White Bean Sensitivity to Preemergence Herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Todd Cowan ◽  
Peter Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

White bean producers have a limited number of herbicide options available for annual grass and broadleaf weed control. Tolerance of two white bean cultivars to preemergence (PRE) applications ofS-metolachlor,S-metolachlor + imazethapyr, flumetsulam +S-metolachlor, cloransulam-methyl, clomazone, clomazone + imazethapyr, and clomazone +S-metolachlor at the maximum labeled rate in soybean (1×) and twice the labeled rate (2×) were studied at two Ontario locations (Exeter and Ridgetown) in 2001 and 2002.S-Metolachlor, clomazone, and clomazone +S-metolachlor generally had no negative effect on plant height, dry weight, maturity, and yield.S-Metolachlor + imazethapyr and clomazone + imazethapyr reduced plant height, dry weight, and yield as much as 21, 42, and 24%, respectively. Flumesulam +S-metolachlor and cloransulam-methyl reduced plant height, dry weight, and yield as much as 39, 58, and 43%, respectively. White beans are tolerant to PRE applications ofS-metolachlor, clomazone, and clomazone +S-metolachlor. White beans are sensitive to PRE applications ofS-metolachlor + imazethapyr, flumetsulam +S-metolachlor, clomazone + imazethapyr, and cloransulam-methyl.

Tolerance of White Beans to Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Todd Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
White Bean

Weed control in white beans is currently limited by the small number of registered herbicides. The tolerance of two white bean cultivars, ‘AC Compass’ and ‘OAC Thunder’, to various postemergence (POST) herbicides at the maximum use rate and twice the maximum use rate for soybean or corn was evaluated at two Ontario locations in 2001 and 2002. Generally, the two cultivars did not differ in their response to the POST herbicides. POST applications of imazamox plus fomesafen, imazamox plus bentazon, and cloransulam-methyl decreased plant height, shoot dry weight, and yield by as much as 29, 41, and 55%, respectively, and increased seed moisture content up to 3.9%. POST applications of thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil decreased plant height as much as 57%, shoot dry weight by up to 71%, yield as much as 93% and increased seed moisture content up to 15.5%. Based on these results, AC Compass and OAC Thunder white beans do not possess sufficient tolerance to support the registration of imazamox plus bentazon, imazamox plus fomesafen, cloransulam-methyl, thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil.

Tolerance of cranberry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to soil applications of s-metolachlor and imazethapyr

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Soltani ◽  
C. Shropshire ◽  
T. Cowan ◽  
P. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

There is little information on the tolerance of cranberry beans to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) applications of s-metolachlor and imazethapyr, eithe r alone or in tank mix combination, for selective weed control in cranberry beans in Ontario. Tolerance of two cranberry bean cultivars, Hooter and SVM Taylor, to PPI and PRE applications of s-metolachlor, imazethapyr and their tank mix combination at the label rate (1×) and twice the label rate (2× ) were studied at two Ontario locations (Exeter and Ridgetown) in 2001 and 2002. There were no differences between the two cultivars in their responses to the herbicide treatments. PPI and PRE applications of s-metolachlor alone at the 1× and 2× rate had no effect on visual crop injury and no negative effect on plant height, dry weight and yield compared to the control. The PPI and PRE applications of imazethapyr at the 1× rate did not result in significant visual crop injury, and had no negative effect on bean height and dry weight, but at the 2× rate there was significant visual crop injury, a decrease in height with the PPI application and decreased dry weight with PPI and PRE applications. No negative effect o n cranberry bean yield was observed with the application of imazethapyr at either the 1× or 2× rates. The PPI and PRE applications of the tank mix of s-metolachlor plus imazethapyr at the 1× rate did not result in significant visual crop injury or decreases in bean plant height or dry weight. At the 2× rate, there was significant visual crop injury, a decrease in bean plant height with PPI and PRE applications and decreased dry weight with the PPI application. The tank mix of s-metolachlor plus imazethapyr at the 1× rate had no effect on yield, but the PPI application at the 2× rate caused a decrease in yield at 1 of the 4 site-years. Key words:

