Effects of Relative Size on Growth Rate and Time to Metamorphosis in Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum)

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Doyle ◽  
Joseph R. Nolan ◽  
Howard H. Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Ambystoma Talpoideum

scholarly journals Incrementalism and Structural Change: A Technical Note

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi ◽  
Asghar Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Initial Wealth ◽  
The Rich

In the pursuit of social justice, the problem of relative economic inequality in developing countries deserves serious consideration. With the help of a formal analytical framework, the present paper shows that the essential elements of a solution of the problem are structural change, focusing on narrowing down the difference in initial wealth holdings, and an active 'incrementalist' policy of keeping the growth rate of the income of the poor significantly higher than the growth rate of the income of the rich. Naive egalitarianism, requiring only the equality of these two growth rates in the name of moderation, will only create an explosive situation in which economic inequality will keep on increasing. It is further argued that in the context of solving the problem the critical points are the ones where the income and wealth gaps begin to narrow down. Once these points are reached, relative inequality will be finally eliminated in a fairly short time regardless of the relative size of the initial wealth holdings. Policy action to achieve the stated objective will require a marriage of structural change and incrementalism rather than an emphasis on one to the neglect of the other.

scholarly journals Coupe préparatoire et croissance en surface terrière d'une sapiniére de seconde venue à la forêt modèle du Bas-Saint-Laurent, Québec

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zarnovican ◽  
Jean-Martin Lussier ◽  
Claude Laberge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Crown Characteristics ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Balsam fir basal area growth was studied 5 years after the preparatory cut in the context of natural regeneration by the shelterwood system. The study was carried out in a 60-year-old second-growth balsam fir-yellow birch stand. The felling trials were realized in 16 plots and consisted of control and three felling regimes (15, 30 and 45% of removed basal area). The periodic (5 years) mean growth rate on dbh of trees in plots varies between 6 and 12% in response to felling intensity. The basal area of plots presents a mean periodic growth rate of 7.4% independently of felling intensity. There are highly significant correlations between the live crown characteristics and periodic basal area growth. This growth is highly correlated with inital diameter and intensity of felling. The trees of higher relative size are more productive than the others and the impact of felling on periodic basal area growth is significant when the intensity of felling is greater than 30%. Conversely, the ratio between periodic basal area growth after treatment and periodic basal area growth before treatment is correlated only with the intensity of felling. Finally, intensity of felling had no effect on periodic basal area growth per square meter of crown projected area. Key words: preparatory felling, basal area growth, balsam fir

scholarly journals A Contribution to the Study of Relative Growth of Parts in Inachus Dorsettensis

1928 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
M. E. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Relative Growth

1. The relative growth-rate of the various parts of the body was investigated by analysis of linear measurements carried out on the carapace, appendages, and abdomen. 2. The results were as follows: (a) The chelar propus shows strong positive heterogony in the ♂ and very slight positive heterogony in the ♀. The ♂ chela shows dimorphism, the ♂♂ being differentiated into "high" and "low" forms and the dimorphism in all probability being due to the fact that the ♂ chela assumes the ♀ type of growth to a greater or less extent in the non-breeding season. (b) The pereiopods are more positively heterogonic in the ♂ than the ♀ and in both ♂ and ♀ there is a graded k series, but whereas in the ♂ k increases from P1-P4, in the ♀ the series is reversed k being greatest for P1. In both sexes the heterogony in the pereiopods is not so marked as that of the chelar propus. In the ♂ the pereiopods suffer an actual decrease in absolute size at the time when the relative growth-rate is least for the chelar propus and after this period never again attain to their original relative size.

The Growth of the Pituitary Body in the Female Rabbit

1932 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
MARJORIE ALLANSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Rabbit ◽  
Straight Line

1. In order to determine the relation of pituitary weight to body weight in the female rabbit, data were collected from 48 female rabbits. These data appear to fall on a straight line when the logarithm of the pituitary weight is plotted against the logarithm of cleaned body weight, and a straight line was fitted using the formula y = axk. The value of the constant k was found to be 0.61. 2. From the data from 31 male rabbits a straight line was obtained by the same formula. The value of the constant k was found to be 0.57 as compared with the value 0.55 obtained by Robb for male rabbits. 3. The growth rate of the pituitary does not show any marked difference after puberty in male and female rabbits as has been recorded for the rat (Hatai). 4. Ten female rabbits were killed at varying periods after copulation and the relation of pituitary weight to body weight examined. No change in the relative size of the pituitary was detectable by the methods used, and it is concluded that any change in weight of the pituitary following copulation, if it occurs, must be slight.

Comparison of early height growth between white spruce seedlings and rooted cuttings

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3246-3250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Beaulieu ◽  
M Bernier-Cardou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Growth Features

Early height growth of eastern white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) rooted cuttings was compared with that of seedlings using annual measurements collected over 5 years in a farm field test replicated on three sites. The experiment included 148 full-sib families obtained from controlled crossings of superior trees selected for a white spruce breeding population in Quebec. Fifteen additional seedlots were used as controls. The average growth rate of seedlings (37.3 cm·year–1) was slightly larger than that of rooted cuttings (36.2 cm·year–1). The yearly growth rate increased over the test period, and it did so at a somewhat higher rate for the seedlings. The relative size of the estimated variance components and the moderate rank correlations of full-sib family height growth features between the two propagule types suggest that tree breeders should favour seedlings over rooted cuttings to rank families for selection purposes, but vegetative propagation would prove useful for bulking up scarce valuable genotypes.

