scholarly journals Recovery during Lunch Breaks: Testing Long-Term Relations with Energy Levels at Work

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjaana Sianoja ◽  
Ulla Kinnunen ◽  
Jessica de Bloom ◽  
Kalevi Korpela ◽  
Sabine Geurts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels

Tuning the Energy Levels of Aza-Heterocycle-Based Polymers for Long-Term n-Channel Bottom-Gate/Top-Contact Polymer Transistors

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (15) ◽  
pp. 5704-5712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suxiang Ma ◽  
Guobing Zhang ◽  
Feifei Wang ◽  
Yanrong Dai ◽  
Hongbo Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Top Contact ◽  
Channel Bottom ◽  
Bottom Gate

scholarly journals Developing and Assessing Curriculum on the Physics of Medical Instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Christensen ◽  
James K. Johnson ◽  
Grace R. Van Ness ◽  
Elliot Mylott ◽  
Justin C. Dunlap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
State University ◽  
Attitudes Toward Learning ◽  
Portland State University ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Atomic Energy Levels ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Undergraduate educational settings often struggle to provide students with authentic biologically or medically relevant situations and problems that simultaneously improve their understanding of physics. Through exercises and laboratory activities developed in an elective Physics in Biomedicine course for upper-level biology or pre–health majors at Portland State University, we aim to teach fundamental physical concepts, such as light absorption and emission and atomic energy levels, through analysis of biological systems and medical devices. The activities address the properties of electromagnetic waves as they relate to the interaction with biological tissue and make links between physics and biomedical applications such as microscopy or laser eye surgery. We report on the effect that engaging students in tasks with actual medical equipment has had on their conceptual understanding of light and spectroscopy. These initial assessments indicate that students’ understanding improves in some areas as a result of taking the course, but gains are not uniform and are relatively low for other topics. We also find a promising “nonshift” in student attitudes toward learning science as a result of taking the course. A long-term goal of this work is to develop these materials to the extent that they can eventually be imported into an introductory curriculum for life sciences majors.

A protocol for initiation of nasal positive pressure ventilation

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Spessert ◽  
PB Weilitz ◽  
DM Goodenberger
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Ventilatory Assistance ◽  
Long Term Ventilation ◽  
Improve Patient

BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure related to neuromuscular weakness has commonly been managed with long-term ventilation by tracheostomy. Currently, nasal positive pressure ventilation is being used with success in this patient population. It has been suggested that initiation of nasal positive pressure ventilation is best done in an intensive care setting. METHOD: Nine patients were placed on nasal ventilation during a brief admission to a medical floor staffed by nurses trained in respiratory care. This process was facilitated by use of a standardized protocol for nursing staff that identified treatment objectives. RESULTS: Following the initiation of nasal positive pressure ventilation, this group of patients experienced near normalization of daytime measurements of partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, reported increases in daytime energy levels, and relief of nighttime signs and symptoms. These objectives were accomplished with no significant complications. Use of this protocol may also decrease length and cost of hospitalization and improve patient acceptance of noninvasive ventilatory assistance.

Investigation of Thermal Ageing in Long Term Operated RPV Materials

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Eiselt ◽  
Günter König ◽  
Hieronymus Hein ◽  
Maxim Selektor ◽  
Martin Widera
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
The Impact

The phenomenon of thermal ageing of low alloy steels comes more into focus in terms of long term operation of nuclear power plants (NPP). Safety-relevant components such as the RPV or the pressurizer have to bear the respective loads at elevated temperatures for longer times. However the mechanical properties of the applied materials might experience certain degradations such as a decrease of the impact energy levels and a shift in the ductile to brittle transition temperature (e.g. T41) leading to higher ductile-brittle reference temperatures and a reduction of material toughness. In terms of a safe long term operation it is important to understand in how far thermal ageing alone, meaning for the RPV without the cumulative damaging effects through neutron irradiation, has detrimental influences on the respective materials of interest. First of all an overview is provided of the current state of the art with respect to thermal ageing by describing influencing mechanisms, its implementation into different nuclear codes, standards and selected experimental investigations in this field. Following this, the test results of the thermal surveillance sets from three German PWRs are presented and discussed. The tested Charpy-V specimens, taken from representative RPV base and weld metals (22NiMoCr3-7 / NiCrMo1UP) as well as their heat affected zones, were exposed to ∼290°C for ∼30 years on the cold leg of the according plants’ main coolant loops. The obtained results are compared with the existing thermal aging data base (baseline and ∼7 years data) of the materials concerned. Finally, the role of thermal ageing particularly with respect to RPV irradiation surveillance will be assessed.