Halosulfuron Tank-Mixes Applied PRE in White Bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Li ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

White bean tolerance and weed control were examined by applying halosulfuron alone or in combination with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, orS-metolachlor applied PRE. All herbicides applied alone or in combination caused less than 3% visible injury 1 and 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PRE provided greater than 95% control of common lambsquarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed and less than 55% control of green foxtail at 4 and 8 WAE. Weed density and dry weight at 8 WAE paralleled the control ratings. Dry bean yields in halosulfuron plus a soil applied grass herbicide did not differ compared to the weed-free control. Green foxtail competition with halosulfuron PRE applied alone resulted in reduced white bean yield compared to the weed-free control.

scholarly journals Differential responses of two cowpea (Virgina unguiculata L.Walp.) genotypes to pre-emergence herbicides in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Dan David. Quee ◽  
Philip Jimia. Kamanda ◽  
Musa Decius. Saffa ◽  
Johnny Ernest. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Savannah Woodland

Field trials were conducted in savannah woodland (Njala) and rainforest (Serabu) agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone during 2016 second cropping season to assess different preemergence herbicides techniques that is efficient, cost effective and environmentally safe in cowpea production. The experiment consisted of 20 treatments which included 2 cowpea genotypes (slipea 4 and slipea 5) and 10 different weed control techniques viz: butachlor 50% emulsifiable concentrate (EC), double force®, power force® applied as preemergence herbicides at 2, 4 and 6 L ha-1, respectively and weedy check. The treatments were laid out in a strip-plot design arranged in a factorial system with three replications. The results of this study revealed that the application of power force® at 6 L ha-1 recorded the highest phytotoxic effect, lowest weed dry weight, number of pods per plant and grain yield, highest total variable cost, lowest gross and net returns. Furthermore, butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 closely followed by double force® at 6 L ha-1 resulted in maximum grain yield, gross and net returns compared to the rest of the other weed control techniques. Thus, it is concluded that butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 was more economical, profitable and beneficial than other control treatments in the production of cowpea genotypes in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone. Conclusively, the relationship between phytotoxicity and grain yield indicates that the higher the grain yield the lower the phytotoxic effects of the chemicals.

scholarly journals The Effect of Composted Organic Wastes on Weed Control Provided by Preemergence Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 470E-470
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Johnson ◽  
Larry Kuhns ◽  
Tracey Harpster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge

Community waste management programs that include the composting of sewage sludge and yard wastes have become a necessity. Using these composts provides many benefits; however, increased levels of organic matter may reduce the effectiveness of preemergence herbicides. Determining how herbicide application rates may need to be adjusted when composted waste is incorporated into the soil may permit the use of these amendments without any decrease in weed control. This experiment examined the effect of two types of compost (composted sewage sludge and composted yard waste) on the weed control provided by four preemergence herbicides. The soil was a Hagerstown silt loam amended with 10%, 20%, or 30% compost by volume. Each mix was placed in half-gallon cardboard milk cartons. The cartons were seeded at 1/2 and 1/4 inches with a mixture of broadleaved weeds and grasses. Each soil mix was treated with simazine, oxyfluorfen, oryzalin, and metolachlor at two rates. Control was evaluated both visually by number and by the dry weight of the harvested weeds. Preliminary results indicate composted sewage sludge causes a greater reduction in herbicide efficacy than composted yard waste. Oryzalin and metolachlor were affected less than oxyfluorfen or simazine. The experiment was repeated using lower application rates. In one replication the soil mixes from the previous experiment were used. The second replication used a Hagerstown silty clay loam soil with fresh compost. The results of this experiment will provide preliminary information for future field studies designed to determine if the application rates of preemergence herbicides need to be adjusted when fields are amended with composted organic matter.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF POULTRY MANURE AND WEED CONTROL METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SESAME VARIETIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
O. Danmaigoro ◽  
M. I. Zamfara ◽  
H. Yakubu ◽  
Musa M. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sudan Savanna

