scholarly journals Distinct Adult Eclosion Traits of Sibling Species Rhagoletis pomonella and Rhagoletis zephyria (Diptera: Tephritidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee L Yee ◽  
Robert B Goughnour ◽  
Jeffrey L Feder
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Adult Eclosion ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Rhagoletis Zephyria

Abstract Closely related phytophagous insects that specialize on different host plants may have divergent responses to environmental factors. Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) and Rhagoletis zephyria Snow (Diptera: Tephritidae) are sibling, sympatric fly species found in western North America that attack and mate on plants of Rosaceae (~60 taxa) and Caprifoliaceae (three taxa), respectively, likely contributing to partial reproductive isolation. Rhagoletis zephyria evolved from R. pomonella and is native to western North America, whereas R. pomonella was introduced there. Given that key features of the flies’ ecology, breeding compatibility, and evolution differ, we predicted that adult eclosion patterns of the two flies from Washington State, USA are also distinct. When puparia were chilled, eclosion of apple- and black hawthorn-origin R. pomonella was significantly more dispersed, with less pronounced peaks, than of snowberry-origin R. zephyria within sympatric and nonsympatric site comparisons. Percentages of chilled puparia that produced adults were ≥67% for both species. However, when puparia were not chilled, from 13.5 to 21.9% of apple-origin R. pomonella versus only 1.2% to 1.9% of R. zephyria eclosed. The distinct differences in eclosion traits of R. pomonella and R. zephyria could be due to greater genetic variation in R. pomonella, associated with its use of a wider range of host plants than R. zephyria.

scholarly journals A new milliped of the genus Stenozonium Shelley 1998 from Washington State, U. S. A.: first record of the genus and family from North of the Columbia River (Polyzoniida: Polyzoniidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1017 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
ROWLAND M. SHELLEY ◽  
WILLIAM A. SHEAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
First Record ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Olympic Peninsula

The new species, Stenozonium leonardi, the northernmost representative of the Polyzoniidae in western North America and the only one north of the Columbia River, is described from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington; it is isolated by some 180 mi (288 km) from S. benedictae Shelley, 1998, in coastal Oregon. Stenozonium alone among the four polyzoniidan genera in western North America consists of entirely allopatric and widely separated species, with one apiece in California, Oregon, and Washington-evidence that it diversified earlier than its ordinal counterparts.

Early Eocene (Ypresian) birds from the Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-813
Author(s):  
Gerald Mayr ◽  
S. Bruce Archibald ◽  
Gary W. Kaiser ◽  
Rolf W. Mathewes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Fossil Birds ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
The North ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

We survey the known avian fossils from Ypresian (early Eocene) fossil sites of the North American Okanagan Highlands, mainly in British Columbia (Canada). All specimens represent taxa that were previously unknown from the Eocene of far-western North America. Wings from the McAbee site are tentatively referred to the Gaviiformes and would constitute the earliest fossil record of this group of birds. A postcranial skeleton from Driftwood Canyon is tentatively assigned to the Songziidae, a taxon originally established for fossils from the Ypresian of China. Two skeletons from Driftwood Canyon and the McAbee site are tentatively referred to Coliiformes and Zygodactylidae, respectively, whereas three further fossils from McAbee, Blakeburn, and Republic (Washington, USA) are too poorly preserved for even a tentative assignment. The specimens from the Okanagan Highlands inhabited relatively high paleoaltitudes with microthermal climates (except Quilchena: lower mesothermal) and mild winters, whereas most other Ypresian fossil birds are from much warmer lowland paleoenvironments with upper mesothermal to megathermal climates. The putative occurrence of a gaviiform bird is particularly noteworthy because diving birds are unknown from other lacustrine Ypresian fossil sites of the Northern Hemisphere. The bones of the putative zygodactylid show a sulphurous colouration, and we hypothesize that this highly unusual preservation may be due to the metabolic activity of sulphide-oxidizing bacteria.

Lecidea rubrocastanea, a new lichen species from conifer bark and wood in interior western North America (Lecanorales, lichenized ascomycetes)

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Lichenized Ascomycetes ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
Thin Walled

Abstract:Lecidea rubrocastanea T. Sprib. & Printzen is described as new from conifer bark and wood in montane valleys of inland British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington State. It is characterized by its combination of a crustose olivaceous thallus lacking secondary lichen substances, small, dark burgundy-red or maroon apothecia, dark-capped paraphyses, Lecidella-type ascus, small, thin-walled ascospores, and bacilliform conidia. The generic affinities of the species based on analysis of ITS DNA are unclear, but it has numerous morphological traits in common with Japewia.

