scholarly journals Composiçäo florística e estrutura fitossociológica da floresta tropical ombrófila da encosta Atlântica no município de Morretes, Estado do Paraná

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Cardoso da Silva

A presente tese tem como objetivo principal, efetuar levantamonto quantitativo de espécies arbóreas e estabelecer análise da estrutura fitossociológica da floresta tropical ombrófila da encosta Atlântica, desenvolvida no período do novembro de 1983 a fevereiro do 1985. A área estudada localiza-se no Município de Morretes, Estado do Paraná, ao Parque Estadual do Marumbi e apresenta as seguintes coordenadas: 25°30’s o 48°38’w de Gr.; clima do tipo Cfa, de acordo corn a classificacão climdtica de Koeppen e corn altitude de 485 m. Foi aplicado o método de “quadrantes de levantamento”, segundo Cottam & Curtis (1956), em árvores corn circunferência no mínimo de 15 cm, sendo alocados 80 pontos de amostragem com distância de 10 rn entre si, compreendendo 70 táxons, 55 gêneros e 31 famílias. Para análise da estrutura da vegetacão, considerou-se os parâmetros de densidade, freqüência, dominância e o índice de valor de importância. Revelando que as famílias mais importantes são as seguintes: Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae e Nyctaginaceae. Quanto a densidade e freqüência apresentam-se corn destaque as seguintes espécies. Guapira opposta, Mollinedia sp (2,), Hieronyma alchornneoides, Bathysa meridionalis, Psychotria suturella e Alsophyla sp.. Em dominância surgern as seguintes espécies: Ficus organensis, Guapira opposita, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Cabralea canjerana, Mollinedia sp (2) e Bathysa meridionalis. No indice de valor de importância estão emi destaque as mesmas espécies referentes a dominância. Apresentam 75,34% do conjunto do IVI 28,60% das espécies amostradas. Demonstrou-se a tendência da floresta em apresentar três estratos: o inferior, o médio e o superior. Para rnelhor compreensão da estrutura diamétrica forarn consideradas classes de diâmetro, com amplitude de 5 cm, foram cotejadas vegetacão de diferentes áreas da floresta Atlântica e de Araucária com a área estudada, com base nos critérios de clima, espécies, gêneros e famílias comuns, bem como, de espécies rnais importantes e de fitomassa. Abstract A phytosociological study of Atlantic hillside’s “ombrofila” tropical forest (25°30’S latitude, 48°38’ W, longitude, 485 m altitude), in the State Park of Marumbi, Morretes, Paraná, south Brazil, from November 1983 trough February 1985. The climate was classified as Koeppen’s Cfa. The samples were taken by the “point-center quater method” (Cottam & Curtis, 1956). Only trees with diameter equal to or greater than 4.8 cm were considered. In the 80 points (each as far as 10 m from the next), 70 species of trees (belonging to 55 genera and 31 families) were sampled. The vegetation structure analyses was based on density, frequency, dominance and importance value index (IVI) parameters. The most important families were Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae and Nyetaginaceae. Density and frequency analysis shows some prominent species, the most important being: Guapira opposita, Mollinedia sp (2) Hieronyma alchorneoides, Bathysa meridionalis, Psychotria suturella and Alsophyla sp. Ficus organensis, Guapira opposita, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Cabralea canjerana, Mollinedia sp. (2) and Bathysa meridionalls are dominants. 28.6% of species sampled inclued 75.9 % of all IVI values. The forest appears to be stratified into lower, middle and upper layers. The diameters were distributed into 5 cm amplitude size classes. The vegetation of the study site was compared with those of other areas in "Atlantic" and "Araucaria" forests in terms of climate, species, genera and families composition, as well as the most important species and phytomass.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash . ◽  
Navneet . ◽  
B.S. Bhandari

In present study, we present data on tree diversity, stand structures and community composition in six sites of tropical forest in Rajaji tiger reserve, Northern India. The enumeration of 72 plots results a total of 19,050 individuals, 47 species, 42 genera, 25 families in which Holoptelia integrifolea, Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta, Cassia fistula and Trewia nudiflora were the species which showed higher importance value index (IVI) in the study area. The stand density of the six sites ranges from 149.99 - 397.91 hac-1 where as the total basal area of trees ranges from 3.612 - 46.813 m2/hac-1. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.35 to 2.51, Simpson index ranged from 0.097 - 0.446, Margalef index ranged 2.584 - 4.9, The Evenness index ranged from  0.551 - 0.852 in the study area. Further the studied area has showed ample evidences from indices in supporting the higher floristic diversity and stand structure after providing the present area as a status of tiger reserve.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
BRUNO FRANÇA DA TRINDADE LESSA ◽  
MATHEUS ALVES DA PAZ ◽  
ARIEL MARQUES REGES ◽  
IGOR SOUZA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MIRELLA RODRIGUES ANTUNES

