The Growth of the Pituitary Body in the Female Rabbit

1932 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
MARJORIE ALLANSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Rabbit ◽  
Straight Line

1. In order to determine the relation of pituitary weight to body weight in the female rabbit, data were collected from 48 female rabbits. These data appear to fall on a straight line when the logarithm of the pituitary weight is plotted against the logarithm of cleaned body weight, and a straight line was fitted using the formula y = axk. The value of the constant k was found to be 0.61. 2. From the data from 31 male rabbits a straight line was obtained by the same formula. The value of the constant k was found to be 0.57 as compared with the value 0.55 obtained by Robb for male rabbits. 3. The growth rate of the pituitary does not show any marked difference after puberty in male and female rabbits as has been recorded for the rat (Hatai). 4. Ten female rabbits were killed at varying periods after copulation and the relation of pituitary weight to body weight examined. No change in the relative size of the pituitary was detectable by the methods used, and it is concluded that any change in weight of the pituitary following copulation, if it occurs, must be slight.

scholarly journals Effect of groundnut meal containing aflatoxin on Cynomolgus monkeys

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. J. Cuthbertson ◽  
A. C. Laursen ◽  
D. A. H. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Aflatoxin B

1. Both male and female Cynomolgus (Macaca irus) monkeys survived for 3 years without apparent ill health when fed on diets containing groundnut meal to provide up to 0·36 μg aflatoxin B1per g diet and thus supplying a mean daily consumption of up to 2 μg aflatoxin B1per kg body-weight. No histological changes attributable to aflatoxicosis were discovered in any of the organs from the monkeys receiving these quantities of aflatoxin.2. Few monkeys survived for more than a month or two when given a diet containing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1per g, which provided about 50 μg aflatoxin B1per kg body-weight per day.3. No depression in growth rate nor effect on health was noted in those monkeys which survived on diets containing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1, nor in any of the other monkeys.4. Histological changes were observed in the livers of all monkeys receiving the diet containing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1per g for more than a month or two, but no abnormalities related to aflatoxicosis could be detected in any of the other organs, except for minor changes in the kidneys of two monkeys.5. No tumours were seen in any of the monkeys, even in those surviving for 3 years on diets providing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1/g. Thus, no conclusions can be drawn from this work as to the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin in monkeys (still less in man), because the animals were young and little is known of the duration of exposure required to demonstrate carcinogenicity in this species.

scholarly journals Milchaufnahme und Wachstumsleistung der Saugkälber (Kreu-zungstiere Galloway x F1 Galloway x Holstein Friesian) einer Mut-terkuhhaltung. Einflüsse durch das Geschlecht und das Alter des Kalbes sowie durch das Alter der Kuh

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
M. Steinhardt ◽  
H.-H. Thielscher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Body Weight Difference ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Milk Ingestion

Abstract. Title of the paper: Milk ingestion and growth performance of suckler calves (cross breeds Galloway x F1 Galloway x Holstein Friesian) from a cow-calf operation. Effects of sex and of life age of calf and of the age of dam On cross breeds (Galloway x F1 Galloway x Holstein Friesian; 12 calves from first pregnancy, 13 calves from second pregnancy; 10 male and 15 female) in a cow-calf operation measurements of body weight were done repeatedly during growth after separating the calves from the dams for 150 min and than again after the calves had contacted the dams for 60 min. Measurements took place always at the same daytime. Milk ingestion of calves was assessed by way of body weight difference method. Acute body weight difference varied markedly between calves and increased with age. The fraction of positive weight difference of all measurements was between 57,1 % and 91,8 % in calves from first pregnancy and between 54,8 % and 90,5 % in calves from second pregnancy the means of which were not significantly different. Mean acute positive body weight changes developed with life age and body growth with different degree in male and female calves. Greatest acute positive body weight changes of calves could be measured at 40 to 70 days of age (70 kg to 100 kg body weight). Growth rate of calves showed greater inter- and intraindividual variation within the first 10 days of life age. Differences in growth rate between male and female calves were more profound in calves from first then in those from second pregnancy.

