of San Diego and fed information to military, federal, and state government agencies. Moreover, he taught the state government’s chief anti-communist bureaucrat, Richard E. Combs, how to recruit informants and monitor and control subversives. The case of the suspicious death of one University of California, Los Angeles student – a student that the anti-communists claimed had been “scared to death” by the Reds – shows the extent of the collaboration between Combs and Van Deman. It further illustrates how they conspired to promote fear of communism, influence hiring and firing of University of California faculty, and punish those educators who did not support their project. Although it was rarely successful, Combs’ and Van Deman’s coordinated campaign reveals a story of public-private anticommunist collaboration in California that has been largely forgotten. Because Van Deman’s files are now finally open to researchers, Californians can gain a much more complete understanding of their state bureaucracy’s role in the Red Scare purges of California educators.

Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

Rice Production in Punjab: Depletion of Water Resources and Environmental Problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-299
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Paddy Straw

Punjab has emerged as an important rice-producing state in the country. The state with 1.53 percent of the geographical area of the country produces more than 11 percent of total rice production in the country. The production of rice in Punjab increased more than 10 times due to an increase in area and yield. The growth of a rice crop at such a high rate over 20 years in Punjab is indeed a rare phenomenon in the history of agricultural development in the world. Due to extensive cultivation of rice in Punjab, the state has been over-exploiting the groundwater, more than its recharge. Most of the tube-well dominated districts of the state, witnessed the fall in water table more than 20 to 30 cm per year. To dispose of the paddy straw, the farmers of Punjab generally opt for burning it. This practice of burning of paddy straw besides nutrient loss is posing a serious problem for the public health and transportation system. Rice has now become a problematic crop for Punjab state due to its ill effects on its natural resources, that is, the water and soil environmental degradation. The Punjab Agricultural University experts and other committees estimated that the total groundwater recharge from all sources can sustain/support only 16-17 lakh ha of paddy in Punjab. The area under the crop increased to 29 lakh ha which was unsustainable in the long run. The area under rice in Punjab should be stabilized at 16-17 lakh ha and the remaining paddy area should be shifted to other crops like pulses, oilseeds, maize, fruits, and vegetables, etc. requiringless water, to achieve proper water balance. Thus diversification of some area from paddy is in the interest of Punjab farmers, State government and the Central government for long term food security on a sustainable basis.

scholarly journals Roles of the Water Court and the State Engineer for water administration in Colorado

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. McIntyre ◽  
David C. Mays
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The Us ◽  
State Engineer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water Administration ◽  
Civil Courts

Colorado manages water using an administrative structure that is unique among the United States following the doctrine of prior appropriation: Water rights are adjudicated not by the State Engineer, but by Water Courts – separate from and operating in parallel to the criminal and civil courts – established specifically for this purpose. Fundamental to this system is the notion that water rights are property, with consequent protections under the US Constitution, but with the significant constraint that changes in water rights must not injure other water rights, either more senior or more junior. Population growth and climate change will certainly trigger changes in water administration, to be guided by the recent Colorado Water Plan. To provide the foundation necessary to appreciate these changes, this paper reviews the history of Colorado water administration and summarizes the complementary roles of the Water Courts and the State Engineer. Understanding water administration in Colorado depends on a firm grasp on how these two branches of state government formulate and implement water policy.

scholarly journals Grid Governance in China under the COVID-19 Outbreak: Changing Neighborhood Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7089
Author(s):  
Tianke Zhu ◽  
Xigang Zhu ◽  
Jian Jin
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Neighborhood Organizations ◽  
Housing Privatization ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Neighborhood Governance ◽  
Relationship Of

Housing commodification seems to suggest that a process of a state is embracing private governance. However, private governance in Chinese neighborhoods is a two-way trajectory. This paper examined two types of housing neighborhoods, namely, a work-unit housing neighborhood and gated commodity housing to understand the changes in neighborhood governance. It is interesting to observe that during the Covid-19 epidemic period, the state government enhanced its presence and public trust in neighborhood governance by changing the former ways of self-governance. As a strategy for the state to return to local governance, the grid governance is the reconfiguration of administrative resources at a neighborhood level and professionalizes neighborhood organizations to ensure the capacities of the state to solve social crises and neighborhood governance. The potential side effects of changing neighborhood governance are that while the implementation of grid governance has improved internal connections among residents, the empowered neighborhood governments acting as the “state agent on the ground” leads to an estrangement between residents and private governance. The underdevelopment of neighborhood autonomy is not only due to the restriction of state government, but more importantly, the reciprocal relationship of state-led neighborhood governance in the context of housing privatization development in China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document