scholarly journals Panorama de la anatomía sistemática de la madera en Chile

2017 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Miguel Gómez ◽  
Cindy Salazar ◽  
Gloria Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Latitudinal Distribution ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Flora Of Chile ◽  
Endemic Genera

The woody Flora of Chile presents an interesting field for systematic wood anatomy studies due to its peculiar features: presence of species with wide or narrow latitudinal distribution, species with high longevity, genera with wide distribution in America but with their meridional limits in Chile, genera with disjunction distribution, endemic genera, monogeneric families, monospecific genera and genera that need a taxonomic revision. Studies related to the topic of this symposium, in Chile are scarce and there are no scientists specialized on systematic wood anatomy. However, the potentiality exists to do research on this field and it is urgent to promote the scientific formation in this area. To achieve this objective the international cooperation with other universities and research institutions is necessary.

Status of the New Zealand cave weta (Rhaphidophoridae) genera Pachyrhamma, Gymnoplectron and Turbottoplectron

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine D. Cook ◽  
Steven A. Trewick ◽  
Mary Morgan-Richards ◽  
Peter M. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Endemic Genera

The New Zealand Rhaphidophoridae Walker, 1869 comprise 18 endemic genera (including 8 that are monotypic). Although there are many new species to be described, rationalisation at the genus level is also required due to inconsistencies in their current systematics. Even the largest and best known taxa, including those that occupy cave systems and are the most frequently encountered by people, require taxonomic revision. These cave weta include species assigned to three poorly differentiated genera, Pachyrhamma Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1888, Gymnoplectron Hutton, 1897 and Turbottoplectron Salmon, 1948, that are best known from North Island New Zealand. We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data to examine their relationships using representatives of each genus. The results indicate that a single genus Pachyrhamma would be appropriate for all, as Gymnoplectron and Turbottoplectron nest phylogenetically within it. There are insufficient morphological, spatial or ecological reasons to justify retention of all three. However, we also note that species level diversity does not correlate with genetic or spatial diversity; some species are genetically well partitioned and widespread while others have narrow ranges in single cave systems and are closely related to one another.

Comparative wood anatomy of 15 Malagasy Diospyros species (Ebenaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ninah Andrianasolo Sandratriniaina ◽  
Ravo Nantenaina Ramanantsialonina ◽  
Bakolimalala Rakouth ◽  
Porter P. Lowry ◽  
Michael C. Wiemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Wood Identification ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Equitable Utilization ◽  
Diospyros Species

Abstract Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) is an important source of ebony, a precious wood used for several economically important timber products. Species are overexploited in many regions, including Madagascar, for both the national and international trade, but little is known about their wood anatomy, despite its importance for forensic identification. Wood anatomy has a major role to play in ensuring the sustainable and equitable utilization of Diospyros species that are not threatened by extinction, and in law enforcement to protect threatened species from illegal logging. This study aims to identify, describe, and test the usefulness of anatomical features to support a taxonomic revision of the genus in Madagascar and to enrich databases for wood identification. Ninety-nine wood specimens were collected from the various bio-geographical regions of Madagascar, representing 15 endemic species (twelve previously described and three new) of large trees (reaching DBH ⩾ 20 cm and/or height ⩾ 20 m) were investigated. Standard methods for wood anatomical studies were used. Statistical analysis of the data using Factorial Analysis on Mixed Data was performed for 14 wood anatomical characters. Detailed descriptions and comparisons of the wood anatomy of the 15 species are provided, along with a wood identification key. Analyses showed that all the characters are highly significant () in the separation of the species studies.

Revision of the New World genera Adelius Haliday and Paradelius de Saeger (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae: Adeliini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4571 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
EDUARDO M. SHIMBORI ◽  
MARCO A. BORTONI ◽  
SCOTT R. SHAW ◽  
CAROLINA DA S. SOUZA-GESSNER ◽  
PAULA DE C. M. CERÂNTOLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
The World ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
One New Species ◽  
First Descriptions

Species of adeliine braconids were previously described and named from all biogeographic areas of the world except the Neotropical Region. Here we present the first taxonomic revision of New World adeliines, as well as the first newly described species of both genera, Adelius and Paradelius, from the Neotropical Region. Although not commonly sampled because of their minute size and associations with leaf-mining hosts, our results indicate that adeliines actually have a wide distribution in the neotropics, especially in middle to high elevations and dry forests. In addition to redescriptions of all known Nearctic species, we present the first descriptions of the females of Adelius coloradensis and A. nigripectus, of 16 new species of the genus Adelius (A. adeleae Shimbori & Shaw sp. n., A. bolivariensis Bortoni & Penteado-Dias sp. n., A. boliviensis Bortoni & Penteado-Dias sp. n., A. caatinga Bortoni, Shimbori & Penteado-Dias sp. n., A. canadensis Shimbori & Shaw sp. n., A. ecuadoriensis Bortoni & Penteado-Dias sp. n., A. excelsus Bortoni & Shimbori sp. n., A. floridensis Shimbori & Shaw sp. n., A. gauldi Shimbori & Shaw sp. n., A. janzeni Shimbori & Shaw sp. n., A. monteiroi Souza-Gessner, Cerântola & Penteado-Dias sp. n., A. morretesiensis Bortoni, Shimbori & Penteado-Dias sp. n., A. panamensis Shimbori & Shaw sp. n., A. pentagonalis Shimbori & Shaw sp. n., A. quiteriae Souza-Gessner, Cerântola & Penteado-Dias sp. n., and A. sancticaroli Bortoni, Penteado-Dias & Shimbori sp. n.), and one new species of the genus Paradelius (P. neotropicalis Shimbori & Shaw sp. n.). Keys for the New World species of both genera are provided. 