Field trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 wet seasons at Federal University Dutse Teaching and Research Farm (Latitude 11 46, 39”N and Longitude 9 20, 30”E) in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria. To evaluate performance of sesame varieties as affected by poultry manure and weed control methods. The treatments consisted of five weed control treatments (pre-emergence application of ButachlorEC50%,  hoe weeding at 3WAS +pre-emergence butachlor EC50%, pre-emergence butachlor EC50%+hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS, hoe weeding @ 3 and 6WAS and weedy check), three level of poultry manure (5, 10, and 15t/ha) and three sesame varieties (Ben 01, Yandev 55 and Ben 04E. The treatments were laid out in split plot design and replicated three times. The results indicated that weed control methods had significant effect (0.05) on the sesame growth and seed yield comparable to hoe weeding control at 3 and 6WAS where plant height number of leaves,  capsule number per plant and seed yield of sesame were significant higher with the application of butachlor plus hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS compared to others weed control methods.  Poultry manure application on sesame as 15t/ha gave taller plant height, more number of leaves, higher sesame dry weight, longer capsule length and seed yield of sesame than the other rates while Ben 01(455 and 1043 ) perform better than the others two varieties (Yandev 498, 756 and Ben4E 522 and 765 ) for 2017 and 2018 seasons.  In conclusion,       

scholarly journals Weed Control, Growth, Nodulation, Quality and Storability of Peas as Affected by Pre- and Postemergence Herbicides

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Abdallah ◽  
Karima F. Abdelgawad ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Mogy ◽  
Mohamed B. I. El-Sawy ◽  
Hend A. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Control Growth

Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea yield and quality. Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin, butralin, fluazifop butyl, bentazon, and hoeing on weed control, and their impact on pea growth, nodule formation, yield, quality, and storability. The results indicated that hoeing and fluazifop butyl were the most effective treatments for weed control in terms of the lowest values of total weed dry weight. The bentazon and fluazifop butyl herbicides didn’t affect active nodules number, plant height, plant weight, root length, or number of leaves and branches. Additionally, bentazon and hoeing resulted in the highest total yield per plant and protein content. Butralin and pendimetalin achieved the lowest yield, and butralin also resulted in the lowest plant height and weight. Bentazon-treated peas had the highest chemical compositions in terms of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar, and vitamin C contents in pea pods at harvest and during cold storage at 4 °C and 95 RH for 45 days. No detectable residues of the four herbicides under study were detected in green pods, suggesting that pods can be safely consumed at the time of harvesting. It can be concluded that nodules formation in pea was not affected significantly by the application of the tested herbicides, except pendimethalin and butralin. Furthermore, bentazon had a positive impact on nodules formation and pods quality and could be used effectively for controlling the broadleaf weeds, and it was simultaneously a selective and safe herbicide in pea cultivation.

scholarly journals 014 Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Weeds and Eighteen Containerized Crops

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 390C-390
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps ◽  
Daniel W. McColley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Five preemergence herbicides (prodiamine 0.5 G, prodiamine 65 WDG, dithiopyr 0.27 G, thiazopyr 2.5 G, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin 3 G) were evaluated for weed control and crop safety on 18 plants (Acer rubrum, Agapanthus africanus, Asparagus densiflorus, Camellia sasanqua, × Cupressocyparis leylandii, Cycas revoluta, Galphimia gracillis, Gelsemium sempervirens, Illicium parviflorum, Lantana camara, Loropetalum chinense, Myrtis communis, Ophiopogon jaburan, Plumbago, Quercus virginiana, Rhododendron, Viburnum suspensum, and Zamia floridana. Herbicides were applied at 1.7 kg a.i./ha, except for oxyfluorfern + pendimethalin, which was applied at 3.4 kg a.i./ha. Treatments were applied twice at 4-month intervals. Untreated and weed-free controls were used to determine herbicide effects on weeds and crops, respectively. All herbicide treatments reduced weed growth (dry-weight basis) and weeding times. Major weeds were dogfennel [Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler], yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.), tasselflower (Emilia spp.), and hairy crabweed [Fatoua villosa (Thumb.) Nakai]. Based on weed dry weights, overall weed control for the first 4 months was higher for diazopyr, thiazopyr, and prodiamine G than for the combination treatment. At 8 months, weed growth was similar for all herbicide treatments. The combination treatment was acutely phytotoxicity to more crops than the other treatments; however, phytotoxicity varied with crop, active ingredient, and formulation.