ABSTRACT Information on the different species that compose a weed community is essential for plant protection managements in production systems, which should include not only flora identification and diversity assessments, but morphological and ecophysiological aspects that can to show the potential effect of the agrosystem and guide the conduction of weed control strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to conduct a floristic and phytosociological surveying to identify the grouping patterns of weed populations in vineyards in the Petrolina-Juazeiro irrigated perimeter, in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. The absolute and relative values of weed frequency, density, abundance, importance value index, population distribution level, and similarity between areas were evaluated in five properties. A high diversity of species of the families Poaceae, Malvaceae, and Asteraceae were found. The most important species found were Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia hirta, and Cyperus aggregatus. The distribution of populations was mainly in aggregate and highly aggregate forms.


2017 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Encina-Domínguez ◽  
Francisco J. Encina-Domínguez ◽  
Efrén Mata-Rocha ◽  
Jesús Valdes-Reyna

The sierra de Zapalinamé lies at the southeastern portian of the State of Coahuila, in a transitional area between the Chihuahuan Desert Region and the Sierra Madre Oriental. lt has the status of a protected natural area by the state government. The Chihuahuan desert scrub is the most common vegetation type; however, spruce forest grows where the climate conditions are cold and temperate. Ten circular plots of 1,000 m2 were established to determine the floristic composition, structure of the forest and other ecological variables. Diameter and height were measured for every tree and shrubs and herbs were recorded. Seedlings were evaluated in five plots of 2 m2 per site. Attributes of the vegetation like density, basal area and the importance value of the tree species were estimated. The spruce forest of the sierra de Zapalinamé is found between 2,668 to 3,025 m of elevation where the annual average precipitation rain varies from 560 to 600 mm and with a temperature of 12.5ºC, over litosol soils with a slope of 34% to 70%. The forest is dominated by Abies vejarii, species which grows at elevated places and another important species is Pseudotsuga menziesii. Regeneration is of a few seedlings; nevertheless, due to microclime and soil sorne regeneration is successful. A total 73 species were recorded in these forests, being the most diverse Asteraceae (15 species), Pinaceae (4) and Poaceae (4). Conservation of the spruce forest is important due to its ecological value; in addition Abies vejarii is listed under status of conservation in the Mexican red list, and also because a number endemic species of plants are in this protected area.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J.N. PRATES ◽  
A.E.S. VIANA ◽  
A.D. CARDOSO ◽  
A.R. SÃO JOSÉ ◽  
B.A.R. VIANA ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Knowing the most important species in the weed community is necessary to decide the best weed control method to be used. Thus, a phytosociological survey was carried out on cassava cultivation areas located in five rural properties of Cândido Sales, BA, Brazil, one of the state’s largest cassava producers. Two collections were carried out in each property in February (summer) and August (winter) 2016. A square metal frame with 0.25 m2 was randomly placed in each area, zigzagging, and establishing a proportion of 25 castings per hectare, with a sampling area of 6.25 m2 in each area. Weeds were identified and quantified, and then phytosociological parameters of frequency, density, abundance, relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance, and importance value index were determined. The analysis of the similarity between populations of the areas and periods was determined by the Sorensen similarity index. A variation of weed community composition was observed between cassava and harvest periods, with a higher infestation in the summer. A similarity was observed between cassava cultivation areas.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Kusumo ◽  
Azis Nur Bambang ◽  
Munifatul Izzati

ABSTRAK Hutan Tesso Nilo merupakan kawasan dengan tingkat keanekaragaman tanaman berpembuluh dan merupakan habitat bagi satwa terancam punah yaitu harimau sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) dan gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Kawasan ini tidak luput dari kegiatan perambahan dan di konversi menjadi perkebunan dan permukiman. Pembukaan lahan hutan akan mengakibatkan rusaknya fungsi hutan dan mengakibatkan musnahnya berbagai jenis flora dan fauna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh perambahan hutan terhadap strukur vegetasi kawasan hutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan menggunakan sampling vegetasi petak dalam jalur dilokasi hutan alam dan hutan terdegradasi akibat perambahan. Hasil dianalisis untuk mengetahui kelimpahan vegetasi, indeks nilai penting dan indeks keanekaragaman (Shannon-Wiener). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perambahan hutan mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan pada struktur vegetasi. Perambahan mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah kelimpahan vegetasi, nilai keanekaragaman, dan dominansi jenis (indeks nilai penting) baik pada tingkat semai, pancang, tiang dan pohon. Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo, struktur vegetasi, perambahan ABSTRACT Tesso Nilo forest is an area with a greater diversity of vascular plants and habitat for an endangered species, namely the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). This area was not spared from encroachment and conversion to plantations and settlements. Forest clearing will cause damage to forest functions and lead to the extinction of various species of flora and fauna. The purpose of this study was to determine the consequences caused by the encroachment of the structure of forest vegetation. The method used was a survey by sampling vegetation plots in the path of the location of natural forests and forests degraded due to encroachment. The results were analyzed to determine the abundance of vegetation, an index of the importance and diversity index (Shannon-Wiener). The results showed that deforestation resulted in a change in the structure of vegetation. Encroachment degrades an abundance of vegetation, the value of diversity, and dominance type (Importance Value Index) is good for seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. Keywords:  Nasional Park of Tesso Nilo, vegetation structure Cara sitasi: Kusumo, A., Bambang, A. N., Izzati, M. (2016). Struktur Vegetasi Kawasan Hutan Alam dan Hutan Rerdegradasi di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan,14(1),19-26, doi:10.14710/jil.14.1.19-26