scholarly journals Milchaufnahme und Wachstumsleistung von Saugkälbern der Deutschen Rotbunten und der Deutschen Schwarzbunten im alten Typ während der Winterstallhaltung Einflüsse durch das Geschlecht und das Alter des Kalbes

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
M. Steinhardt ◽  
H.-H. Thielscher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weight Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Milk Ingestion

Abstract. Title of the paper: Milk ingestion and growth performance of suckler calves born during winter stalling from German Red and White breed and from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation On 14 calves from German Red and White breed and on 17 calves from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation measurements of body weight were done repeatedly during growth after separating the calves from the dams for 150 min and than again after the calves had contacted the dams for 60 min. Measurements took place always at the same daytime. Milk ingestion of calves was assessed by way of body weight difference method. Acute body weight difference varied markedly between calves and increased with age. The fraction of positive weight difference of all measurements was between 60 % and 86,2 % (male 60 % and 86,2 %; female 67,6 % and 80,6 %) in DRB breed and between 69,1 % and 89,3 % (male 72,9 % and 89,3 %; female 69,1 % and 82,6 %) in DSB breed. Means of all measurements showed a significant difference of acute positive body weight change and of growth rate between breeds and sexes. Mean acute positive body weight changes developed with life age and body growth with different degree in male and female calves. Growth rate of calves showed greater inter- and intraindividual variation from 1 to 10 days of life age. Differences in growth rate between male and female calves were more profound in DRB breed than in DSB breed.

scholarly journals Effect of Non-Conventional and Conventional Fodder on Growth Performance of Goats in Farmers Field Condition

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
M. R. Tiwari ◽  
N. L. Tamrakar ◽  
H. R. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Daily Gain

The present experiment was carried out on farmers’ goats in their sheds in Rayale village of Kavre district for 150 days. Eighteen khari goats (both male and female), 8-12 months old and having similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups comprising of six individuals in each group. Three types of rations were formulated for the experimental goats. Feed intake by experimental goats in terms of green and dry matter was significantly different (P&lt;0.05) between the treatment groups. Growth rate of the goats fed with top dressed maize stover (treatment 2) was higher than the treatment 3 (seasonal fodder adlib + 200 g concentrate mixture) and treatment 1 (1/2 maize stover silage + seasonal fodder adlib + 200 g concentrate mixture). The lowest average daily gain (ADG) was found in treatment 3 where goats were fed conventional fodder and grasses supplemented with concentrate (18.4 g) followed by treatment 1 (24.6 g). <i> Nepal Journal of Science and Technology </i> Vol. 7 2006

Age and growth of the little Indian squid, Loliolus hardwickei (Gray, 1849) in the Arabian Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 1621-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurichithara Kunjumony Sajikumar ◽  
Geetha Sasikumar ◽  
Gishnu Mohan ◽  
Vasant Kripa ◽  
Puthenpurackal Simon Alloycious ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

AbstractAge and growth of the little Indian squid Loliolus hardwickei (Gray, 1849) were studied using samples collected in the coastal waters of Arabian Sea. Statolith increment counts demonstrated that L. hardwickei has a fast growth rate (dorsal mantle length: 0.31–0.73 mm day−1 in females and 0.27–0.56 mm day−1 in males) and a short lifespan of less than 6 months. Females are the larger sex and their daily growth rates were higher than in males. The oldest male and female were 110 and 130 days old; the youngest mature female and male were 62 and 52 days old respectively. The oviducal fecundity ranged from 104–480 eggs, mean = 360 eggs (14–23 eggs g−1 body weight).

Age estimation by measurement of pouch young of the Quokka (Setonix brachyurus).