Response of dry beans to tiafenacil applied preemergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Azuki Bean ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Tiafenacil is a new non-selective, protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) – inhibiting pyrimidinedione herbicide that is under consideration for registration in corn, soybean, wheat, cotton, and other crops to control grass and broadleaf weeds prior to crop emergence. The sensitivity of dry beans to tiafenacil is not known. Four field experiments were completed at Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, Canada during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons to determine the sensitivity of azuki, kidney, small red, and white beans to tiafenacil applied preemergence (PRE) at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g ai ha−1. Tiafenacil at 100 g ai ha−1 caused 5% or less injury to azuki, kidney, small red and white beans, and 0 to 3% injury in azuki bean, 1-5% injury in kidney bean, 1-4% injury in small red bean, and 1 to 4% injury in white bean. Tiafenacil applied PRE at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g ai ha−1 caused up to 1, 4, 4, and 5% visible dry bean injury, respectively but caused no negative effect on other growth parameters measured including the final seed yield. Crop injury was generally the greatest with tiafenacil at the 100 g ai ha−1 in dry beans. Generally, kidney, small red, and white bean were more sensitive to tiafenacil than azuki bean. Dry bean injury was persistent and increased with time with the greatest injury observed 8 WAE. Tiafenacil applied PRE can be a useful addition to the current weed control strategies for grass and broadleaf weed control suppression, especially GR horseweed and amaranth species prior to bean emergence.

Long-spine sandbur [Cenchrus longispinus (Hack. in Kneuck.) Fernald] control in corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Soltani ◽  
M. Kumagai ◽  
L. Brown ◽  
P H Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Better Than

Long-spine sandbur is an annual grass that infests many fields in southwestern Ontario, especially those with sandy soils. Eight field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2007, 2008) in Ontario to determine the efficacy of various preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for control of long-spine sandbur in corn. Generally, the POST applied herbicides controlled long-spine sandbur better than PRE herbicides evaluated in this study. PRE application of dimethenamid-p (1250 g a.i. ha-1), S-metolachlor (1600 g a.i. ha-1), flufenacet (1040 g a.i. ha-1), pendimethalin (1680 g a.i. ha-1), pyroxasulfone (250 g a.i. ha-1), or isoxaflutole plus atrazine (105 + 1063 g a.i. ha-1) controlled long-spine sandbur 0-79%. POST application mesotrione + atrazine (140 + 280 g a.i. ha-1) or topramezone + atrazine (18.75 + 500 g a.i. ha-1) provided 24-82% control, foramsulfuron (35 g a.i. ha-1) or primisulfuron/dicamba (26 +140 g a.i. ha-1) provided 54-87% control, and rimsulfuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), nicosulfuron (25 g a.i. ha-1) or nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron (25 g a.i. ha-1) provided 68-95% control of long-spine sandbur in corn. Similar reduction in sandbur density and shoot dry weight were observed. PRE applied isoxaflutole + atrazine and POST applied rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, primisulfuron/dicamba, and topramezone + atrazine all provided yield comparable with the weed-free control. Among the herbicides evaluated rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron provide the most consistent long-spine sandbur control in corn.Key words: Weed control, preemergence herbicide, postemergence herbicide, rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, primisulfuron, dicamba, topramezone, atrazine

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