Conspecific and Predator Perception of the Red Oophaga pumilio Morph from the Central Caribbean of Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Chaves-Acuña ◽  
Luis Sandoval ◽  
Pierre-Paul Bitton ◽  
Gilbert Barrantes ◽  
Adrián García-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio

scholarly journals Behavioural preference for low levels of UV-B radiation in two neotropical frog species from Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-340
Author(s):  
Joseph A. DeMarchi ◽  
Andrew Britton ◽  
Kaylee O'Donnell ◽  
Ralph A. Saporito
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Behavioural Adaptation ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Diurnal Species

Abstract:Tropical frogs experience damaging effects from exposure to UV-B radiation, and some diurnally active, conspicuous species exhibit avoidance behaviours to high levels of UV-B. To determine if similar behaviours are present in other diurnal frogs, we experimentally compared UV-B avoidance in two common species of neotropical diurnal frogs – Oophaga pumilio, an aposematic poison frog and Craugastor bransfordii, a cryptic leaf-litter frog – in response to different levels of UV-B. Wild-caught frogs were tested in experimental arenas fitted with filters that permitted two different levels of UV-B (low: 14% vs. high: 84% UV-B). Both species spent significantly more time under the low UV-B filter, suggesting that behavioural preferences for lower levels of UV-B are common to different diurnal species. Furthermore, male O. pumilio significantly preferred lower levels of UV-B, whereas females did not exhibit a preference for lower UV-B, which may suggest differences in UV-B exposure or sensitivity and/or alternative mechanism(s) to avoid UV-B between sexes. Although limited in scope, the findings of our study suggest that UV-B avoidance may be a behavioural adaptation common to all diurnal frogs.

Spatial and temporal patterns of alkaloid variation in the poison frog Oophaga pumilio in Costa Rica and Panama over 30 years

Toxicon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Saporito ◽  
Maureen A. Donnelly ◽  
Poonam Jain ◽  
H. Martin Garraffo ◽  
Thomas F. Spande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Poison Frog ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio

Landscape resistance to movement of the poison frog,Oophaga pumilio, in the lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Nowakowski ◽  
B. Otero Jiménez ◽  
M. Allen ◽  
M. Diaz-Escobar ◽  
M. A. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Poison Frog ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

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