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Pandey ◽  
L. S. Lodhiyal

Study deals with the vegetation structure and regeneration in Van Panchayat forests in Nainital of Kumaun Himalaya. The analysis of forest was done in three sites i.e. hill top, hill slope and hill base forest site. Tree density in Jungalia and Soangaon Van Panchayats ranged from 80-2070 and 50-5270 individual ha-1 respectively. Importance value index was 8.11-137.29 in Jungalia gaon Van Panchayat while 15.65-143.04 in Soangaon Van Panchayat. Species diversity ranged from 0.09-1.97 in Jungalia gaon and 0.17-0.44 in Soangaon Van Panchayat. The occurrence of higher number of seedlings in both the Van Panchayat showed good regeneration potential of tree species. International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 69-80


2015 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Laxmi J Shrestha ◽  
Mohan Devkota

A year round phytosociological study was carried out in 2012 to study different forest types in Pashupati Sacred Grove in Kathmandu Valley. Concentric circular plots (n-19) were laid down along eight parallel transects, 100 m apart from each other, traversing north and south passing through various vegetations. Our results showed that the grove had experienced change in forest types over the time period. Three forest types namely Schima-Pyrus, Moist (Myrsine- Persea) and Mixed (Quercus-Myrsine) were identified based on the importance value Index (IVI) of tree species instead of Myrsine-Schima forest which had once dominated the grove. Tree density greatly changed in different forest types and showed strong correlation between canopy cover and tree density, supporting the results of previous studies. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 27, 2013: 72-77


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuniarti Yurike Wondal ◽  
Sendy Rondonuwu ◽  
Pience V Maabuat

Abstrak Penelitian dilakukan di Pantai Kora-Kora, Kecamatan Lembean Timur, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dari Mei hingga Juni 2017. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman lamun di Pantai Kora-Kora. Penelitian menggunakan metode purposive random sampling untuk menentukan lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa di Pantai Kora-Kora, Kecamatan Lembean Timur ditemukan enam (6) jenis lamun yang termasuk dalam dua (2) suku yaitu Hidrocharitaceae meliputi Enhallus acoroides, Thallasia hemprichii, dan Halodule uninervis dan Cymodoceaceae yaitu Cydomocea rotundata, C. serrulata dan Syringodium isoetifolium.  Jenis-jenis tersebut ialah lamun yang tersebar di pesisir tropis Indo-Pasifik. Jenis yang berperan penting berdasarkan INP di Stasiun I, II dan III berturut-turut yaitu E. acoroides (58,50%), H. uninervis (58,60%) dan S. isoetifolium (63,0%). Indeks keanekaragaman jenis lamun di lokasi penelitian di Panta Kora-kora termasuk sedang (H’:1,71).   Kata kunci: Pantai Kora-Kora, keanekaragaman lamun. Abstract The research was conducted in the Kora-Kora Beach, East Lembean District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province from May to June 2017. The aim of study was to analyze the diversity of seagrass on Kora-Kora Beach. The purposive random sampling method was used in this research to determine the research locations. The results showed that Kora-Kora Beach had six (6) seagrass species that were included in two (2) families namely Hidrocharitaceae ( Enhallus acoroides, Thallasia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis) and Cymodoceaceae (Cydomocea. rotundata, C. serrulata and Syringodium isoetifolium). These seagrass species were found in the tropical Indo-Pacific coastlines. The important species based on Importance Value Index  in Station I, II and III were E. acoroides (58.50%), H. uninervis (58.60%) and S. isoetifolium (63.0%), respectively. The seagrass species diversity index in the study areas in the Kora-kora Beach was moderate (H ': 1.71).Keywords:  Kora-Kora Beach, seagrass diversity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
ISABELA GOULART CUSTÓDIO ◽  
DÉCIO KARAM ◽  
IRAN DIAS BORGES

