scholarly journals PREDATION BY ARGYRODES TRIGONUM ON LINYPHIA TRIANGULARIS, AN INVASIVE SHEET-WEB WEAVER IN COASTAL MAINE

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Houser ◽  
Daniel T. Jennings ◽  
Elizabeth M. Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Linyphia Triangularis

Effect of phenology on agonistic competitive interactions between invasive and native sheet-web spiders

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Houser ◽  
Adam H. Porter ◽  
Howard S. Ginsberg ◽  
Elizabeth M. Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Very High

The phenologies of introduced relative to native species can greatly influence the degree and symmetry of competition between them. The European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Linyphiidae) reaches very high densities in coastal Maine (USA). Previous studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively affects native linyphiid species, with competition for webs as one mechanism. We documented phenological differences between L. triangularis and three native species that illustrate the potential for the reversal of size-based competitive advantage over the course of the year. To test whether relative size influences interaction outcome, we allowed a resident spider to build a web and then introduced an intruder. We examined whether the outcomes of agonistic interactions over the webs were influenced by the species of the resident (invasive or native), the relative size of the contestants, and the species × size interaction. We found that the importance of relative size differed among species. In interactions between L. triangularis and each of two native species, size played a greater role than resident species on the outcome of interactions, suggesting that competitive advantage reverses over the season based on phenology-related size differences. Linyphia triangularis had a negative impact on the third species regardless of relative size.

scholarly journals ALLOMETRY OF GENITALIA AND FIGHTING STRUCTURES IN LINYPHIA TRIANGULARIS (ARANEAE, LINYPHIIDAE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 870-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Funke ◽  
Bernhard A. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Linyphia Triangularis

THE PREY OF THE SPIDER LINYPHIA TRIANGULARIS (CLERCK) (ARANEAE, LINYPHIIDAE)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Short Time

In a study of the natural foods of the spider, Linyphia triangularis (Clerck), a weekly 3-hour watch of 50 webs was kept from May 1 to October 15. A total of 581 insects representing 153 species entered webs during the observation periods. Most of these were represented by very few individuals, and more than half of the spiders' diet was supplied by about 20 species of prey. Most of the prey were winged adults. Most of the species were present in the community in the adult stage for a short time only. Thus over the season the spider exploited a constantly changing complex of prey species. At any one time the spider relies on a very few species for most of its food. Of all the insects in the community, only those with certain characteristics of distribution, morphology, and behavior are available to the spiders. Suitable characteristics occur in a wide range of distantly related species; thus the spider is not restricted in its prey to any taxonomic group. From the insects that enter the webs the spider exercises some selection. There is a strong suggestion that new or strange species entering a web tend to be rejected on their first few entries, but if they continue to enter they will eventually be accepted.

Detoxification Strategies of Two Types of Spiders Revealed by Cypermethrin Application

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Achim Nielsen ◽  
Jørgen Clausen ◽  
Søren Toft
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxification Enzyme ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis ◽  
A Minor

In order to compare the detoxification capacities of two species of spiders, Linyphia triangularis and Pardosa prativaga were exposed to a commonly used pesticide, cypermethrin (a chlorinated pyrethroid). Two detoxification enzyme systems — glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) — were assayed as biomarkers. The two species of spiders have different life-styles and eat different food, and in our experiment were at different stages of their life-cycle. Therefore, differences in detoxification strategies could be expected. From our results, we suggest two different strategies. L. triangularis had a generally high basal level of GST, which could be further induced by exposure to cypermethrin. The basal activity of GSH-Px was relatively low, and no response to toxic exposure could be traced. Thus, this enzyme plays only a minor role in the detoxification process of cypermethrin in L. triangularis. In P. prativaga, a low basal GST activity was found. However, the basal level of GSH-Px was comparable to that of L. triangularis. A significant rise in GSH-Px activity (with t-butyl-hydroxyperoxide as substrate) was apparent 12 hours after exposure. This may indicate that P450 enzyme systems are involved in the cypermethrin metabolising process in P. prativaga. In addition, GSH-Px activity (with H2O2 as substrate) could be traced in P. prativaga but not in L. triangularis, indicating that a true peroxidase system is active in P. prativaga.

A 4-year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 668-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Jakob ◽  
Adam H. Porter ◽  
Howard Ginsberg ◽  
Julie V. Bednarski ◽  
Jeremy Houser
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Acadia National Park ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis

Invasive spiders pose potential threats to native spiders. In 2002, the European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) was discovered in all but one county in Maine. At Acadia National Park, we conducted a 4-year study of L. triangularis and three native linyphiid species of a similar size ( Frontinella communis (Hentz, 1850), Pityohyphantes subarcticus Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943, and Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1842)). Using line-transect surveys, we measured population densities in coastal and forest habitat. The density of L. triangularis varied across years but was always significantly higher on the coast than in the forest. In contrast, only one native species was present on the coast and at very low numbers. Coastal L. triangularis were larger and in better condition than those in the forest, and numbers and biomass of insect prey were also higher on the coast. In 2 years, we also conducted transects at a second coastal location in Maine where the invader was at low density. At that site, native densities were substantially higher than at either Acadia site. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that L. triangularis is reducing populations of native spiders. Companion studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively impacts natives by usurping both web sites and webs.

scholarly journals The spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) in the landscape reserve "Yakhnivsky" (Kyiv region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
E. Grynyk ◽  
E. Singayevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the species composition and relative abundance of spiders in pine and alder forests within the Yakhnovsky reserve have been studied; 46 species of spiders which represent 17 families were found. It was found that quantitatively in the pine forest spiders of the families Linyphiidae (43,4 %) and Araneidae (42,9 %) prevail, and in the alder forest – Tetragnathidae (37 %) and Linyphiidae (34 %). In the herbaceous layer of the pine forest, spiders of Araneidae family dominated quantitatively, and in the litter dominated Linyphiidae spiders – 91 %. In the herbaceous layer of the alder forest Tetragnathidae spiders quantitatively dominated – 34 %, and in the litter layer Linyphiidae and Tetragnathidae, are dominants – respectively, 32 % and 43 %. The dominant species for the grass and litter layers were revealed (according to the Tischler scale): in the pine forest, these are Mangora acalypha (48,6 %), Linyphia triangularis (18,85 %) and Leptothrix hardyi (89 %); in the alder forest – Linyphia triangularis (24,1 %), Metellina segmentata (23 %), Tetragnatha pinicola (18,8 %) and Piratula hygrophila (38,5 %) with Pachygnatha listeri (19,2 %), in accordance with indicated tiers. Nine species of spiders were identified, of which five species – Agroeca cuprea (family Liocranidae), Bathyphantes nigrinus, Dicymbium nigrum, Floronia bucculenta and Neriene montana (family Linyphiidae), are indicated for the first time for the territory of Kiev Polesie, and four species, for the first time for Ukrainian Polesie: Cheiracanthuim elegans (family Cheiracanthiidae), Leptothrix hardyi, Sintula spiniger and Walckenaeria alticeps (family Linyphiidae). For these species is given the data on faunal material, places and methods of collection, distribution and ecological features. According to our own research and literary sources, the territory of Kiev Polesie currently includes 150 species of spiders. The indices of faunistic similarity and species diversity of the surveyed biotopes were calculated, an arealogical analysis was performed.

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