scholarly journals Speech strategies in pathoanatomic discourse: the communicative aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Nedostup
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Medical Communication ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Empirical Material

The relevance of the work involves the growing interest of linguists to the problem of studying medical discourse as a complex-functional communicative education. In this article, the pathoanatomic subdiscourse, being a lacunar zone in the space of medical discourse, is in focus of our attention. The paper presents the results the author gained through the communicative-pragmatic analysis of empirical material of pathoanatomic subdiscourse fragments. The following speech strategies are described: dominant (preliminary, diagnostic, and explanatory) and complementary (pragmatic, dialogical, and rhetorical). The functions of the preliminary and diagnostic strategies are aimed at intra-medical communication, while the explanatory strategy chiefly intents to build communication with the relatives of the deceased. In turn, the functions of complementary strategies are implemented as follows: a pragmatic strategy is responsible for organizing the goals in terms of communication between the interlocutors, a dialogue strategy assumes responsibility for building a correct and accurate dialogue scenario, a rhetorical strategy allows you to effectively influence the interlocutor. These speech strategies are closely related and embedded into the communicative phenomenon of the pathoanatomic subdiscourse – a manipulative-explanatory strategy targeted to emotionally and comfortably inform the relatives of the deceased about the causes of death. Speech strategies explicate a number of speech tactics, which are expressed through specialized and non-specialized ways of actualization. The revealed and interpreted communicative components of the pathoanatomic subdiscourse allow us to draw the following conclusions: this subdiscourse has specific features (it is structurally and semantically mobile, historically changeable and communicatively asymmetric); actualization of the ways of executing the speech strategies that build the communicative aspect of the pathoanatomic subdiscourse is a complex communicative area of medical discourse that needs further study

scholarly journals Slang in forensic discourse (communicative and pragmatic aspect)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Nedostup
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
Open Nature ◽  
Linguistic Material ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Semantic Processes

The relevance of the work is associated with the growing interest of researchers to the problem of medical discourse as a holistic communicative education. In this article, we focus on the problem of the functioning of Medical Slang in considering forensic discourse, which, in our opinion, has not yet received a systemic linguistic description. The author of the article presents the results of a communicative-pragmatic analysis of empirical material from fragments of forensic medical discourse. On the basis of theoretical communication and the study of actual linguistic material, some features of the functioning of slang nominations in this discourse were revealed: natural lexico-semantic processes were identified that organize intra-system variation within the thematic group “Slang of a forensic expert”: narrowing and expanding the meanings of slang nominations, activation of semantic transfers. Special attention was paid to the question of interpretation of the most successful nomination for characterizing the described phenomenon. In linguistic research, there is controversy as to which term is the most accurate: «medical jargon», «slang», «professional vernacular», «non-standard vocabulary», etc. In our work we use the term «slang», it seems to us that this term most accurately reflects the content of the studied subject. The reasons for the occurrence of slang words in forensic discourse are analyzed: autonomy of professional communication; saving speech efforts in the process of communication; the psycholinguistic nature of the use of slang nominations. The revealed and interpreted communicative-pragmatic features of forensic discourse allow us to draw the following conclusions: the boundaries of the terminological and non-terminological zones in the space of discourse are mobile; activation of lexical and semantic processes, as a result of which new slang words appear or a rearrangement of the semantic content of existing units occurs. These features allow us to talk about the open nature of the forensic discourse as a cognitive structure.

scholarly journals Communicating Across Cultures and Languages in the Health Care Setting. Claire Penn & Jennifer Watermeyer. Palgrave Macmillan, UK. 368 Pp. ISBN 978-1-137-58100-6

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. A. Kharkovskaya ◽  
A. A. Golubykh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
South African ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Medical Communication ◽  
Healthcare Settings

The book under review presents the challenging and creative research endeavours concerning some peculiar characteristics of multicultural and multilingual communication in South African healthcare settings. The authors of this work – Claire Penn, a professor and director of the Health Communication Research Unit, and Jennifer Watermeyer, an associate professor in the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, – focus on bridging the gap between the voices of the lifeworld and the voices of medicine via communication characterized by the complexities and pitfalls within culturally and linguistically diverse health care contexts. The research under review is aimed at analyzing the cognitive space of professional medical communication in healthcare settings for applying the results in practice. Research of the cross-language interactions in healthcare facilities (using the evidence from South African medical settings) certainly contributes a lot to establishing an adequate cultural brokers’ role in the professional communication and to describing methods aimed at modifying interactions between a healthcare professional and a patient, which taken together lead to the improvement of medical communication in general. This book is a reasonably valuable source of essential knowledge for both healthcare professionals, linguists, discourse analysis researchers, medical educators and practitioners, and for those people who are interested in the specificities of communication research projects in terms of professional medical discourse on the global scale.

scholarly journals An Overview of Medical Discourse Studies: Cultural Variation across Genres and Registers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darly Ofica
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Communication Interaction ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Medical Side

