scholarly journals Analysis of Surstylus and Aculeus Shape and Size Using Geometric Morphometrics to Discriminate Rhagoletis pomonella and Rhagoletis zephyria (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee L. Yee ◽  
H. David Sheets ◽  
Peter S. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Rhagoletis Zephyria ◽  
Shape And Size

scholarly journals Quantifying Wing Shape and Size of Saturniid Moths with Geometric Morphometrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjia Zhong ◽  
Geena M. Hill ◽  
Juan P. Gomez ◽  
David Plotkin ◽  
Jesse R. Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

scholarly journals Sexual size and shape dimorphism in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Vukica Vujić ◽  
Luka Lučić ◽  
Sofija Pavković-Lučić ◽  
Bojan Ilić ◽  
Zvezdana Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Until now, morphological trait variation has been investigated in several millipede species using geometric morphometrics. The present study is the first attempt to explore sexual shape and size dimorphism (SShD and SSD) of morphological structures in Polydesmida. We here analyse antennal, head, and leg SShD and SSD in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889. Our results show that SSD exists in all of the analysed structures, while SShD is present only in the legs. In comparison with females, males possess longer and wider legs, as well as longer antennae and a shorter head. Contrary to previous findings in some Julida, in B. troglobiusSSD of the antennae and legs varies more than SShD in these morphological structures.

scholarly journals Variation in pelvic shape and size in Eastern European males: a computed tomography comparative study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Musielak ◽  
Anna Maria Kubicka ◽  
Michał Rychlik ◽  
Jarosław Czubak ◽  
Adam Czwojdziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Pelvic Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Background The significantly accelerated development of human society in the last millennium has brought about changes in human behavior and body mass that may have influenced human bone morphology. Our objective was to analyze the variation in pelvic shape and size in males from modern and medieval populations. Methods We obtained 22 pelvic girdles of adult males from a medieval cemetery located in Cedynia, Poland. The control group comprised 31 contemporary male pelves from individuals inhabiting the same region. The analyzed parameters were: interspinous distance (ISD), intercristal distance (ICD), intertuberous distance (ITD), anatomic conjugate of the pelvis, height of the pelvis (HP), iliac opening angle (IOA), iliac tilt angle (ITA), and ISD/ITD/HP ratio. Geometric morphometrics was used to analyze differences in shape in the pelves. All analyses were carried out on three-dimensional CT reconstructions of pelves. Results ISD, ICD, and IOA were significantly greater in modern pelves than in those from Cedynia, but no significant differences were seen between the two groups in ITD, anatomical conjugate, HP, or ITA. ISD/ITD/HP ratios were significantly lower in the Cedynia group. Geometric morphometrics revealed significant differences in pelvic shape between the analyzed groups. Discussion The pelves of modern males are larger, wider, and flatter than those of medieval males. Changes in the set of daily activities that produce mechanical loading and estimated body mass may constitute the main factors explaining pelvic variability. However, differences in ontogenesis should also be taken into consideration, especially since growth in past populations is often found to be reduced relative to modern populations.

scholarly journals ShapeRotator: an R tool for standardised rigid rotations of articulated Three-Dimensional structures with application for geometric morphometrics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Vidal-García ◽  
Lashi Bandara ◽  
J. Scott Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
R Package ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
List Type ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Articulated Structures ◽  
Shape And Size

SummaryThe quantification of complex morphological patterns typically involves comprehensive shape and size analyses, usually obtained by gathering morphological data from all the structures that capture the phenotypic diversity of an organism or object. Articulated structures are a critical component of overall phenotypic diversity, but data gathered from these structures are difficult to incorporate in to modern analyses because of the complexities associated with jointly quantifying 3D shape in multiple structures.While there are existing methods for analysing shape variation in articulated structures in Two-Dimensional (2D) space, these methods do not work in 3D, a rapidly growing area of capability and research.Here we describe a simple geometric rigid rotation approach that removes the effect of random translation and rotation, enabling the morphological analysis of 3D articulated structures. Our method is based on Cartesian coordinates in 3D space so it can be applied to any morphometric problem that also uses 3D coordinates (e.g. spherical harmonics). We demonstrate the method by applying it to a landmark-based data set for analysing shape variation using geometric morphometrics.We have developed an R tool (ShapeRotator) so that the method can be easily implemented in the commonly used R package geomorph and MorphoJ software. This method will be a valuable tool for 3D morphological analyses in articulated structures by allowing an exhaustive examination of shape and size diversity.

