Indigenous Communication and Traditional Health Practices Among the Yoruba During Pregnancy, Child Delivery, and Baby Caring

Communication is a vital aspect of human existence. It pervades man's existence and society, forming an integral part of human life. Communication is the means through which human beings express their feelings. Indigenous communication serves as the traditional means of conveying messages, all social and value exchanges of indigenous practice like the health practices. Traditional health practices include the use of knowledge skills, practices based on indigenous belief, experiences of culture used in maintenance of health-prevention, treatment and diagnosis in traditional health practices. This chapter examines and documents traditional health practices on how Yorùbás care for pregnancy, child delivery, and their babies. Such traditional health practices have existed since before the advent of modern health practices, thereby using indigenous communication for preservation and dissemination of valuable information that is significant for Yorùbá generations.

Oral Health for Older Adults: Policy Barriers and Opportunities

Tooth decay and gum disease are two of the most common chronic health conditions in the United States, are reversible and preventable, and impact approximately 68% of older adults nationwide (CDC, 2021; World Health Organization, 2020). While the Affordable Care Act added provisions to health prevention services, oral health prevention coverage was only included for children, leaving many adults and older adults without coverage (Nasseh & Vujicic, 2017). The research team used a rapid review process using 17 key search term combinations to identify literature in three medical databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Consumer Health Complete) to identify system and policy level barriers and opportunities to address oral health equity issues for older adults in the United States. 40 articles met inclusion criteria for thematic analysis. Findings revealed three barrier categories: 1) poor oral health literacy of patients and health care providers, 2) reimbursement variability contributing to access and utilization barriers, 3) workforce and scope of practice variability. In addition, four opportunity categories were identified: 1) community-based oral health programming for older adults, 2) new reimbursement models, 3) medical-dental collaborations, and 4) policy and practice act updates. The COVID-19 public health crisis has impacted the implementation of some system and policy level opportunities. However, new health care initiatives specific to Medicare in discussion at the national level provide an opportunity to make some headway on the policy updates needed to address the oral health of older Americans. Findings and implications will be shared with the audience.

Production and Health Management from Grazing to Confinement Systems of Largest Dairy Bovine Farms in Azores: A Farmers’ Perspective

The intensification of bovine milk production in the Azores has led farmers to increase farm size and specialization in grasslands, implementing confined and semi-confined production systems. Fixed milking parlours (FMP) have progressively gained more popularity, at the expense of conventional mobile milking systems (MMS). The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between production and health management in dairy cattle farms, with FMP or MMS, in grasslands (São Miguel, Azores), according to the farmers’ perspective. A total of 102 questions about production and health management were surveyed in 105 farms with >30 dairy cows each. Farms with FMP were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with larger herd size, better facilities, and specialized management, however, the adoption of preventive and biosecurity measures should be improved by these farmers. MMS farms implemented a lower level of disease prevention or control programs, less frequent transhumance, and showed a wider vocation to dual-purpose (milk and cross beef) than FMP farms. In conclusion, MMS and FMP farms tried to optimize yield and economic viability in different ways using grasslands. Several biosecurity and health prevention constraints were identified for improvement.