Discourse is a language context that exists in a dialogue or communication interaction. Discourse is also part of pragmatic analysis. Discourse takes a role in medical side broadly. It exits in medical context about curing, healing, therapy, curative practices, speaking and writing that can help medical institution, social action, and etc. this paper reviews a description about cultural variation in medical discourse and variation between register and genres. This study examines two approaches to analyzing Medical Discourse namely Conversation Analysis (CA) Foucaults’ theory.

scholarly journals An Overview of Medical Discourse Studies: Cultural Variation across Genres and Registers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darly Ofica ◽  
Budianto Hamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Communication Interaction ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Medical Side

Discourse is a language context that exists in a dialogue or communication interaction. Discourse is also part of pragmatic analysis. Discourse takes a role in medical side broadly. It exits in medical context about curing, healing, therapy, curative practices, speaking and writing that can help medical institution, social action, and etc. this paper reviews a description about cultural variation in medical discourse and variation between register and genres. This study examines two approaches to analyzing Medical Discourse namely Conversation Analysis (CA) Foucaults’ theory.

‘If it didn't work the first time, we can try it again’: Conditionals as a grounding device in a genre of illness discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Heidrun Dorgeloh
Keyword(s):  
American Medical Association ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
American Medical ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Semantic Concept ◽  
Medical Communication ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
First Time

This article explores the occurrence and some special patterns of conditional usage in medical discourse produced by doctors and patients. Findings are based on the Journal of the American Medical Association with its section Clinical Crossroads, which was founded to further the cooperation of patients with medical professionals. The analysis centers upon the concept of prediction, which is considered both a semantic concept governing verb patterns as well as a communicative act prominent in medical encounters. It is found that, in the discourse context investigated here, patients are more concerned with prediction than doctors, but that they also produce at times unusual patterns in which they mirror their doctors’ voices. The mapping of mental spaces, inherent in the conditional construction, then takes the form of a mapping of voices as institutionalized by the genre. Such uses of conditionals suggest that a classification based on content, or ‘logic’, from which only pragmatic types of conditionals depart, turns out to be inadequate, since the construction operates on two simultaneous levels; these are grounded in the discourse situation provided by the genre. For medical communication, this illustrates that patients engage in their own predictions but also strive for an alignment with their doctors.

scholarly journals Pragmatics of Political Blame in British and Iraqi Parliaments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Ghalib Saleem ◽  
Rihab Abduljaleel Saeed Alattar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Blame Avoidance ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Number Game ◽  
Main Strategy

This research is a pragmatic study of political blame in British and Iraqi Parliaments. It aims to unfold the similarities and/or differences in terms of the pragmatic and pragma-rhetorical strategies used by British and Iraqi politicians when they exchange blame in both offensive and defensive situations. A statistical analysis is conducted to quantitatively support the findings of the pragmatic analysis. The analyses conducted have yielded different results among blame is a process composed of two stages. Each stage is distinct for its pragmatic components and pragma-rhetorical strategies. British and Iraqi MPs at the blame stage tend to utilize impoliteness as their main strategy. However, British and Iraqi MPs perform differently at the blame avoidance stage in that British MPs employ politeness as their main defense strategy, whereas Iraqi MPs exploit impoliteness. Besides, British and Iraqi MPs at the blame stage tend to violate the maxim of quality by fabricating their statements. At the blame avoidance stage, the maxim of relevance was the most violated one through the strategy of evasion. As for pragma-rhetorical strategies, British and Iraqi politicians at the blame stage exploit the pragma-rhetorical strategy of number-game to support their credibility. At the blame avoidance stage, British politicians primarily utilize hyperbole, whereas Iraqi politicians deploy shifting blame.

785 Causes of death on heart failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
M ANASTASIU ◽  
C MIHAI ◽  
C CALTEA ◽  
C SINESCU
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Causes Of Death

A Reassessment of Suicide Measurement

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Doessel ◽  
Ruth F.G. Williams ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Background. Concern with suicide measurement is a positive, albeit relatively recent, development. A concern with “the social loss from suicide” requires careful attention to appropriately measuring the phenomenon. This paper applies two different methods of measuring suicide data: the conventional age-standardized suicide (count) rate; and the alternative rate, the potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate. Aims. The purpose of applying these two measures is to place suicide in Queensland in a historical and comparative (relative to other causes of death) perspective. Methods. Both measures are applied to suicide data for Queensland since 1920. These measures are applied also to two “largish” causes of death and two “smaller” causes of death, i.e., circulatory diseases, cancers, motor vehicle accidents, suicide. Results. The two measures generate quite different pictures of suicide in Queensland: Using the PYLL measure, suicide is a quantitatively larger issue than is indicated by the count measure. Conclusions. The PYLL measure is the more appropriate measure for evaluation exercise of public health prevention strategies. This is because the PYLL measure is weighted by years of life lost and, thus, it incorporates more information than the count measure which implicitly weights each death with a somewhat partial value, viz. unity.

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