scholarly journals Unexpected Morphological Diversity in New Zealand’s Large Diplodactylidae Geckos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachie Scarsbrook ◽  
Emma Sherratt ◽  
Rod Hitchmough ◽  
R. Ewan Fordyce ◽  
Nicolas J. Rawlence
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Prehistoric anthropogenically-mediated extinctions have impacted global biodiversity; however effects on herpetofauna are poorly-documented. New Zealand’s Diplodactylidae geckos exhibit high species-level diversity, largely independent of discernible osteological changes (cryptic). Consequently, taxonomic affinities of isolated skeletal elements (fossils) are primarily determined by relative size, particularly in the identification of Hoplodactylus duvaucelii; New Zealand’s largest extant gecko species. Here, three-dimensional geometric morphometrics of maxillae (a common fossilized element) was used to determine whether consistent shape and size differences exist between genera, and if cryptic extinctions have occurred in ‘Hoplodactylus cf. duvaucelii’. Sampling included 13 Diplodactylidae species from five genera, and 11 Holocene ‘H. cf. duvaucelii’ subfossil individuals. We found phylogenetic history was the most important predictor of maxilla morphology among extant Diplodactylidae genera. Relative size comparisons could only differentiate Hoplodactylus from other genera, with the remaining genera exhibiting variable degrees of overlap. Six subfossils were positively identified as H. duvaucelii, confirming their proposed Holocene distribution throughout New Zealand. Conversely, five subfossils showed no affinities towards any modern Diplodactylidae genera, implying either increased morphological diversity in mainland ‘H. cf. duvaucelii’ or the presence of at least one extinct, large, broad-toed Diplodactylidae species. These results highlight the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on insular reptile diversity.

scholarly journals Distinct Adult Eclosion Traits of Sibling Species Rhagoletis pomonella and Rhagoletis zephyria (Diptera: Tephritidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee L Yee ◽  
Robert B Goughnour ◽  
Jeffrey L Feder
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Adult Eclosion ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Rhagoletis Zephyria

Abstract Closely related phytophagous insects that specialize on different host plants may have divergent responses to environmental factors. Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) and Rhagoletis zephyria Snow (Diptera: Tephritidae) are sibling, sympatric fly species found in western North America that attack and mate on plants of Rosaceae (~60 taxa) and Caprifoliaceae (three taxa), respectively, likely contributing to partial reproductive isolation. Rhagoletis zephyria evolved from R. pomonella and is native to western North America, whereas R. pomonella was introduced there. Given that key features of the flies’ ecology, breeding compatibility, and evolution differ, we predicted that adult eclosion patterns of the two flies from Washington State, USA are also distinct. When puparia were chilled, eclosion of apple- and black hawthorn-origin R. pomonella was significantly more dispersed, with less pronounced peaks, than of snowberry-origin R. zephyria within sympatric and nonsympatric site comparisons. Percentages of chilled puparia that produced adults were ≥67% for both species. However, when puparia were not chilled, from 13.5 to 21.9% of apple-origin R. pomonella versus only 1.2% to 1.9% of R. zephyria eclosed. The distinct differences in eclosion traits of R. pomonella and R. zephyria could be due to greater genetic variation in R. pomonella, associated with its use of a wider range of host plants than R. zephyria.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Traditional and Geometric Morphometric Techniques for the Study of Basicranial Morphology in Horses: A Case Study of the Araucanian Horse from Colombia

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Pere Miquel Parés-Casanova ◽  
Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño ◽  
René Alejandro Crosby-Granados ◽  
Jannet Bentez-Molano
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Mature Group ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Shape And Size

Skull size and shape have been widely used to study domestic animal populations and breeds. Although several techniques have been proposed to quantify cranial form, few attempts have been made to compare the results obtained by different techniques. While linear morphometrics has traditionally been used in breed characterization, recent advances in geometric morphometrics have created new techniques for specifically quantifying shape and size. The objective of this study was to compare two morphometric methods for their ability to describe external morphology. For this purpose, 20 skull specimens of adult male Araucanian horses were examined. Two age categories were established (the “mature group”, M3 not fully erupted to moderately worn, n = 7; and the “senile group”, M3 totally erupted and highly worn, n = 13). Both methods showed that there were statistical differences between generations, but discrimination rates were different between methods with the geometric morphometric analysis obtaining a rate of 97.5%. Although linear morphometrics was found to be compatible with geometric morphometrics, the latter was better able to discriminate the two groups and it also provides more information on shape.

Morphometric Differentiation and Diet of Engystomops pustulosus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) in Three Populations from Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Pedro Atencia ◽  
Liliana Solano ◽  
Jonathan Liria
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Centroid Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Engystomops Pustulosus

This paper evaluated the intraspecific variation and diet of Engystomops pustulosus in three localities (Colosó, Santa Inés, and El Roble) of the department of Sucre, Colombia. Thirty specimens were collected by locality and the diet composition was determined. We characterized the phenotypic variation by means of skull geometric morphometrics and ten body measures. Finally, the relationship between morphogeometric variables (shape and size) and diet were evaluated. We found significant differences between skull conformation and localities, and between localities and the centroid size. Termites were the most important type of prey, followed by ants and mites. The diet composition did not correlate with the body measures; however, an analysis of Partial Least-Squares showed a correlation between the composition of the diet and skull conformation.

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