Corporate Culture, Customer Orientation, and Innovativeness in Japanese Firms: A Quadrad Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Deshpandé ◽  
John U. Farley ◽  
Frederick E. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Japanese Companies ◽  
Relative Profitability

“Quadrads” (double dyads) of interviews, each conducted with a pair of marketing executives at a Japanese vendor firm and a pair of purchasing executives at a Japanese customer firm, provided data on corporate culture, customer orientation, innovativeness, and market performance. Business performance (relative profitability, relative size, relative growth rate, and relative share of market) was correlated positively with the customer's evaluation of the supplier's customer orientation, but the supplier's own assessment of customer orientation did not correspond well to that of the customer. Japanese companies with corporate cultures stressing competitiveness (markets) and entrepreneurship (adhocracies) outperformed those dominated by internal cohesiveness (clans) or by rules (hierarchies). Successful market innovation also improved performance.

Effect of age, growth rate, and ontogeny on the otolith size – fish size relationship in bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, and the implications for back-calculation of size in fish early life history stages

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1909-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Hare ◽  
Robert K. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Otolith Size

The otolith size – fish size relationship was examined in field-collected larval and pelagic juvenile bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix. The purpose was to evaluate the central assumption of proportional back-calculation techniques, namely that otolith and somatic growth are in constant proportion. Age-independent variability was found between otolith size and fish size that differed between ontogenetic stages. Stage-specific growth rate effects were also identified. Finally, the otolith size – fish size relationship changed at certain ontogenetic stage transitions. These effects, as well as others that have been found, are discussed with regard to the assumption of constant proportionality between otolith growth and fish growth. In light of this discussion, the overall validity of constant proportionality becomes suspect when applied to the early life history stages of fishes. Future work should take a longitudinal approach to the analysis of the relationship between otolith growth and somatic growth. In addition, regression and proportional methods should be modified to account for growth rate and ontogenetic effects. Finally, a relative size approach is presented that is appropriate in situations that require only relative measures of fish size. This relative size approach has several benefits and these are discussed in relation to other back-calculation procedures.

Effect of genotype and position in the ear on carpel and grain growth and mature grain weight of spring barley

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Scott ◽  
Margaret Appleyard ◽  
Gwynneth Fellowes ◽  
E. J. M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Days After Anthesis

SUMMARYGrain growth and final weight per grain were measured in 12 genotypes of spring barley, the parents and progeny of two six-row × two-row crosses. Weight of carpels or grains from node 10 on the main shoot ear was measured from shortly after meiosis until grains were at maximum dry weight. Similar measurements were made at representative node positions along the ear of Proctor and of Midas spring barley cultivars.From about 10 days after anthesis grains grew at a constant rate for about 3 weeks. Amongst genotypes growth rate of the median grain ranged from 1·4 to 2'2 mg/day and there was a very highly significant positive correlation between growth rate and final grain weight. A similar relationship was found among grain positions on the ear. For about 10 days after anthesis growth was exponential and although relative growth rate did not differ between genotypes or grain positions there was a highly significant difference between caryopsis weights during this phase. There were significant correlations between final grain weight and carpel weight at anthesis and between final grain weight and husk weight at anthesis. In the period between meiosis and anthesis growth was exponential and the relative growth rate did not differ between genotypes or node positions on the ear. There were significant differences between carpel weights during this phase. Carpel weight at anthesis and carpel linear dimensions at meiosis were correlated.These data suggest that the initial size of carpel is an important factor in determining growth rate and potential grain weight. Potential grain size in barley may be determined by physical limitations imposed by the lemma and palea or may be causally related to the size of the carpel. The relative size of the carpel is determined by the time of meiosis and potential size may also be affected by pre-anthesis conditions.

scholarly journals Migration, Skill Composition and Growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. R5-R19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Bae Kim ◽  
Paul Levine ◽  
Emanuela Lotti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Labour Mobility ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Skill Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
New Eu Member States

The UK, with its relatively liberal immigration policies following recent enlargements, has been one of the main recipients of migrants from new EU member states. This paper poses the questions: what is the effect of immigration on a receiving economy such as the UK? Is the effect beneficial or adverse for growth? Does emigration have brain drain effects on sending economies? How differently would skilled (or unskilled) migration affect both receiving and sending economies? What factors would contribute to immigration/emigration benefits/costs and economic growth driven by migration? Who are the winners and losers in both the sending and host regions? We utilise a two-bloc endogenous growth model with labour mobility of different skill compositions to address these questions. We show that migration, in general, is beneficial to the receiving country and increases the world growth rate. With remittances, the sending country in aggregate can also benefit. The only exception is in the case of unskilled migration, which can actually have a detrimental impact on the world growth rate. This possibility however seems to be unlikely by our examination of migration trends. Winners are migrants, and the skill group in the region that sees its relative size decrease.

Annual-shoot growth and branching patterns in Nothofagus dombeyi (Fagaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Puntieri ◽  
D Barthélémy ◽  
P Martinez ◽  
E Raffaele ◽  
C Brion
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Annual Shoot ◽  
Nothofagus Dombeyi ◽  
Axillary Branches

During the growing seasons 1994-1995 and 1995-1996, weekly measures of length and number of internodes and morphological observations were made on annual shoots of 11- to 21-year-old Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Blume trees growing in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Growth period and shoot size at the end of the extension period were highly variable. Four main types of annual shoots could be identified according to the death or persistence of the apical meristem and the development or not of axillary branches during the growth season of main stem extension. For all shoots the maximum growth rate took place in late November and was followed by a slower growth rate or cessation of growth in early December to early January. For those shoots with a long growth period, a second growth peak took place in late January-February, and only those shoots with a growth rate higher than 35-40 mm/week developed axillary branches as they elongated. Results from bud dissections suggest that the early growth rate peak corresponded to the development of those structures preformed at the time of bud break. The death of the apical meristem of a shoot affected both the position and the relative size of axillary branching on that shoot.Key words: Nothofagus, annual shoot, growth dynamics, branching pattern.

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