scholarly journals Changes in International Research Cooperation in China: Positive Perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Josef Gregory Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
International Research ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
The Us

This paper discusses how cooperation between Chinese researchers and their foreign counterparts has changed. The paper draws on current literature and the author's experience as a researcher in the US and in China, arguing that while cooperation has increased overall, it has done so in ways that have crowded out old forms of cooperation or made them passé. The paper focuses particularly on how changes at leading Chinese research institutions have impacted international cooperation, both positively and negatively, and suggests ways in which foreign scholars might effectively pursue new avenues for cooperation and exchange.

scholarly journals Thirty Years’ History of International Scientific Conferences in the National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadsky

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 5001-5012
Author(s):  
Maiia Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
National Library ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Scientific Institution ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
History Of

Since the great historical event - the proclamation of the Act of Independence of Ukraine, the country has been expanding international cooperation in librarianship. The main areas of international cooperation, which is a priority in research institutions in the library business, are: conducting joint research; organization of international conferences, symposia, congresses and other events. Scientific conferences are one of the forms of dissemination of new information. In the modern information space, scientific institutions play an essential role in developing science, education and culture. Therefore, when evaluating a scientific institution, the number of international scientific and practical seminars, conferences, other events organized by the scientific institution, and materials (including collections of abstracts) of conferences are considered. Among the research institutions of Ukraine, which study the problems of library science, bibliography, bibliology, source studies, document science, archival science, biography, codicology and discography, history of book culture, computer science, social communications, the leading position is held by the most extensive library of Ukraine – the National Library of Ukraine, named after V. I. Vernadsky. Furthermore, the article analyzes the specifics of the organization of scientific conferences in a scientific institution, studies the directions and thematic content of such events, forms of conduct, their frequency during 1991-2021.

scholarly journals A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Dracophyllum Labill. (Ericaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanus Venter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Distinct Evolutionary Lineage ◽  
Australian Continent

<p>In recent years the New Zealand biogeographic paradigm has shifted from 'Moa's Ark' (Bellamy et al. 1990) to the view that most biota has dispersed here in the lastà à ± 10 My (Fleming 1975, Pole 1994, McGlone et al. 2001). Large and widely distributed genera on island archipelagos and oceanic islands are important elements for the investigation of evolutionary processes such as dispersal from continents to islands and back, adaptive radiation and in some cases extinction. The genus Dracophyllum (Ericaceae: Richeeae) occurs on the Australian continent and the New Zealand archipelago as well as on many oceanic islands in the region. With its wide distribution, ecological importance and apparent taxonomic complexity, a monograph and phylogenetic study of Dracophyllum will make a valuable contribution towards the understanding of the above- mentioned processes. There is still uncertainty about generic limits within tribe Richeeae (Dracophyllum Labill., Richea R. Br. and Sphenotoma R. Br. ex Sweet). Sphenotoma is geographically isolated (southwest Western Australia), monophyletic and forms a distinct evolutionary lineage that diverged early from Dracophyllum and Richea (Powell et al. 1996, Kron et al. 2002). The generic limits between Dracophyllum and Richea still need to be addressed, preferably by making use of DNA sequence data. There are two fundamental aims of systematics: a) to discover, describe and name all species and b) to document the changes on the branches that have occurred during evolution and to transform these into a predictive classification system that reflects evolution (Systematics 18 Agenda 2000). Systematics is therefore the study of the biological diversity that exists on earth today and its evolutionary history (Judd et al. 1999). Taxonomic revisions, especially of large groups, need to focus on groups that are monophyletic (i.e. comprising an ancestor and all of its descendents) and not constrained by geography. Generic delimitation can become problematic when the flora of a specific region is studied in isolation. Many important aspects of genotypic and phenotypic variation are then not taken into consideration, resulting in a skewed and unrealistic representation of the genus as a whole. The long list of synonyms in the southern hemisphere for the genus Veronica L. is a reflection of this situation: Paederota L., Hebe Comm. ex Juss., Derwentia Raf., Pygmaea Hook.f., Detzneria Schltr. ex Diels, Parahebe W.R.B.Oliv., Chionohebe B.G.Briggs & Ehrend., Leonohebe Heads, Heliohebe Garn.-Jones and Hebejeebie Heads.</p>

scholarly journals A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Dracophyllum Labill. (Ericaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanus Venter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Distinct Evolutionary Lineage ◽  
Australian Continent

