scholarly journals Measurement of the Time Required for a Termite to Pass Through Tunnels with Different Curvatures

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (64) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungwoo Sim ◽  
Sang-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Qualitative Analysis of the Way Peer Support Specialist Roles Change Over Time in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting in Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Jonathan Kuek ◽  
Yuan Qi ◽  
Ziqiang Li ◽  
Kah Lai Yow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required

AbstractThe current study seeks to determine how peer support roles change as peer support specialists’ positions within organizations and departments mature. We followed ten peer support specialists over the course of a year, interviewing them at three points, starting approximately three months after they began working as peer support specialists. We used an inductive process to analyze our data and followed guidelines on the structuring of longitudinal qualitative trajectories to divide the data into watershed moments. Our participants worked in a variety of departments in the hospital, and their service use experiences generally echo those of their service users. Participants appear to pass through four phases over the course of their employment as peers: early beginnings, establishing the role, role narrowing, and role sustainability. Services wishing to integrate new peers must be aware of the time required for integration. Having general job descriptions limited to specifying that peers are expected to use their lived experience to support current service users may lead to uncertainty amongst new and existing staff. Without role clarity, peers may struggle to find their place. Pairing new staff with mentors may limit this burden. As roles consolidate, boundaries may emerge. If these boundaries narrow the role of the PSS, they may no longer find the role appealing. They may then choose other caregiver roles with wider or different spheres of influence. Organizations may benefit by clearly indicating if they expect peer support positions to be static or transitionary.

A shadowing approach to passage through resonance

1990 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Saddle Points ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Resonance Zone ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required

SynopsisLeading order approximations are given by a patching method for passage through resonance in the case when the resonance zone contains saddle points. The approximations are uniformly valid regardless of the length of time required to pass through the resonance. Accuracy for extended time periods is obtained by asking not for approximate solutions with specified initial values, but for approximate solutions which are “shadowed” by exact solutions in the resonance zone.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Radiation Dose in UV-Disinfection Flow Reactors

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artichowicz ◽  
Luczkiewicz ◽  
Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Direct Radiation ◽  
Radiation Zone ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required

UV-disinfection reactors may appear in a variety of forms, but it is useful for all types to identify the inflow and outflow zones (those in which the fluid approaches or, respectively, recedes from the radiation source) and the direct radiation zone (in which the flow occurs along the UV lamp). Due to the spatial variability of the velocity field and the radiation intensity, the radiation doses received in different zones of a reactor differ. In this work, theoretical considerations regarding functions describing the variability of UV radiation doses in flow reactors are presented. The most basic parameter of a UV-disinfection reactor is the minimal time required by the fluid to pass through the reactor. Such time depends on the maximum fluid velocity in the reactor. Based on the theoretical analysis of this phenomenon, the doses in different zones of the reactor have been compared for laminar and turbulent flows. The result of the analysis states that UV-disinfection reactors should be designed in such a way to deliver the required amount of radiation to the point at which the fluid velocity is the highest. The other main conclusion resulting from this comparison yields that the most effective in terms of disinfection is the direct radiation zone, whereas the influence of the inflow and outflow zones is negligible.

scholarly journals Comparative biology of the two sister species of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laura Carbajal de la Fuente ◽  
Vanda Cunha ◽  
Nathanielly Rocha ◽  
Catarina Macedo Lopes ◽  
François Noireau
Keyword(s):  
Sister Species ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biological Differences

INTRODUCTION: Triatoma pseudomaculata and T. wygodzinskyi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) are two Brazilian vectors of Chagas disease. The first is an arboricolous species in sylvatic environment and considered a vector of T. cruzi in peridomestic structures; the second, a rupicolous species in the wild environment of no epidemiological importance. In order to test the assumption that sister species share biological traits, comparative studies of their development cycle and blood ingestion were conducted. METHODS: Eggs laid by five field females of each species were randomly selected. The nymphs were observed daily and fed on mice weekly. The time required to pass through the different stages to adulthood was recorded in days. The triatomines were weighed individually before and after feeding. The mortality rate according to each nymphal stage was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results shows that they display only minor biological differences even though they exhibit a distinct ecology. This suggests that the biological traits are important criteria to determine the relationship between species.

scholarly journals Measuring Passenger Car Unit (PCU) at Four Legged Roundabout using Time Occupancy Data Collected from Drone

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Fadhlullah Apriandy ◽  
Ruhdi Faisal ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Passenger Car Unit ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Traffic Operation

This study aims to measure the values of passenger car unit (PCU) at a four-legged roundabout based on the time occupancy data in complex traffic operation. Within mixed traffic, the PCUs are needed as a equivalency factor to convert various type of vehicles to a standard unit. The unit of PCU was used to determine capacity and level of service of specific the traffic condition. The composition of vehicles going through the intersection,  mostly varies and each type of vehicles tends to have diverse effects on capacity and level of services. Consequently, a conversion factor from various vehicles to a standard vehicle is required.   The data of this study was collected using a drone at the investigated roundabout at one of the major roundabouts in Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The method used was the vehicle's time occupancy, in which  calculated from  the average time required by each vehicle to pass through the roundabout area. The results show that the PCU values obtained is 0.16 for motorcycle, 0.59 for rickshaw, 1.07 for pickup, 1.91 for a medium vehicle, and 3.76 for the heavy vehicle. These results should be utilized for converting various type of vehicles into PCUs to estimate capacity and level of services, especially at the roundabout trafict. This results may be suitable to revise the Indonesian Traffic Code, named Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997, and useful for ongoing national-level efforts to upgrade the  Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual.