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Shield ◽  
P Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Growth

Removal of pouch young of Setonix can lead to the resumption of development of quiescent blastocysts. Thirty-six pouch young obtained in this way have been used in this study. As the time in days from resumption of development to parturition is known, accurate ages may be calculated without actual birth or copulation being observed. These 36 animals have been repeatedly measured during their pouch life, and body weight, pes length, and tail length over the full term of pouch occupancy are given as regressions of these measures versus age. Larger-scale regressions are given for the first 80 days of pouch life. A tabulation based on the three regressions and giving average measures at stated ages is also given. During pouch life there is no difference in growth rate between male and female pouch young. Growth proportions of field-reared and compound-reared animals of comparable nutritional status are also similar. It is therefore considered that growth rates are equal, and that the age-estimation procedure established on compound-reared animals is applicable to field animals.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF GROWTH RATE OF WADARA CALVES IN THE SUB-SAHELIAN REGION OF BORNO STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
J. A. Ibeawuchi ◽  
I. D. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Linear Regression Function ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

Data on birth weight and growth rate from birth to 12 months of age of 90 Wadara calves maintained at the University of Maiduguri Livestock Farm from 1980 - 1987 period were studied. Mean birth weight was 25.5±2.6kg; 26.7 ±2.04kg for 40 males and 24.3±3.19kg for 50 females. The linear regression function was fitted on monthly body weight in two parts: 0-6 months and 6-12 months. Maximum gain in body weight was attained during 6 to 12 months of age in the male (8.30±0.50kg) and 0 to 6 months in the female (0.54±1.07kg). The difference in the rate of gain between the periods to 6 and 6 to 12 months in each of the sexes was highly significant (P< 0.01). Body weights at birth and at various ages were higher (P < 0.05) for the male than the female calves. The relative growth rate was rapid in both sexes during the first 3 months and was appreciable to the 7th month of age before declining progressively. The value in the first quarter was 18.0± 1.86 and 20.2 ± 1.60 percent for the male and female calves respectively.

scholarly journals Growth curve establishment for American Bronze turkeys (short communication)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Ersoy ◽  
M. Mendeş ◽  
S. Aktan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Absolute Growth

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to establish the growth curves parameters of American Bronze turkeys. The weekly body weight changes of male and female turkeys were recorded during 11 to 24 weeks of age. The Richards' growth model fitted the turkey weight and age (week) data. Profile analysis was also applied to weight-age data in order to get more detailed information about the differences in the live weights of male and female turkeys in consecutive weeks. Estimates for mature body weight were found as 9720.40 ± 971.33 g and higher for males than for females as 6029.96 ± 316.55 g. Based on Richards’ model, male turkeys matured more slowly and it was needed that a more time to reach mature body weight than female turkeys. Results of profile analysis supported those results. Estimates for the absolute growth rate, absolute maturing rate and relative growth rate values were higher for females when compared to males. Male turkeys reached the maximum growth rate at 16.30 weeks of age whereas female ones reached the maximum growth rate at 12.85 weeks of age. Live weights of male and female turkeys, when both reached the maximum growth rate, were 3475.61 g and 2156.06 g, respectively. Male turkeys reached 80 % of their mature weights at 24 weeks of age, whereas female ones reached 92% of their mature weight.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Understanding the Interaction Effects between Dietary Lipid Content and Rearing Temperature on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Fat Deposition of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Lydia Katsika ◽  
Mario Huesca Flores ◽  
Yannis Kotzamanis ◽  
Alicia Estevez ◽  
Stavros Chatzifotis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Fish Group

This study was conducted to elucidate the interaction effects of temperature and dietary lipid levels (2 × 2 factorial experiment) on the growth performance, muscle, and liver composition in adult farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Two groups of fish (190 g; 60 fish per group) were distributed in 12 tanks in triplicates and kept at two different temperature regimes; one starting at 23 °C and then changed to 17 °C for 61 days, and the other starting at 17 °C and then changed to 23 °C for 39 days. Two commercial diets containing both ~44% crude protein but incorporating different dietary lipid levels, 16.5% (D16) and 20.0% (D20) (dry matter (DM)), were fed to the fish to apparent satiation; the type of diet fed to each fish group remained constant throughout the experiment. Final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly higher for the fish group held at 23 °C compared to the fish group at 17 °C (before the temperature changes), while the dietary fat content did not have any profound effect in both groups. Furthermore, the different temperature regimes did not affect muscle or liver composition, but, on the contrary, dietary lipids affected hepatosomatic, perivisceral fat, and visceral indexes. Feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate were not affected by the dietary lipid level. An interaction of temperature and dietary lipid content was observed in daily feed consumption (DFC) and final body weight (FBW).

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