Observations of bottom intensification of temperature and velocity fluctuations induced by oblique tidal interactions with a slope

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Antenucci ◽  
Gregory N. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Internal Wave ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
North West ◽  
Tidal Interactions ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Linear Internal Wave ◽  
Wave Signature

Long-term measurements of temperature and velocity collected at six depths in 302 m of water off the North West Cape of Western Australia (21°37′35″S, 113°56′11″E) revealed several periods of extreme near-bed currents. The dominant forcing at the site is the M2 tide, with energy levels generally decreasing as the bottom is approached. There is, however, a dramatic change in the energy distribution for all frequencies in excess of the M4 tidal frequency between 80 and 10 m above the seabed. Waves in this frequency bandwidth are critical to the local bottom slope and show a strong linear internal wave signature; however, they do not appear to conform with linear internal wave reflection theory. Dissipation estimates reveal energetic motions with dissipation rates of ~10−5 m2 s−3. Superimposed on this ambient state, three energetic events with duration varying between 8 and 24 h can also be detected. These are characterised by large increases in energy levels in the high-frequency range, and peak speeds varying from 0.59 m s−1 to 1.87 m s−1. These events appear to be driven by direct local energy inputs at high frequencies.

The role of sirtuins in mitochondrial function and doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction

2017 ◽  
Vol 398 (9) ◽  
pp. 955-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon W. Dolinsky
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Activation Of Transcription ◽  
Cardiac Energy Metabolism ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Cardiac Energy ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Anthracycline Chemotherapy

Abstract Anthracycline chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin continue to be important treatments for many cancers. Through improved screening and therapy, more patients are surviving and living longer after the diagnosis of their cancer. However, anthracyclines are associated with both short- and long-term cardiotoxic effects. Doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is a central mechanism in the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin that contributes to impaired cardiac energy levels, increased reactive oxygen species production, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the decline in cardiac function. Sirtuins are protein deacetylases that are activated by low energy levels and stimulate energy production through their activation of transcription factors and enzymatic regulators of cardiac energy metabolism. In addition, sirtuins activate oxidative stress resistance pathways. SIRT1 and SIRT3 are expressed at high levels in the cardiomyocyte. This review examines the function of sirtuins in the regulation of cardiac mitochondrial function, with a focus on their role in heart failure and an emphasis on their effects on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. We discuss the potential for sirtuin activation in combination with anthracycline chemotherapy in order to mitigate its cardiotoxic side-effects without reducing the antineoplastic activity of anthracyclines.

scholarly journals Avalanche unstable fracturing formation model

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-179
Author(s):  
G. A. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Unstable Fracture ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Fracture Systems ◽  
Fracture Formation ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Basic Ideas

The basic ideas of the avalanche unstable fracture formation (AUF) model were for the first time presented by the scientists of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the Assembly of International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Moscow in 1971 and published in a special issue of Tectonophysics in 1972. Subsequently, numerous laboratory and in situ experiments have validated and elaborated the AUF model. The model builds on the fundamental principles of the long-term strength physics. The model is independent of the scale of a phenomenon and can be used for describing the rupture preparation not only in the earthquake sources of different energy levels but also for the dynamic events in mines and for the failures of engineering structures under long-term loading. Based on the model, the formation of the widespread en-echelon fracture systems is explained. The earthquake preparation process develops gradually suggesting the possibility to forecast the time of a future seismic event. The model substantiates self-evolution of the earthquake process.

