THE RATE OF PASSAGE OF FEED THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF THE MINK

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Sibbald ◽  
D. G. Sinclair ◽  
E. V. Evans ◽  
D. L. T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Late Stages

The time required for carmine-dyed rations to pass through the digestive tracts of mink in the late stages of growth was observed in four separate experiments with the same nine groups of animals, all of which were involved in a nutritional study. Each group received a different ration; five of the rations were based on conventional moist ingredients and four were composed of dry ingredients. In a total of 502 observations the mean time of passage was 142 minutes with a range from 62 minutes to 215 minutes. No consistent sex or diet differences in passage time were demonstrated.

THE RATE OF PASSAGE OF FEED THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF THE MINK

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Sibbald ◽  
D. G. Sinclair ◽  
E. V. Evans ◽  
D. L. T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Late Stages

The time required for carmine-dyed rations to pass through the digestive tracts of mink in the late stages of growth was observed in four separate experiments with the same nine groups of animals, all of which were involved in a nutritional study. Each group received a different ration; five of the rations were based on conventional moist ingredients and four were composed of dry ingredients. In a total of 502 observations the mean time of passage was 142 minutes with a range from 62 minutes to 215 minutes. No consistent sex or diet differences in passage time were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Time required to move cash through slot machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Kelly ◽  
Carl James Schwarz ◽  
Ricardo Gomez ◽  
Kim Marsh
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rest Breaks ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical study on the time needed to load and disburse cash using bill validators on slot machines and stand-alone cash dispensers in casinos in British Columbia under a Ticket In Ticket Out (TITO) system. Design/methodology/approach Testing took place over two days, using 18 machines. The results were extrapolated to estimate the approximate time required to process $1,000,000 with different average bill amounts in the cash mix and three different bill validator machines in common use. The average value per bill using the cash mix used by the public in the casino was $33.11 [standard error (SE) $2.11]. Findings The mean time/accepted note ranged from 4.12 to 9.65 s, depending on bill validator type. This implies that the time needed to load $1,000,000 onto credit slips using bill validators on slot machines ranges from 35 to 81 h, excluding rest breaks and other breaks. The time needed to redeem $1,000,000 is estimated to be 3 h. Practical/implications The implications of these finding for illicit actors to successfully launder large amounts of cash are discussed. Given the time needed to physically handle the cash, and other control systems currently in use in casinos in British Columbia, processing large amounts of cash using bill validators on slot machines would require a highly organized team that would find it difficult to elude detection. Originality/value The trial results provide a baseline estimate to be used going forward when investigating or proposing money laundering methodologies that include slot machines.

Treatment of hyperthyroidism with a small single daily dose of methimazole

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Mashio ◽  
Mutsuo Beniko ◽  
Akemi Ikota ◽  
Hiroaki Mizumoto ◽  
Haruhiko Kunita
Keyword(s):  
Divided Dose ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Daily Dose Regimen ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels

Abstract. A prospective randomized trial with the conventional divided doses (10 mg 3 times daily, N = 29) and a small single daily dose (15 mg once daily, N = 25) of methimazole for the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism was performed. Within 8 weeks, almost 80% of the patients in both groups became euthyroid. The mean time required to achieve the euthyroid state was 6.0 ± 2.8 and 6.0 ± 3.8 weeks, respectively. TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin was found in about 90% of the patients in both groups before methimazole treatment. However, a gradual fall of its levels was observed in nearly all patients after treatment. There was no difference in the mean levels of TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin between the two groups during therapy. We conclude that the single daily dose regimen of 15 mg of methimazole will control Graves' hyperthyroidism in most patients, and TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin levels decrease in this regimen in the same way as with the conventional divided dose regimen (10 mg 3 times daily).

scholarly journals Antithrombotic properties of hemofilter coated with polymer having a hydrophilic blood-contacting layer

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Tagaya ◽  
Kazunobu Hara ◽  
Shunsuke Takahashi ◽  
Saki Nagoshi ◽  
Hiroki Handa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Biocompatible Polymer ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Antithrombin Activity ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