RESUMO – O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as plantas daninhas presentes no final do ciclo da cultura do sorgo,após controle químico. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados,com 23 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os tratamentos foram aplicações de glyphosate + 2,4-D (1.500 + 1.000 g ha-1)isoladas aos 28, 21 e 7 dias antes da semeadura, e/ou associadas com atrazine + paraquat (1.000 + 300 g ha-1) no diada semeadura, e/ou atrazine (1.000 g ha-1) isolada ou sequencial em pós-emergência inicial e tardia; um tratamentoadicional com atrazine + glyphosate (1.000 + 1.500 g ha-1) no dia da semeadura, e duas testemunhas (capinada e semcapina). O estudo fitossociológico foi realizado na pré-colheita do sorgo. As plantas daninhas foram identificadas equantificadas pelo método do quadrado inventário (0,25 m²), e foram analisados os parâmetros frequência, densidade eabundância, absolutas e relativas, e o índice de valor de importância (IVI). A dessecação aos 28 dias antes da semeadura,associada à aplicação no dia do plantio com herbicidas de contato e residual, somado de aplicações em pós-emergênciainicial e tardia, reduziu a frequência, a densidade e a abundância das espécies.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 332, fitossociologia, controle.PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WEEDSIN GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE FUNCTION OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENTABSTRACT – The objective of this work was to identify the weeds present at the end of the crop cycle of sorghumafter chemical control. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 23 treatments andthree replicates. The treatments were glyphosate + 2,4-D (1500 + 1000 g ha-1), isolated at 28, 21 and 7 days beforesowing; and/or atrazine + paraquat (1000 + 300 g ha-1) on the day of sowing, and/or atrazine (1000 g ha-1) isolatedor sequential in early and late post-emergence; an additional treatment with atrazine + glyphosate (1000 + 1500 gha-1) on the day of sowing, and two controls (weeded and no weed). The phytosociological study was carried out inthe pre-harvest of sorghum. Weeds were identified and quantified using the square inventory method (0.25 m²); andthe parameters frequency, density and abundance (absolute and relative), and the importance value index (IVI) wereAnalyzed. The desiccation at 28 days before sowing, associated to the application on the day of planting with contactand residual herbicides, plus initial and late post-emergence applications reduced the frequency, density and abundanceof the species.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 332, phytosociology, control.


Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Silva de Sena ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Natanael Pereira da Silva ◽  
Renato Mendes de Oliveira ◽  
Karen Marcelle de Jesus Silva ◽  
...  

Objetivou-se identificar as principais espécies de plantas daninhas em cultivo de mangueira aos dois e oito anos após plantio. O estudo foi desenvolvido em áreas irrigados de manga ‘Palmer’ localizadas em Janaúba-MG. Para estudo fitossociológico das plantas daninhas foi utilizado o método quadrado inventário (0,25 m2). Após classificação e quantificação das espécies, foi calculado calcularam-se a frequência (F), frequência relativa (Fr), densidade (D), densidade relativa (Dr), abundância (A), abundância relativa (Ar), índice de valor de importância (IVI), índice de valor de importância relativa (IVIr) e índice de similaridade. Na área com cultivo de mangueira em produção, após oito anos do plantio, foram encontradas 17 espécies, 14 gêneros e oito famílias, sendo Sida rhombifolia a principal espécie com IVIr de 27,8%. Já na área com dois anos de plantio encontrou-se menos espécies com destaque para Paspalum urvillei com IVIr de 70,61%. O índice de similaridade entre as duas áreas foi de 18,18%. Portanto, conclui-se que nas condições locais do cultivo de mangueira de Janaúba-MG, P. urvillei e S. rhombifolia são as principais espécies encontradas em pomares após dois e oito anos após implantação, respectivamente, e além disso, estes apresentam diferentes espécies infestantes comprovado pelo valor do índice de similaridade.Palavras-chave: fitossociologia; plantas daninhas; Mangifera indica. WEED PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON MANGO ORCHARDS IN THE MINAS GERAIS SEMIARID ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the main weed species in mango cultivation at two and eight years after planting. The study was developed in irrigated areas of 'Palmer' mango located in Janaúba-MG. For weed phytosociological study, the square inventory method (0.25 m2) was used. The frequency (F), relative frequency (Rf), density (D), relative density (Rd), abundance (A), relative abundance (Ra), value index of importance (VII), relative importance value index (RIVI) and similarity index were determined. In the area with mango cultivation in production, after eight years of planting, 17 species, 14 genera and eight families were found, being Sida rhombifolia the main species, with RIVI of 27.8%. In the area with two years of cultivation were found less species, with emphasis to Paspalum urvillei, with RIVI of 70.61%. The similarity index between the two areas was 18.18%. Therefore, it is concluded that in the local conditions of the cultivation of mango of Janaúba-MG, P. urvillei and S. rhombifolia are the main species found in orchards after two and eight years after implantation, respectively, and, in addition, both present different weed species, as proven by the low similarity index value.Keywords: phytosociology; weed; Mangifera indica.


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