<p>In recent years the New Zealand biogeographic paradigm has shifted from 'Moa's Ark' (Bellamy et al. 1990) to the view that most biota has dispersed here in the lastà à ± 10 My (Fleming 1975, Pole 1994, McGlone et al. 2001). Large and widely distributed genera on island archipelagos and oceanic islands are important elements for the investigation of evolutionary processes such as dispersal from continents to islands and back, adaptive radiation and in some cases extinction. The genus Dracophyllum (Ericaceae: Richeeae) occurs on the Australian continent and the New Zealand archipelago as well as on many oceanic islands in the region. With its wide distribution, ecological importance and apparent taxonomic complexity, a monograph and phylogenetic study of Dracophyllum will make a valuable contribution towards the understanding of the above- mentioned processes. There is still uncertainty about generic limits within tribe Richeeae (Dracophyllum Labill., Richea R. Br. and Sphenotoma R. Br. ex Sweet). Sphenotoma is geographically isolated (southwest Western Australia), monophyletic and forms a distinct evolutionary lineage that diverged early from Dracophyllum and Richea (Powell et al. 1996, Kron et al. 2002). The generic limits between Dracophyllum and Richea still need to be addressed, preferably by making use of DNA sequence data. There are two fundamental aims of systematics: a) to discover, describe and name all species and b) to document the changes on the branches that have occurred during evolution and to transform these into a predictive classification system that reflects evolution (Systematics 18 Agenda 2000). Systematics is therefore the study of the biological diversity that exists on earth today and its evolutionary history (Judd et al. 1999). Taxonomic revisions, especially of large groups, need to focus on groups that are monophyletic (i.e. comprising an ancestor and all of its descendents) and not constrained by geography. Generic delimitation can become problematic when the flora of a specific region is studied in isolation. Many important aspects of genotypic and phenotypic variation are then not taken into consideration, resulting in a skewed and unrealistic representation of the genus as a whole. The long list of synonyms in the southern hemisphere for the genus Veronica L. is a reflection of this situation: Paederota L., Hebe Comm. ex Juss., Derwentia Raf., Pygmaea Hook.f., Detzneria Schltr. ex Diels, Parahebe W.R.B.Oliv., Chionohebe B.G.Briggs & Ehrend., Leonohebe Heads, Heliohebe Garn.-Jones and Hebejeebie Heads.</p>

scholarly journals The Ecophysiological Performance and Traits of Genera within the Stichococcus-like Clade (Trebouxiophyceae) under Matric and Osmotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1816
Author(s):  
Anh Tu Van ◽  
Veronika Sommer ◽  
Karin Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Ionic Stress ◽  
Matric Stress

Changes in water balance are some of the most critical challenges that aeroterrestrial algae face. They have a wide variety of mechanisms to protect against osmotic stress, including, but not limited to, downregulating photosynthesis, the production of compatible solutes, spore and akinete formation, biofilms, as well as triggering structural cellular changes. In comparison, algae living in saline environments must cope with ionic stress, which has similar effects on the physiology as desiccation in addition to sodium and chloride ion toxicity. These environmental challenges define ecological niches for both specialist and generalist algae. One alga known to be aeroterrestrial and euryhaline is Stichococcus bacillaris Nägeli, possessing the ability to withstand both matric and osmotic stresses, which may contribute to wide distribution worldwide. Following taxonomic revision of Stichococcus into seven lineages, we here examined their physiological responses to osmotic and matric stress through a salt growth challenge and desiccation experiment. The results demonstrate that innate compatible solute production capacity under salt stress and desiccation tolerance are independent of one another, and that salt tolerance is more variable than desiccation tolerance in the Stichococcus-like genera. Furthermore, algae within this group likely occupy similar ecological niches, with the exception of Pseudostichococcus.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the genus Xenogryllus Bolívar, 1890 (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae, Xenogryllini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4545 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANJANA JAISWARA ◽  
JIAJIA DONG ◽  
LIBIN MA ◽  
HAISHENG YIN ◽  
TONY ROBILLARD
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Acoustic Features

Subfamily Eneopterinae has been studied for its diversified acoustic modalities and disjunct distribution. The genus Xenogryllus Bolívar, 1890 is one of the oldest genera of the subfamily, and the first genus of the tribe Xenogryllini. Xenogryllus is known for its low-frequency calling songs and wide distribution across Africa and Asia. It is known from six species and has never been subject to formal taxonomic revision and description of acoustic features of their calling songs is lacking. Therefore, this study consists of a detailed taxonomic revision of all the species. We redescribe or append their taxonomic features using external morphological features and internal genitalic structures. We update the list of Xenogryllus by describing three new spe 

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