A 4-year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 668-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Jakob ◽  
Adam H. Porter ◽  
Howard Ginsberg ◽  
Julie V. Bednarski ◽  
Jeremy Houser
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Acadia National Park ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis

Invasive spiders pose potential threats to native spiders. In 2002, the European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) was discovered in all but one county in Maine. At Acadia National Park, we conducted a 4-year study of L. triangularis and three native linyphiid species of a similar size ( Frontinella communis (Hentz, 1850), Pityohyphantes subarcticus Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943, and Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1842)). Using line-transect surveys, we measured population densities in coastal and forest habitat. The density of L. triangularis varied across years but was always significantly higher on the coast than in the forest. In contrast, only one native species was present on the coast and at very low numbers. Coastal L. triangularis were larger and in better condition than those in the forest, and numbers and biomass of insect prey were also higher on the coast. In 2 years, we also conducted transects at a second coastal location in Maine where the invader was at low density. At that site, native densities were substantially higher than at either Acadia site. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that L. triangularis is reducing populations of native spiders. Companion studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively impacts natives by usurping both web sites and webs.

Effect of phenology on agonistic competitive interactions between invasive and native sheet-web spiders

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Houser ◽  
Adam H. Porter ◽  
Howard S. Ginsberg ◽  
Elizabeth M. Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Very High

The phenologies of introduced relative to native species can greatly influence the degree and symmetry of competition between them. The European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Linyphiidae) reaches very high densities in coastal Maine (USA). Previous studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively affects native linyphiid species, with competition for webs as one mechanism. We documented phenological differences between L. triangularis and three native species that illustrate the potential for the reversal of size-based competitive advantage over the course of the year. To test whether relative size influences interaction outcome, we allowed a resident spider to build a web and then introduced an intruder. We examined whether the outcomes of agonistic interactions over the webs were influenced by the species of the resident (invasive or native), the relative size of the contestants, and the species × size interaction. We found that the importance of relative size differed among species. In interactions between L. triangularis and each of two native species, size played a greater role than resident species on the outcome of interactions, suggesting that competitive advantage reverses over the season based on phenology-related size differences. Linyphia triangularis had a negative impact on the third species regardless of relative size.

scholarly journals Changes in number and distribution of hippoptamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in the Sabie River, Kruger National Park, during the 1992 drought

Koedoe ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Reduced Flow

The 1991/92 drought in Southern Africa and the effect of the resultant reduced flow of the Sabie River on hippopotami was investigated. Hippopotami are counted annually in the Kruger National Park's (KNP) major rivers as part of the park's monitoring pro- gramme. Two additional aerial surveys were conducted to document changes in hippopotamus population densities in the Sabie River during the drought period. The hippopotamus population decreased during the drought by 12.6 to 672 animals between July 1991 and October 1992. The highest and lowest hippopotamus densities recorded were 11.6 and 2.2 animals/km river length respectively in different river sections. Only 12 hippopotamus mortalities were recorded at the end of the 1992 dry season (October).

Atmospheric concentrations and potential sources of PCBs, PBDEs, and pesticides to Acadia National Park

2013 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sait C. Sofuoglu ◽  
Aysun Sofuoglu ◽  
Thomas M. Holsen ◽  
Colleen M. Alexander ◽  
James J. Pagano
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Acadia National Park ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

scholarly journals Penyebaran Jenis Jirak (Symplocos fasciculata Zoll.) di Resort Kawah Ratu Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Iwan Hilwan ◽  
Aldi Perdana Wiraatmadja
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Parts

Jirak (Symplocos fasciculata Zoll.) is one of the native species in the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, especially in the Kawah Ratu resort. This plant can be used as a natural coloring agent, in addition to plant parts such as leaves can also be eaten and used as medicine. Because of the benefits of jirak, this plant is considered important to be cultivated. This study aims to analyze the density and distribution pattern of jirak (Symplocos fasciculata Zoll.) at Kawah Ratu Resort, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. Data collection was carried out in two blocks located at the Kawah Ratu Resort of Mount Halimun Salak National Park, namely the Leles block and the Pamengpeuk block using the single plot method. The results showed that jirak distribution pattern in the two observation blocks was grouped. Keywords: Distribution, Jirak, Kawah Ratu Resort, Symplocos fasciculata Zoll., Gunung Halimun Salak National Park

scholarly journals KEPADATAN POPULASI MAMALIA DARAT KARNIVORA DI CAMP LEAKEY KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING, KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Siwi Arthapati Mandiri ◽  
Paskal Sukandar ◽  
Yossa Istiadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Line Transect Sampling ◽  
Clouded Leopard ◽  
Helarctos Malayanus ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
Leopard Cat

