Low-Dose Studies of Bystander Cell Killing with Targeted Soft X Rays

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schettino ◽  
M. Folkard ◽  
K. M. Prise ◽  
B. Vojnovic ◽  
K. D. Held ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Bystander Cell

Low-Dose Binary Behavior of Bystander Cell Killing after Microbeam Irradiation of a Single Cell with Focused CKX Rays

2005 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Schettino ◽  
Melvyn Folkard ◽  
Barry D. Michael ◽  
Kevin M. Prise
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
Bystander Cell ◽  
Microbeam Irradiation

Reactive oxygen species in cell responses to toxic agents

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Feinendegen
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Particle Tracks ◽  
Dose Radiation

This review first summarizes experimental data on biological effects of different concentrations of ROS in mammalian cells and on their potential role in modifying cell responses to toxic agents. It then attempts to link the role of steadily produced metabolic ROS at various concentrations in mammalian cells to that of environmentally derived ROS bursts from exposure to ionizing radiation. The ROS from both sources are known to both cause biological damage and change cellular signaling, depending on their concentration at a given time. At low concentrations signaling effects of ROS appear to protect cellular survival and dominate over damage, and the reverse occurs at high ROS concentrations. Background radiation generates suprabasal ROS bursts along charged particle tracks several times a year in each nanogram of tissue, i.e., average mass of a mammalian cell. For instance, a burst of about 200 ROS occurs within less than a microsecond from low-LET irradiation such as X-rays along the track of a Compton electron (about 6 keV, ranging about 1 μm). One such track per nanogram tissue gives about 1 mGy to this mass. The number of instantaneous ROS per burst along the track of a 4-meV ¬-particle in 1 ng tissue reaches some 70000. The sizes, types and sites of these bursts, and the time intervals between them directly in and around cells appear essential for understanding low-dose and low dose-rate effects on top of effects from endogenous ROS. At background and low-dose radiation exposure, a major role of ROS bursts along particle tracks focuses on ROS-induced apoptosis of damage-carrying cells, and also on prevention and removal of DNA damage from endogenous sources by way of temporarily protective, i.e., adaptive, cellular responses. A conclusion is to consider low-dose radiation exposure as a provider of physiological mechanisms for tissue homoeostasis.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Radiation Activates Akt and Nrf2 in the Kidney of Diabetic Mice: A Potential Mechanism to Prevent Diabetic Nephropathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xing ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Minglong Shao ◽  
Qingyue Tong ◽  
Guirong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nrf2 Expression ◽  
Dose Radiation

Repetitive exposure of diabetic mice to low-dose radiation (LDR) at 25 mGy could significantly attenuate diabetes-induced renal inflammation, oxidative damage, remodeling, and dysfunction, for which, however, the underlying mechanism remained unknown. The present study explored the effects of LDR on the expression and function of Akt and Nrf2 in the kidney of diabetic mice. C57BL/6J mice were used to induce type 1 diabetes with multiple low-dose streptozotocin. Diabetic and age-matched control mice were irradiated with whole body X-rays at either single 25 mGy and 75 mGy or accumulated 75 mGy (25 mGy daily for 3 days) and then sacrificed at 1–12 h for examining renal Akt phosphorylation and Nrf2 expression and function. We found that 75 mGy of X-rays can stimulate Akt signaling pathway and upregulate Nrf2 expression and function in diabetic kidneys; single exposure of 25 mGy did not, but three exposures to 25 mGy of X-rays could offer a similar effect as single exposure to 75 mGy on the stimulation of Akt phosphorylation and the upregulation of Nrf2 expression and transcription function. These results suggest that single 75 mGy or multiple 25 mGy of X-rays can stimulate Akt phosphorylation and upregulate Nrf2 expression and function, which may explain the prevention of LDR against the diabetic nephropathy mentioned above.

Low-dose effects of X-rays and negative pions on the pronuclear zygote stage of mouse embryos

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michel ◽  
H. Blattmann ◽  
I. Cordt-Riehle ◽  
H. Fritz-Niggli
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Zygote Stage ◽  
Low Dose Effects

The Relative Biological Effectiveness of Low-Dose Mammography Quality X Rays in the Human Breast MCF-10A Cell Line

2015 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. Mills ◽  
Christopher Thome ◽  
David Koff ◽  
David W. Andrews ◽  
Douglas R. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Relative Biological Effectiveness ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

Dose Response of Soft X-Ray-Induced Bystander Cell Killing Affected byp53Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Tomita ◽  
Munetoshi Maeda ◽  
Katsumi Kobayashi ◽  
Hideki Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
Bystander Cell ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Optimal LDR to Protect the Kidney From Diabetes: Whole-Body Exposure to 25 mGy X-rays Weekly for 8 Weeks Efficiently Attenuates Renal Damage in Diabetic Mice

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932581878984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Fengsheng Li ◽  
Guanjun Wang ◽  
Weiying Guo ◽  
Shan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Renal Expression

To explore an optimal frequency of whole-body low-dose radiation (LDR) to protect the kidney from diabetes, type 1 diabetic mice were induced with multiple injections of low-dose streptozotocin in male C57BL/6J mice. Diabetic or age-matched normal mice received whole-body exposure to 12.5 or 25 mGy either every other day or weekly for 4 or 8 weeks. Diabetes decreased the urinary creatinine and increased the microalbumin in urine, renal accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal, and renal expression of collagen IV and fibronectin. All these renal pathological and functional changes in diabetic mice were significantly attenuated by exposure to LDR at all regimens. However, whole-body exposure of diabetic mice to 25 mGy weekly and to 12.5 mGy every other day for 8 weeks provided a better prevention of diabetic nephropathy than other LDR regimens. Furthermore, whole-body exposure to 25 mGy weekly for 8 weeks showed no detectable effect on the kidney of normal mice, but whole-body exposure to normal mice at 12.5 mGy every other day for 8 weeks increased urinary microalbumin and renal expression of collagen IV and fibronectin. These results suggest that whole-body exposure to LDR at 25 mGy weekly is the optimal condition of LDR to protect the kidney from diabetes.

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