Objective: Extracorporeal circulation devices are coated with a biocompatible polymer coating agent (BPCA) that has a hydrophilic blood-contacting layer, but hemofilters are not. We aimed to investigate the antithrombotic properties of a BPCA-coated hemofilter. Methods: Four experiments using BPCA-coated circuits and non-coated hemofilters and four experiments using BPCA-coated circuits and BPCA-coated hemofilters were performed with whole human blood and compared by measuring the circuit pressure every 5 min, antithrombin activity every 40 min, and thrombin–antithrombin complex every 40 min, for a total of 240 min of recirculation. Results: The mean time required for the pressure at the inlet of the hemofilter to increase sharply was longer in BPCA-coated than in non-coated hemofilters (66 ± 11 min vs 25 ± 9 min, p < 0.01). The mean antithrombin activity value at 200 and 240 min of recirculation was significantly higher in the experiments with BPCA-coated versus non-coated hemofilters (43.3 ± 2.87 vs 33.3 ± 5.74, p = 0.04; 42.8 ± 3.59 vs 31.0 ± 5.35, p = 0.01, respectively); the antithrombin activity values at the other time points were not significantly different. Furthermore, all thrombin–antithrombin complex values in experiments with the BPCA-coated hemofilters achieved overrange at 80 min of recirculation, whereas those with the non-coated hemofilter achieved overrange at 40 min. Conclusion: This study suggests that BPCA-coated hemofilters can inhibit antithrombin consumption, contributing to antithrombotic effects in extracorporeal circulation circuits.

Timing should no Longer be an Obstacle to Oocyte Cryopreservation in Patients with Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Mangili ◽  
Enrico Papaleo ◽  
Cristina Sigismondi ◽  
Rossella Masciangelo ◽  
Veronica Sarais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Oocyte Cryopreservation ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Mean Time

Purpose Anticancer treatment-related infertility is preventable with oocyte cryopreservation, but this is often not considered a relevant issue, due to lack of knowledge and time. The aim of this study is to prove that adequate organization of an Oncofertility Unit and the use of new protocols for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) can reduce the time required by the procedure, encouraging consultants and patients to preserve fertility before gonadotoxic treatments. Methods A total of 125 patients diagnosed with malignant tumors were referred to the Oncofertility Unit of San Raffaele Hospital: 52 patients between April 2011 and October 2013 and 73 patients between October 2013 and November 2015. The 2 periods differ in office organization and type of COS protocol used. Results Between the 2 periods, a reduction in the mean number of days required from first counseling to the initiation (6.45 ± 1.058 vs 1.61 ± 0.228) and the end of the COS (17.83 ± 1.227 vs 13.70 ± 0.393) was observed (p<0.0001). No differences exist in the groups between the mean time required to complete COS (11.38 ± 0.360 vs 12.17 ± 0.309; p = 0.11) and mean number of frozen oocytes (8.458 ± 1.060 vs 10.30 ± 0.919; p = 0.22). Furthermore, in the second period, the number of patients who accepted fertility preservation increased (46.15% vs 64.38%; p<0.05). Conclusions Renewed organization of the Oncofertility Unit and the newest random-start COS protocol allowed us to shorten the time for oocyte cryopreservation and start anticancer treatment on time.

scholarly journals The impact of angling experience on the efficiency of float fishing using different hook types

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Czarkowski ◽  
Andrzej Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the catch efficiency of novice and experienced anglers float fishing with different hook types. The mortality of fish that were caught and released was determined based on the experience of the angler and the type of hook used. The mean catch rates of the experienced angler was 46.7 fish per hour, while that of the novice angler was 33.7 fish per hour. The landing efficiency of fish using hooks with micro-barbs was higher than that with barbless hooks. Angling experience had a significant impact on the mean time required to unhook caught fish and also on the mortality of the fish released. The lowest mortality was noted in fish caught by experienced anglers fishing with barbless hooks. The results of the study suggest that angling experience does not have a great impact on parameters characterizing the quality of angling catches. The efficiency of float fishing performed by novice and experienced anglers was similar. Differences were noted in the time required to unhook the fish and in the mortality of the fish released.

scholarly journals Trashepatic left gastric vein embolization in the treatment of recurrent hemorrhaging in patients with schistosomiasis previously submitted to non-derivative surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Fernandes Saad ◽  
Álvaro Razuk ◽  
Gustavo José Politzer Telles ◽  
Jong Hun Park ◽  
Fernando Pinho Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Left Gastric Vein ◽  
Percutaneous Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

