PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELEASE OF OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

1960 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. CHAUDHURY ◽  
G. F. JOPLIN
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Vasopressor Activity ◽  
Hypothalamic Damage

SUMMARY 1. Oxytocic and vasopressor activity were found in human peripheral venous blood following overnight dehydration and an intravenous injection of nicotine. 2. The quantities are adequate for investigation of hypothalamic damage of moderate severity. 3. The blood levels of oxytocic activity exceed vasopressor activity.

Measurement of 5-Androsten-3β, 17β-diol in Spermatic and Peripheral Venous Blood Samples from the Same Human Subjects by a Radioimmunoassay Method

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Forti ◽  
E. Calabresi ◽  
P. Giannotti ◽  
D. Borrelli ◽  
P. Gonnelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method

Regulation of cAMP in a lymphocyte preparation isolated from peripheral venous blood in human subjects: the significance of residual thrombocytes, noradrenaline and prostaglandins

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne B. SØNDERGAARD ◽  
Jens H. KNUDSEN ◽  
Niels J. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1.The aim of the study was to elucidate the mechanism of the previously reported close correlation observed between noradrenaline and cAMP in a lymphocyte preparation (LP) isolated from peripheral venous blood in healthy subjects. A close correlation was also obtained in the present study between lymphocyte noradrenaline and adrenaline and cAMP both in the basal state and after stimulation with isoproterenol (P< 0.05 to 0.007). 2.Although 99% of the thrombocytes were removed from the LP during the washing procedure, LP contained approximately one thrombocyte per lymphocyte. The noradrenaline concentration in LP which could be ascribed to residual thrombocytes, calculated from the average noradrenaline concentration in thrombocytes and the number of thrombocytes in LP, correlated closely to noradrenaline in LP (P< 0.007). 3.To test the hypothesis that noradrenaline in LP was primarily derived from plasma, we studied three patients with phaeochromocytoma, who had high levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline both in plasma and in LP. 4.Further studies showed that the addition of thrombocytes to LP increased cAMP. The response was inhibited by indomethacin, whereas the addition of cimetidine and propranolol had no effect on basal or thrombocyte-stimulated cAMP. 5.We conclude that noradrenaline in LP is a marker of the number of residual thrombocytes. The addition of thrombocytes to LP increased cAMP in lymphocytes. This response was not mediated by catecholamines but possibly by prostaglandins.

Effect of a single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin on testosterone levels in testicular interstitial fluid, and in testicular and peripheral venous blood in adult rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Maddocks ◽  
B. P. Setchell
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats

ABSTRACT We have used a push–pull cannula to collect interstitial fluid from the testes of anaesthetized rats at various times after a single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 50 IU), and compared the levels of testosterone in this fluid with the levels in testicular and peripheral venous blood collected at the same times. Following hCG injection, significant increases in testosterone concentrations were observed in all fluids with notable peaks occurring in interstitial fluid at 2, 8 and 24 h, in testicular venous blood at 2, 8 and 30 h, and in peripheral venous blood at 2, 8, 24 and 72 h. The results demonstrate for the first time that changes in testosterone concentrations in interstitial fluid can be different from those in testicular venous blood. In addition, when testosterone levels in interstitial fluid were compared with levels in testicular venous blood at each time-point, the results suggested that the partitioning of testosterone between these two compartments can be regulated. Furthermore, the changes in both interstitial fluid and testicular venous blood levels of testosterone do not always parallel those in peripheral venous blood, suggesting that changes in testicular blood flow and peripheral clearance rates of testosterone may also be important in the control of circulating testosterone concentrations. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 311–316

Testosterone concentrations in testicular interstitial fluid collected with a push–pull cannula or by drip-collection from adult rats given testosterone or aminoglutethimide

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Maddocks ◽  
B. P. Setchell
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Contralateral Testis ◽  
Fluid Levels

ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the differences in testosterone concentrations measured in testicular extracellular interstitial fluid obtained with a push–pull cannula or by post-mortem drip-collection. In the first experiment, testosterone-filled silicone elastomer capsules (2–16 cm lengths) or empty 2 cm capsules were implanted s.c. in adult male rats for 1 week. Animals were then anaesthetized and interstitial fluid was collected with a push–pull cannula for 1 h from one testis in each animal. Testicular and peripheral venous blood were then sampled and supernatant fluid was collected from the dispersed cells of the same testis. The contralateral testis in each animal was removed, and post-mortem interstitial fluid obtained by drip-collection for 20 h at 4 °C. In animals given empty capsules, testosterone concentrations in drip-collected interstitial fluid were significantly (P < 0·01) greater than testicular and peripheral venous blood levels, testicular fluid levels, and levels in interstitial fluid calculated from push–pull cannula samples. The concentrations of testosterone calculated in interstitial fluid collected with a push-pull cannula were never significantly greater than testicular venous blood levels. In animals with testosterone-filled capsules, testosterone concentrations measured in drip-collected interstitial fluid were similar to those calculated from push–pull cannulae samples, and to testicular venous blood levels. In a second experiment, a group of adult male rats was pretreated with aminoglutethimide to block steroidogenesis. Two hours later, interstitial fluid was drip-collected from the testes of these animals and from a group of vehicle-treated controls. For each animal, one testis was placed on ice and interstitial fluid collected for only 10 min, while the contralateral testis was kept at 4 °C and interstitial fluid collected for 20 h. In control animals, testosterone concentrations in interstitial fluid collected for 20 h were significantly (P < 0·01) greater than those in interstitial fluid collected for 10 min. In animals pretreated with aminoglutethimide, testosterone concentrations at 10 min and 20 h were not significantly different, and did not differ from those in control samples collected for 10 min. We believe these results support earlier suggestions that the post-mortem drip-collection technique may give misleading results, and indicate that testosterone synthesis and secretion continues after isolation of the testis. This may also be the case with other Leydig cell products. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 303–309

Effect of Chlorpromazine on Pituitary ACTH Secretion in the Dog

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Egdahl ◽  
John B. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Acth Secretion ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Function

Effect of chlorpromazine on adrenal cortical function has been determined by measuring 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in adrenal venous blood of dogs following intravenous injection of the drug. It was found that approximately half of the animals had significant adrenal responses to the injection of 1.3–3.3 mg./kg of chlorpromazine, and that all animals responded to dosages of 3.5 mg./kg and above. The adrenal response was abolished by hypophysectomy, ruling out a direct action of the drug on the adrenal gland. The response was unaffected by maintaining high peripheral blood levels of hydrocortisone. These observations suggest that chlorpromazine stimulates the release of ACTH from the adenohypophysis.

Platelet Hyperaggregability in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease and Effects of Aspirin

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kusunoki ◽  
K Kimura ◽  
K Nagatsuka ◽  
Y Isaka ◽  
O Uyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cerebral Angiogram ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Carotid Arterial ◽  
Platelet Hyperaggregability ◽  
The Brain

SummaryPlatelet aggregation was studied in 24 patients in the chronic stage of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD), with cerebral affluent and effluent blood, i.e., carotid arterial and internal jugular venous blood, and also with peripheral venous blood. Aggregation tests were performed at various final concentrations of sodium arachidonate (A.A.) and ADP. In 17 patients, not taking aspirin, platelet aggregability in jugular venous blood was significantly accentuated compared with that in arterial and peripheral venous blood. This tendency was more marked in the patients with cerebral artery stenosis and/or occlusion than in those with normal cerebral angiogram. In 7 patients taking 500 mg or more oral aspirin, aggregation differences across the brain were not observed and A.A. aggregation and the second phase of ADP aggregation were completely suppressed. These results suggest that a prophylactic administration of aspirin may be beneficial for patients in chronic stage of CVD.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

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