PEMBERDAYAAN KADER MELALUI PELATIHAN PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT GIGI DI SURABAYA

AbstrakDiketahui bahwa perilaku ibu dan anak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian karies. Kesehatan mulut dan gigi merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting bagi setiap individu di berbagai skala usia, termasuk anak-anak. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku ibu tentang kesehatan gigi rongga mulut ditinjau dari predisposisi, pendorong, dan penguat sebagai faktor risiko keparahan karies gigi pada anak usia 4-6 tahun di Surabaya. Metode: Pelatihan dan Pemberdayaan kader / ibu tentang pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit gigi (Cegatan Pagi / Cegah dan Tangani Penyakit Gigi), dan edukasi melalui Game Edukasi Ular Tangga tentang Kesehatan Mulut dan Gigi Anak (Beruang Imut / Bermain). Ular Tangga Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut). Kesulitan ibu dalam mendidik anaknya tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat diatasi melalui permainan edukatif. Permainan ular tangga ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan minat anak dalam menjaga kesehatan mulut. Kesulitan ibu dalam mendidik anaknya tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat diatasi melalui permainan edukasi. Hasil Utama: Nilai korelasi antara 2 variabel tersebut adalah -7,242 yang berarti hubungan tersebut kuat dan positif dengan tingkat signifikan 0,000. Nilai rata-rata sebesar -3,750 bertanda negatif, artinya nilai tersebut cenderung meningkat setelah diberikan perlakuan. Artinya negatif artinya ada kecenderungan skor meningkat setelah perawatan. Kesimpulan: Ada peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada responden kader ibu wali dan guru Taman Kanak-kanak.Kata kunci: deft, Keparahan karies Gigi, Pencegahan Penyakit Mulut, Perilaku Ibu AbstractIt is known that the behavior of mothers and children has a significant relationship to the incidence of caries. Oral and dental health is something that is very important for every individual at various age scales, including children. This article aims to determine Mothers behavior regarding oral dental health in terms of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing as A Risk Factor of Dental Caries Severity Of 4-6 Years Children in Surabaya. Methods: Training and Empowerment of cadres/mothers about the prevention and management of dental disease (Cegatan Pagi/Cegah dan Tangani Penyakit Gigi) and providing education through the Snake and Ladder Educational Game on Children's Oral and Dental Health or (Beruang Imut/Bermain Ular Tangga Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut). Difficulties for mothers in teaching their children about oral and dental health can be overcome through educational games. It is hoped that the snakes and ladders game will be able to increase children's understanding and interest in maintaining oral health Difficulties for mothers in teaching their children about oral and dental health can be overcome through educational games. Main Result: The correlation value between the 2 variables is -7,242, which means that the relationship is strong and positive with a significant level of 0.000. The mean value of -3,750 is negative, it means that the score tends to increase after being given treatment. The mean is negative, it means the tendency of the score to increase after treatment Conclusion: There was an increase in the level of knowledge about dental and oral health among the respondents of the cadres of mother guardians and teachers of kindergarten.Keywords: Dental Carries Severity, def-mother’s Behavior, Oral Health Prevention

Comparison of a Vegetable-Based Dental Chew to 2 Other Chews for Oral Health Prevention

Giving dental chews to dogs is part of the passive homecare that helps prevent the formation of plaque and tartar. The objectives of these studies were to assess the effectiveness of a vegetable-based dental chew (VF) to maintain oral health, and to compare it to 2 different reference chews (RC) with a proven effectiveness. The first study was conducted on 45 small dogs (<10 kg) and the second on 60 larger dogs (15-30 kg) who were randomly assigned to 3 different groups. During 30 days, one group received no chew (control) while the second and third group received either one RC (RC1 or RC2) or one VF per day. All dogs had their teeth scaled on Day 0. On Day 30, scores were given for plaque and calculus. Gingival parameters were also assessed. Statistical analysis (analysis of variance and Tukey tests ± Bonferroni's adjustment) were performed to compare groups with α set at .05 for significance. The 3 types of chews were found to be efficacious to reduce plaque and calculus formation and the gingival bleeding compared to control ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between RCs and VF in both trials except for the gingival bleeding parameters which showed a greater improvement with VF. Therefore, daily administration of the VF is effective to reduce plaque and calculus formation and gingival bleeding and has a better efficacy on gingival bleeding than the other reference products tested. It can therefore be used with confidence at home for preventative dental care.

Global trends and predictors of face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Guidelines and recommendations from public health authorities related to face masks have been essential in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of mask usage during the pandemic. Methods We examined a total of 13,723,810 responses to a daily cross-sectional online survey in 38 countries of people who completed from April 23, 2020 to October 31, 2020 and reported having been in public at least once during the last 7 days. The outcome was individual face mask usage in public settings, and the predictors were country fixed effects, country-level mask policy stringency, calendar time, individual sociodemographic factors, and health prevention behaviors. Associations were modeled using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression. Results Mask-wearing varied over time and across the 38 countries. While some countries consistently showed high prevalence throughout, in other countries mask usage increased gradually, and a few other countries remained at low prevalence. Controlling for time and country fixed effects, sociodemographic factors (older age, female gender, education, urbanicity) and stricter mask-related policies were significantly associated with higher mask usage in public settings. Crucially, social behaviors considered risky in the context of the pandemic (going out to large events, restaurants, shopping centers, and socializing outside of the household) were associated with lower mask use. Conclusion The decision to wear a face mask in public settings is significantly associated with sociodemographic factors, risky social behaviors, and mask policies. This has important implications for health prevention policies and messaging, including the potential need for more targeted policy and messaging design.