Borneo has wide land that support high biodiversity. One of them is Tanjung Puting National Park (TPNP), which have biodiversity such as terrestrial mammalian carnivore. Carnivore has a role to maintain its ecosystems. But, there are no data for population density of terrestrial mammalian carnivore. The object of this research is to find out population density of terrestrial mammalian carnivore in Camp Leakey, TPNP, Central Borneo. This research accomplished in September-October 2015 in Camp Leakey. Using line-transect sampling. Data collection was accomplished at 18.00-24.00 Central Indonesian Time (WITA) on eight transects with three times replication by direct surveys and indirect surveys. This research has obtained five species, malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi), leopard cat, and group of civet, like small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) and asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Population density of each species from the highest to the lowest is 13,5 Individual of leopard cat/km2, 9,84 Individual of malayan sun bears/km2, 4,31 Individual of sunda clouded leopard/km2, and 3,65 Individual of civet/km2. Malayan sun bears, sunda clouded leopards and civets prefer to be in land forest. Leopard cats prefers to be in transition forest.

scholarly journals Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIDA SUSILOWATI ◽  
DENI ELFIATI ◽  
HENTI HENDALSTUTI RACHMAT ◽  
KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA ◽  
ADI NURUL HADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Susilowati A, Elfiati D, Rachmat HH, Yulita KS, Hadi AN, Kusuma YS, Batu SAL. 2020. Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3025-3033. Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee Ex K Heyne is a member of Malvaceae tree species and globally recognized as malva nut and locally known as ‘kembang semangkok’, ‘tempayang’, ‘merpayang’ or ‘kepayang’. The nut of S. macropodum has many benefits for medicinal purposes, yet destructive extraction of this tree species has led them to extinction. Among its natural distribution in Indonesia, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia is known as its original range, but there is limited information about the existence of this species. This study aimed to determine the vegetation structure of some tree species in the habitat of S. macropodum in Sikundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling technique was employed by creating line transect at some forest areas where the population of S. macropodum is known to grow naturally. Four line transects with each transect consisting of five plots with nested plots within were established to record data at four growth stages, resulting in 80 plots in total. The results showed that the Important Value Index (IVI) of S. macropodum within the floristic community at the studied area was 21.98, 13.85, 27.30, and 39.60 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) were 3.80, 3.70, 3.06 and 2.45, Index of evenness (E) are 0.94, 0.92, 0.86, 0.77 and the Index of Richness (R) are 11.76, 10.73, 6.59, 4.10 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages. This result suggests that the natural population of S. macropodum in Sikundur forest was still in good condition at all stages from tree to seedling.

scholarly journals The pig of the Lençóis Maranhenses, first record of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Maranhão State, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nepomuceno Salvador ◽  
Nathali Garcia Ristau ◽  
Isabel Sanches da Silva ◽  
André Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
First Record ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World

The wild boar is one of the most dangerous invasive species. It is widespread in the world, including records for many Brazilian states. However, there is a lack of record from Maranhão state. In the present study, we reported a population of wild boar inside the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, in Barrerinhas county, State of Maranhão. We discuss about the negative effects of this introduction on native species, including a record of predation by wild boar in nests of endangered turtles.

scholarly journals Dispersão de Espécie Exótica no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe e Seu Entorno (Dispersion of Exotic Vegetation Into and Around the Lagoa do Peixe National Park)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Portz ◽  
Rogério Portantiollo Manzolli ◽  
Dejanira Luderitz Saldanha ◽  
Iran Carlos Stalliviere Correa
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Field Verification ◽  
Exotic Vegetation ◽  
Manual Classification ◽  
Natural Dispersal ◽  
Over Time

O Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe está localizado no litoral sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Dentre os conflitos existentes dentro da área do parque e no seu entorno, o aumento e a dispersão da vegetação exótica, vem gerando inúmeras discussões. Neste contexto o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a distribuição espacial, ao longo do tempo, das áreas de plantações de Pinus sp. Para tanto foram utilizadas imagens multiespectrais de sensoriamento remoto (TM-Landsat 5), com datas entre 1986 e 2009, sendo realizada a classificação manual por meio da vetorização, verificação de campo e análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos resultados obtidos. O problema principal da dispersão natural de Pinus sp. é encontrado na margem da lagoa principal, margeada por banhados e por pinus, cuja dispersão espontânea está competindo com o crescimento da vegetação natural e alterando o cenário típico da região. De 1986, data de criação do parque, até hoje a área de pinus, no entorno desta lagoa, cresceu de 61 para 252 ha. Este aumento da área de ocorrência de Pinus sp, em mais de 4 vezes, torna necessária a sua extração, a fim de preservar as espécies nativas da região, bem como a diversidade biológica a ela associada. A expansão da silvicultura é preocupante, pois assumiu uma grande proporção em área, não se encontrando ações que indiquem uma desaceleração deste processo. Além de diminuir o valor estético da paisagem natural esta invasão poderá comprometer o potencial turístico e principalmente de preservação ambiental ao qual o título de Parque Nacional exige.Palavras chaves: Pinus sp., Landsat, impactos. Dispersion of Exotic Vegetation Into and Around the Lagoa do Peixe National Park  ABSTRACTLagoa do Peixe National Park presents a great variety of fragile ecosystems. Among the conflicts present into and around the Park is the increase and dispersion of exotic vegetation, that is generating several discussions. In this context, the objective of this paper was identifying the spatial distribution, over time, of the Pinus sp. plantations in this area. For both researches, it was used multispectral images (Landsat), with dates between 1986 and 2009, and performed the manual classification, field verification and analysis of quantitative and qualitative results. The main problem related to the natural dispersal of Pinus sp. is found on the shore of the park’s main lagoon. This area is bordered by marshes and Pinus sp. whose spontaneous dispersion is competing with the natural vegetation and altering the typical scenery of this region. Since the creation of the park (1986) until today, the area of pinus, around the lagoon, has grown from 61 to 252 ha. This increase, more than four times, makes it necessary its extraction in order to preserve the native species and the biodiversity associated. The expansion of forestry in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park is worrisome because it has been taking a great extent of the area, and there are no actions that indicate a slowdown of this process.Keyword: Pinus sp., Landsat, impact.

scholarly journals Using Remote Sensing to Monitor the Spring Phenology of Acadia National Park across Elevational Gradients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Caitlin McDonough MacKenzie ◽  
Richard B. Primack ◽  
Michael J. Hill ◽  
Xiaoyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Acadia National Park ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Spring Phenology

Abstract. Greenup dates of the mountainous Acadia National Park, were monitored using remote sensing data (including Landsat 8 surface reflectances (at a 30 m spatial resolution) and VIIRS reflectances adjusted to a nadir view (gridded at a 500 m spatial resolution)) during the 2013–2016 growing seasons. Ground-level leaf-out monitoring in the areas alongside the north-south-oriented hiking trails on three of the park's tallest mountains (466 m, 418 m, and 380 m) was used to evaluate satellite derived greenup dates in this study. While the 30 m resolution would be expected to provide a better scale for phenology detection in this mountainous region than the 500 m resolution, the daily temporal resolution of the 500 m data would be expected to offer vastly superior monitoring of the rapid variations experienced during vegetation greenup along elevational gradients. Therefore, the greenup dates derived from the Landsat 8 Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data, augmented with Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) simulated EVI values, does provide more spatial details than VIIRS data alone and agree well with field monitored leaf out dates. Satellite derived greenup dates from the 30 m of Acadia National Park vary among different elevational zones, although the date of greenup is not always the most advanced at the lowest elevation. This indicates that the spring phenology is not only determined by microclimates associated with different elevations in this mountainous area, but is also possibly affected by the species mixture, localized temperatures, and other factors in Acadia.

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