Species diversification of the coniferous pathogenic fungal genus Coniferiporia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) in association with its biogeography and host plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Wei Wang ◽  
Ji-Hang Jiang ◽  
Shi-Liang Liu ◽  
Yusufjon Gafforov ◽  
Li-Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Posterior Density ◽  
Highest Posterior Density ◽  
Fungal Genus

Coniferiporia, belonging to Hymenochaetaceae and recently segregated from Phellinidium, is a wood-inhabiting fungal genus with three species, each having a specific geographic distribution and a strong host specificity as a forest pathogen of coniferous trees. In this study, the species diversity of Coniferiporia is further clarified with the aid of a wider sampling and multilocus-based phylogenetic analysis, which reveals a new species C. uzbekistanensis. The molecular clock and ancestral geographic origin analyses indicates that the ancestor of Coniferiporia emerged in one of the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae and then jumped to the other plant family originated in eastern Eurasia 17.01 million years ago (Mya) (95% highest posterior density: 9.46–25.86 Mya) and later extended its distribution to western North America, Central Asia and eastern Europe. Coniferiporia sulphurascens speciated on Pinaceae in eastern Eurasia 8.78 Mya (9.46–25.86 Mya) and then extended its distribution to western North America and eastern Europe. Coniferiporia qilianensis and C. uzbekistanensis speciated on Juniperus przewalskii in eastern Eurasia 3.67 Mya (0.36–8.02 Mya) and on J. polycarpos in Central Asia 4.35 Mya (0.94–8.37 Mya), respectively. The speciation event of C. weirii occurred 4.45 Mya (0.77–9.33 Mya) right after the emergence of its host, the endemic Cupressaceae species Thuja plicata, and soon after, this fungus evolved to also inhabit another endemic Cupressaceae species Calocedrus decurrens. In summary, this study for the first time unambiguously clarified and timed the adaptive evolutionary event of Coniferiporia in association with its biogeography and host plants.

New species of latest Eocene/earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia: Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4981 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480
Author(s):  
ALEXEI V. CHERNYSHEV ◽  
JAMES L. GOEDERT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Crescent Formation ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Latest Eocene

Continued sampling of the latest Eocene to earliest Oligocene Gries Ranch Formation in Lewis County, Washington State, has yielded new heterobranch microgastropod species. Orbitestella kieli sp. nov., is the third fossil species of this genus and family Orbitestellidae from western North America. Two new species of Ammonicera, A. rolani sp. nov. and A. danieli sp. nov., are together only the second fossil record of this genus and the family Omalogyridae from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. New specimens of two previously recorded species, O. palaiopacifica Squires & Goedert and A. benhami Squires & Goedert, from early Eocene rocks of the Crescent Formation provide new data regarding shell morphology. The fossil record of both Ammonicera and Orbitestella in western North America is restricted to early Eocene to earliest Oligocene age rocks in Washington State. 

Cascadiacarpa exilis sp. nov.: new fruits of Fagaceae from the Eocene of British Columbia

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal A. Mindell ◽  
Ruth A. Stockey ◽  
Graham Beard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Shape And Size

More than 800 permineralized fagaceous fruits have been studied from the Eocene Appian Way locality of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. These cupulate nuts are the most common fruits preserved at the locality. They occur in calcareous concretions and were studied using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Cupules are borne on a spiny stalk and are broadly ovate in both longitudinal and transverse section. Cupules are evalvate and have both branching and simple spines. A single, ovoid, sclerotic nut is enclosed entirely by the cupule, except at the apex, where a stylar protrusion is free from any surrounding tissues. The nut is bilocular with a glabrous endocarp lining. At maturity, a single seed occupies the locular cavity. The embryo is straight and no endosperm is evident. The single-fruited, spiny cupule is most similar to fruits of Fagaceae subfamily Castaneoideae. Bicarpellate fruits and a glabrous endocarp place them within the fossil genus Cascadiacarpa; however, they differ from Cascadiacarpa spinosa in nut wall anatomy, cupule ornamentation, shape, and size. Fruits of Cascadiacarpa exilis sp. nov. are compared with spiny, small compression and impression fossil fruits from the Eocene Taneum Creek locality of Washington State. The characters of the Washington State fossils overlap with those observed in the anatomically preserved Appian Way cupulate fruits and, as such, may represent compression and impression fossils of the same genus. The permineralized fruits document that evalvate, spiny, cupulate nuts of Fagaceae were present and common in the Eocene of western North America.

THE RUSTS OF ERIOGONUM, CHORIZANTHE, AND OXYTHECA

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. O. Savile
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Species Groups

Uromyces intricatus is broken into six varieties. Var. umbellati and var. major attack montane and lowland species of Eriogonum subgen. Eueriogonum in much of western North America, and the former probably attacks Oxytheca. Vars. intricatus (Oregon, California), parvifolii (California), nivei (interior British Columbia to Arizona), and pluriporosus (mainly Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado) attack various species or species groups in Eriogonum subgen. Oregonium, the variation being partly geographic and partly due to host specialization. Var. intricatus attacks Chorizanthe spp. and Eriogonum subgen. Ganysma in California. This variety has met and intergraded with var. pluriporosus in the past but the link is now broken. Uromyces bisbyi, a microcyclic derivative of var. parvifolii, is described on Eriogonum parvifolium in California. The implications on the evolution of Eriogonum and the problem of realistic nomenclature of rusts derived from both host and geographic isolation are discussed. A table clarifies the nomenclature of reported host plants.

(E)-5, (Z)-7-DODECADIENAL, A SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENT OF THE WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA CALIFORNICUM (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Underhill ◽  
M. D. Chisholm ◽  
Warren Steck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Tent caterpillars of the genus Malacosoma frequently appear in outbreak numbers causing widespread defoliation of trees and shrubs in North America. The western tent caterpillar, M. californicum (Packard), with six subspecies, occurs over most of temperate western North America and although there is a large number of host plants on which it will oviposit and feed (Stehr and Cook 1968), most have little commercial value. We report here the identification of a component of the female sex pheromone of M. californicum.

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