scholarly journals On the Artificial Germination of Pollen in Rice Plants. : IV. Temperature limits of pollen germination in rice varieties.

1956 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. ENOMOTO ◽  
I. YAMADA ◽  
K. HOZUMI
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

scholarly journals Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andi Nurdaaniyah ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
I Wayan Winasa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Rice Plants

<p>Brown planthopper (<em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> (Stål)) is one of the major rice insect pests that is known to cause high loss of rice production. One of the strategies to control this pest is by using resistant rice varieties. The aim of this research was to study the resistance of IPB 3S variety to BPH by measuring BPH fecundity, sex ratio, feeding activity as well as population increase compared to Ciherang variety against brown planthopper (<em>N. lugens</em>). Fecundity test used a pair of BPH adult infested on 21 days after planting (DAP) of rice plants. Eggs laid in rice stalks and the rest of eggs in the ovary were counted. In order to know the change of sex ratio, a pair of BPH adults was infested on 30 DAP rice plants and allowed to lay eggs. The calculation of sex ratio was conducted at adult stage of BPH by segregation between male and female adults. Feeding activity of BPH was evaluated using ninhydrin and analyzed qualitatively using spectrophotometer. Ten fourth instar nymphs of BPH was infested on 30 DAP old of rice seedlings. Honeydew secreted by BPH was collected to filter paper sprayed with ninhydrin. Population increased test was conducted by infesting five pairs of BPH adults on 35 DAP old rice plants. Observations was conducted on nymph and adult stages. Each test was replicated 10 times. In general, IPB 3S is slightly resistant to BPH, compared to Ciherang variety. The feeding activity of BPH is higher in Ciherang compared to IPB3S. However, the fecundity and population increased of BPH in Ciherang is similar to IPB3S.</p>

scholarly journals Photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid and conventional rice plants as a function of plant competition

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Concenço ◽  
I Aspiazú ◽  
L Galon ◽  
E.A Ferreira ◽  
M.A.M Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics related to the photosynthetic ability of hybrid and inbred rice varieties, as a way to assess which of the two presented higher potential to stand out under conditions of competition. The trial was set in a greenhouse in completely randomized block design and 2 x 6 factorial scheme with four replications. Factor A consisted of rice varieties (hybrid or inbred) and factor B by competition levels. Treatments consisted in maintaining one plant of either BRS Pelota (inbred) or Inov (hybrid) variety at the center of the plot, under competition with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 plants of the variety BRS Pelota at the periphery of the experimental unit, according to the treatment. Fifty days after emergence (DAE), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci - mmol mol-1), photosynthetic rate (A - mmol m-2 s-1) and CO2 consumed (DC - mmol mol-1) were quantified, as well as shoot dry mass(SDM).Hybrid plants present higher photosynthesis capacity than inbred plants, when competing with up to 3 times its own density. When under the same competitive intensity, hybrid plants surpass the inbred. However, it should be emphasized that, when in farm condition, the lower competitive capacity with weeds often attributed to the hybrid varieties, probably is due to their lower planting density, but if weed competition is kept at low levels, hybrid rice plants may perform in the same way or usually better than inbred plants.

GERMINATION OF SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) POLLEN IN VITRO AS INFLUENCED BY FUNGICIDES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Germination Of Pollen ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Effects of fungicidal concentrations of sulphur, dichlone, ferbam, and captan on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pollen germination and growth were studied in artificial media. Sulphur did not reduce the germination of pollen. Dichlone and ferbam reduced germination from 53.0 per cent to 47.1 per cent and 40 per cent, respectively, reductions which were significant statistically. Sprayed at 0.2 pound/100 gallons or less, captan did not reduce germination. Captan, sprayed at 2 pounds/100 gallons, almost entirely prevented pollen germination, and arrested the elongation of pollen tubes.

scholarly journals Advanced Breeding Strategies and Future Perspectives of Salinity Tolerance in Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Md Azadul Haque ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Martini Mohammad Yusoff ◽  
Nusaibah Syd Ali ◽  
Oladosu Yusuff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Rice, generally classified as a typical glycophyte, often faces abiotic stresses such as excessive drought, high salinity, prolonged submergence, cold, and temperature, which significantly affects growth, development, and ultimately, grain yield. Among these negative impacts of abiotic factors in rice production, salinity stress is a major constraint, followed by drought. There is considerable research on the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome editing techniques, and transgenic studies that have profoundly improved the present-day rice breeders’ toolboxes for developing salt-tolerant varieties. Salinity stresses significantly affect rice plants during seedling and reproductive stages. Hence, greater understanding and manipulation of genetic architecture in developing salt-tolerant rice varieties will significantly impact sustainable rice production. Rice plants’ susceptibility or tolerance to high salinity has been reported to be the result of coordinated actions of multiple stress-responsive quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes. This paper reviews recent literature, updating the effects of salinity stress on rice plants and germplasm collections and screening for salinity tolerance by different breeding techniques. Mapping and identification of QTLs salt tolerance genes are illuminated. The present review updates recent breeding for improvement in rice tolerance to salinity stress and how state-of-the-art tools such as MAS or genetic engineering and genome editing techniques, including mutagenesis and conventional breeding techniques, can assist in transferring salt-tolerant QTLs genes into elite rice genotypes, accelerating breeding of salt-resistant rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Cytology and Taxonomic Description of Two Brachiarias (Congograss and Tannergrass)