CONTEXT: Non-derivative surgical techniques are the treatment of choice for the control of upper digestive tract hemorrhages after schistosomotic portal hypertension. However, recurrent hemorrhaging due to gastroesophagic varices is frequent. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of treatment based on embolization of the left gastric vein to control the reoccurrence of hemorrhages caused by gastroesophagic varices in patients with schistosomiasis previously submitted to non-derivative surgery. METHODS: Rates of reoccurrence of hemorrhages and the qualitative and quantitative reduction of gastroesophagic varices in patients undergoing transhepatic embolization of the left gastric vein between December 1999 and January 2009 were studied based on medical charts and follow-up reports. RESULTS: Seven patients with a mean age of 39.3 years underwent percutaneous transhepatic embolization of the left gastric vein. The mean time between azigoportal disconnections employed in combination with splenectomy and the percutaneous approach was 8.4 ± 7.3 years, and the number of episodes of digestive hemorrhaging ranged from 1 to 7 years. No episodes of reoccurrence of hemorrhaging were found during a follow-up period which ranged from 6 months to 7 years. Endoscopic postembolization studies revealed reductions in gastroesophagic varices in all patients compared to preembolization endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transhepatic embolization of the left gastric vein in patients with schistosomiasis previously submitted to surgery resulted in a decrease in gastroesophagic varices and was shown to be effective in controlling hemorrhage reoccurrence.

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE MUSKRAT IN MANITOBA: PART I. OESTROUS CYCLE AND BREEDING SEASON

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
J. A. McLeod ◽  
G. F. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

A study of oestrus in female muskrats was conducted during the summers of 1950 and 1951 as part of a five year investigation of the biology of the muskrat in Manitoba. Two captive females examined daily by the vaginal smear method from June 30 to Aug. 10, 1950, inconclusively indicated an oestrous cycle length of about 30 days which agreed with the findings of Beer on Wisconsin muskrats. In 9151 10 female muskrats of various ages and of different lengths of time in captivity were examined daily beginning on March 13 and continuing until August 15. The data obtained at this time showed a considerable variation in the lengths of the oestrous cycles in different females or, even, in the same individual from time to time. The minimum time required for the completion of an oestrous cycle was found to be two days while the maximum time observed was 22 days. On the basis of 136 complete oestrous cycles studied, the modal time was found to be approximately four days and the mean time 6.1 days. The longer cycles found by ourselves in 1950 and by Beer are interpreted as representing pseudopregnancies and not oestrous cycles. Failure of muskrats to mate in captivity or in the wild during the latter part of the summer is attributed to sexual inactivity of the males and not the females.

Dietary lupins (Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus) can increase digesta retention in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
N. J. Gannon ◽  
R. J. van Barneveld ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Protein Cell ◽  
Daily Gain

Lupins are high in crude protein, cell wall materials, and gross energy but uncertainty about the bioavailability of nutrients and adverse effects on feed intake limit their use in the pig industry. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of lupins on retention time in the digestive tract by determining the average time it took for ingested polyethylene beads to pass through the digestive tract of pigs fed wheat-based diets containing various lupin species and fractions. In Expt 1, pigs were restrictively fed (1.8 kg/day) diets containing either predominantly wheat or predominantly wheat plus 400 g/kg peas or L. angustifolius seeds or kernels. The retention times of diets containing 400 g/kg of L. angustifolius seeds or kernels were significantly greater than those containing wheat alone (66.4 and 64.3 v. 48.8 h, P < 0.05, s.e.d. = 7.7 h), while that for the diet containing 400 g/kg peas was intermediate (55.8 h). In Expt 2 and 3, pigs were fed 1 of 6 wheat-based diets balanced for digestible energy (DE) and amino acid composition and containing either animal protein or 350 g/kg of peas, and L. angustifolius seeds or kernels, or L. albus seeds and kernels. Pigs were restrictively fed (1.5 kg/day) for Expt 2 or fed ad libitum for Expt 3. The mean retention time of the L. albus diets was greater than the other diets in both experiments. Feed intake and daily gain were reduced in pigs fed diets containing L. albus. Despite having lower feed intakes, pigs fed diets containing L. albus had more digesta in the stomach and small intestine at slaughter than the pigs consuming the diets not containing lupins. Appropriate physical treatment or enzymatic supplementation of L. albus diets may alleviate some of the feed intake problems.

Learning a 720-Item Paired-Associate List by a Part Method: Effect of List Length on Learning Time Per Item

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Mark S. Sanders ◽  
Arthur L. Dudycha
Keyword(s):  
List Length ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Paired Associate List ◽  
Distribution Scheme ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

20 Ss learned a 720-item paired-associate list by the progressive parts method, using a self-paced procedure. The items simulated those of a mail-distribution scheme learned by mail sorters. The stimuli were verbal and/or numerical while all responses were two-digit numbers. Learning was carried to 95% criterion. The mean time required to learn 20 new items each session showed a definite learning-to-learn effect over the 36 sessions. The cumulative total study time was a perfect linear function of the number of items learned. Thus, the mean total time required to learn each item (102 sec.) was independent of the number of items learned.

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