scholarly journals An Autonomous Solar-Powered Marine Robotic Observatory for Permanent Monitoring of Large Areas of Shallow Water

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. González-Reolid ◽  
J. Molina-Molina ◽  
A. Guerrero-González ◽  
F. Ortiz ◽  
D. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Mar Menor ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Mission Simulation

Apart from their ecological value, the world’s oceans are among the planet’s most valuable resources, a rich source of food and wealth and in urgent need of protection. This article describes BUSCAMOS-RobObs, a robot-based observatory, consisting of an autonomous solar-powered marine robot with specialized sensing systems designed to carry out long-term observation missions in the inland sea of the Mar Menor in southeastern Spain. This highly specialised device is unique because it has the capacity to anchor itself to the seabed and become a “buoy”, either to take measurements at specific points or to recharge its batteries. It thus avoids drifting and possible accidents in the buoy mode, especially near the coast, and resumes monitoring tasks when the required energy levels are reached. The robot is equipped with a broad range of sensors, including side scan sonar, sub-bottom sonar, laser systems, ultrasound sonar, depth meters, a multi-parametric probe and a GPS, which can collect georeferenced oceanic data. Although various types of autonomous vehicles have been described in the literature, they all have limited autonomy (even in the long term) as regards operational time and covering the seabed. The article describes a permanent monitoring mission in the Mar Menor, with a combination of solar energy and a decision-making strategy as regards the optimum route to be followed. The energy and mission simulation results, as well as an account of actual monitoring missions are also included.

scholarly journals Factors influencing physical activity in adults with cystic fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Hurley ◽  
Niall M. Moyna ◽  
Bróna Kehoe ◽  
Noel McCaffrey ◽  
Karen Redmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Home Based

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is a well-documented and accepted adjunct therapy for the maintenance and improvement of long-term health in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although the benefits of PA for CF populations are well-established, adherence to PA programmes within this population remains low. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence engagement in physical activity, and to explore exercise preferences, among adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Participants were twenty-one adults (mean age 35 years, SD ± 8) with an established diagnosis of CF, living in Ireland. Interview scripts were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Four main themes emerged: barriers, motives, value of exercise-related outcomes, and exercise preferences. The main barriers included: low energy levels, time, the weather, and exercise-related confidence. Enjoyment and perceived competence underpinned autonomous motivation. Participants who self-identified as being regularly active valued personally identified exercise-related outcomes such as, accomplishment and affect regulation. Participants indicated a preference for home-based physical activity programs compared to gym- or facility-based programs. Conclusion Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among adults with CF should involve programs that foster autonomous motivation, enjoyable activities, personally identified outcomes, competence and that can be conducted from the home environment. Clinical implications To increase physical activity participation among adults with CF, interventions that can be conducted from the home environment, that pay attention to the patients’ personally-valued exercise outcomes may be required.

The Interfacial States between Metal/Oxide and the RRAM - Part II

2008 ◽  
Vol 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Pan ◽  
David Russell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Material System ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Data Retention ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Oxide Interfaces

AbstractSwitching resistance of a metal/oxide/metal structure (Pt/PrxCa1-xMnO3/Pt) upon the stimulation of electric pulse has triggered vast research interests and activities for next generation resistive RAM application. Continued from an earlier paper [1] that studied the mechanism of switching resistance, this paper extends to the switching endurance discussion using admittance spectra. Experimental data indicated that there exist interfacial dipoles (or states) at metal/oxide interfaces. Switching resistance comes from the change of interfacial dipoles. However, those interfacial dipoles are all meta-stable indicating the problem of long term switching endurance. We have tested many metal/PCMO contact combinations and characterized those contacts with basic memory criteria: bit separation, data retention, switch endurance, switching speed, and readout limitations. Among them, TiN/PCMO showed large bit separation, excellent data retention, and fast switching speed, but failed long term switching endurance test. Furthermore, the poor switch endurance is discussed using energy-well diagram. Therefore, a material system providing bi-stable states with reasonably large free energy separations is a must for this type of RRAM application. These energy levels can come from either structure or electrochemical potential differences at the metal/oxide interfaces.

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