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 390-400
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
S. C. Schank ◽  
R. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

The chromosome number and microsporogenesis of two plant introductions, Congograss (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and Tannergrass (Brachiaria sp.), were determined to evaluate the possibility of utilizing these two grasses in a breeding program. Two techniques of pollen germination were utilized as a means to study pollen viability. Although germination on artificial media was successful, the in vivo technique provided a more reliable test of viability. Germination of pollen was examined in vivo with percent tube formation scored under both selfing and crossing. Both Tannergrass and Congograss were described taxonomically. The chromosome numbers of Congograss and Tannergrass were found to be 2n = 18 and 2n = 36 respectively. From observations made at metaphase I, meiosis appeared normal in Congograss and no laggards were observed. In Tannergrass, lagging univalents were observed which could account for the low pollen stainability obtained. The pollen germination on artificial media and the in vivo techniques undoubtedly can be applied to other genera.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF TRAP BARRIER SYSTEM COMBINED WITH CAGE TRAP FOR CONTROLLING RATS IN RICE FIELD

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hastin Wulan Sekarweni ◽  
Yulia Pujiastuti ◽  
Siti Herlinda
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Number Of Males

Rice-field rat is a main pest of rice. Yield reduction caused by rat is quite high, because rats attack rice plant at all stages. One of the efforts applied to control rats is by using Trap Barrier System combined with cage trap. The objective of this research was to identify species of rat attacking rice plants and investigate the presence of  rat by their footprints. The experiment was conducted in Jalur 6  Village Sumber Mulya, Sub-district  Muara Telang,  District Banyuasin, South  Sumatra. One hectare of farmer’s rice field, divided into 3 sub-plot. Each sub-plot was planted with variety paddy of Inpari 22 (sub-plot A), Inpari 33 (sub-plot B), and Inpari 43 (sub-plot C). The number of cage traps was 6 traps per sub-plot. Observations were made 7 times, with an interval of 10 days. Results showed species of trapped rats in the research area was Rattus argentiventer, in which number of males was higher than females. Morphologically, the size of males were bigger than female. Number of footprints did not reperesentative the number of trapped rats. Inpari 43 variety was more preferred by rats because damage intensity was the highest than other two rice varieties.

Mining for Glyphosate-Resistant Genes in Rice Genotypes of the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin D. Palanog ◽  
Abie D. Rojo ◽  
Thea Mae Coleen B. Lanutan ◽  
Zayber B. Araya ◽  
Le-Ann G. Dogeno
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Rice Genotypes

This study aimed to identify and characterize rice genotypes possibly possessing glyphosate-resistant genes, promoting the ability to withstand non-selective, systemic herbicides. The field establishment was based on alpha lattice design replicated into two with a plot size of 2 x 10 rows. All crop management practices followed the PalayCheck System®. At 14 DAT, the glyphosate-based herbicide (Round-up) was directly applied in rice plants. Survival and severity percentage were recorded from 4days to 20 days after herbicide application when the rice plants were observed reacting to the application while agronomic parameters were gathered at maturity stage. Out of one hundred rice genotypes, only 12 exhibited moderate to strong resistance to glyphosate-based herbicide while other genotypes stunted and wilted to death. The 12 genotypes are as follows: Kinastila, Binundor, Dinorado, Kalipao, Inanod, Camoros, Minondoc, Innano, Zambales, Maliket (Red), Kilay, and Simmaba. Among these twelve genotypes, Zambales is the most tolerant to glyphosate herbicide with highest survival rate and low severity index followed by Kalipao, Innaano and Kilay which have moderate survival rate and low severity rate. Identified resistant genotypes were agro-morphological characterized. Zambales genotype has the tallest plant height and highest spikelet number while the superior genotypes for the number of productive tillers, panicle length and spikelet fertility were Minondoc, Simmaba and Kinastila, respectively. These results show that the genotypes being tested have a wide variation in agro-morphological traits. Ultimately, 12 genotypes were identified as tolerant to glyphosate-based herbicide. Further evaluation and characterization are still required to verify the resistance of identified genotypes. These germplasms are promising materials for future breeding and research purposes in developing non-transgenic glyphosate-resistant rice varieties. Keywords-Genotypes, glyphosate resistance, morphological diversity, severity index, Philippines

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