scholarly journals Patterns of Ice Formation and Movement in Blackcurrant

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carter ◽  
Rex Brennan ◽  
Michael Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Nucleation Event ◽  
Initial Nucleation ◽  
Infrared Video ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Initial Freezing

Ice formation and movement in stems, leaves, and flowers of blackcurrant were observed by infrared video thermography. Stem sections bearing leaves and racemes were cooled slowly to as low as -6.4 °C and allowed to freeze without artificial nucleation. Ice formed in stems first, then moved from stems into leaves and racemes. Patterns of ice movement were complex and depended upon the temperature of the initial nucleation event. Individual flowers froze between -1.6 and -5.5 °C. Survival of flowers after a cooling treatment depended upon whether they froze and the amount of freezing that occurred in the peduncles to which they were attached. Some flowers survived the initial freezing treatments but later died because of peduncle damage. Movement of ice from stems into peduncles sometimes was observed to occur in discrete steps, separated by time and temperature. Several independent freezing events were often observed in a peduncle, rather than one continuous event. Pedicels attached to frozen peduncles often remained supercooled for several minutes to over an hour before freezing. No consistent pattern was evident during freezing of individual flowers in an inflorescence. The range of temperature over which flowers in a single inflorescence froze was in some instances over 4 °C. Both mature and immature flowers supercooled. Barriers to movement of ice appeared to exist at certain anatomical junctions within the plant, notably where the peduncle of an inflorescence attaches to a stem and where a flower pedicel joins a peduncle. The time required for ice to pass through these barriers was inversely related to the degree of supercooling that had occurred prior to freezing.

Growth and Survival of Larval Herring (Clupea harengus) in Relation to Prey Density

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Werner ◽  
J. H. S. Blaxter
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required

Growth and survival rates were determined for 4- to 12-wk-old herring larvae (Clupea harengus) reared at prey densities of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 Artemia nauplii/mL. The time required for food to pass through the gut in relation to prey density was also estimated.The results indicate that significant deleterious effects occur when larvae are reared at the two lowest prey densities. Survival was reduced at 0.03 Artemia/mL and growth was lowered at 0.03 and 0.1 Artemia/mL. Growth depensation leading to size hierarchies was not correlated with prey density. Food passed through the gut more rapidly at high prey densities. The threshold prey density above which changes in numbers of prey have little effect on survival or growth was estimated to lie between 0.1 and 0.3 Artemia/mL, possibly near 0.17 Artemia/mL.Key words: fish larvae, herring, feeding ecology, predator-prey

scholarly journals Pathway and Speed of Calcium Movement from Blood to Mineralizing Enamel

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadafumi Kawamoto ◽  
Masaharu Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Transitional Region ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Proximal Side ◽  
Distal Side ◽  
Diffusion Speed ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required

We studied by autoradiography the distribution of 45Ca in the enamel organ of frozen rats 4.3, 6.1, 7.8, 10.6 and 13.7 sec after an IV injection. The intercellular junctions of the proximal side of the smooth-ended ameloblast (SA) and the distal side of the ruffle-ended ameloblast (RA) were closed to calcium. The junctions of the distal side of SA, the proximal side of RA, and both sides of the secretory stage ameloblasts were not. The time required for calcium to pass through the ameloblast layer was less than 1.8 sec in the secretory stage and SA region. The time in the RA region was 3.5–6.3 sec. In the transitional region from RA to SA, a band of strong radioactivity appeared from the papillary layer of RA region towards the enamel of the SA region. The radioactivity in the secretory stage enamel increased almost linearly with time. The diffusion speed of calcium in the enamel was more than 50 μm for 1.8 sec in the maturation stage and less than 15 μm for 9.4 sec in the secretory stage. These results indicate that in the secretory and SA regions calcium moves to the enamel surface through the intercellular spaces of ameloblasts and in the RA region via RA cells.

THE RATE OF PASSAGE OF FEED THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF THE MINK

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Sibbald ◽  
D. G. Sinclair ◽  
E. V. Evans ◽  
D. L. T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Late Stages

The time required for carmine-dyed rations to pass through the digestive tracts of mink in the late stages of growth was observed in four separate experiments with the same nine groups of animals, all of which were involved in a nutritional study. Each group received a different ration; five of the rations were based on conventional moist ingredients and four were composed of dry ingredients. In a total of 502 observations the mean time of passage was 142 minutes with a range from 62 minutes to 215 minutes. No consistent sex or diet differences in passage time were demonstrated.

THE RATE OF PASSAGE OF FEED THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF THE MINK

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Sibbald ◽  
D. G. Sinclair ◽  
E. V. Evans ◽  
D. L. T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Late Stages

The time required for carmine-dyed rations to pass through the digestive tracts of mink in the late stages of growth was observed in four separate experiments with the same nine groups of animals, all of which were involved in a nutritional study. Each group received a different ration; five of the rations were based on conventional moist ingredients and four were composed of dry ingredients. In a total of 502 observations the mean time of passage was 142 minutes with a range from 62 minutes to 215 minutes. No consistent sex or diet differences in passage time were demonstrated.

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