scholarly journals Analysis of the problems and methods of processing fecal waste of railway transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kanunnikov ◽  
Sergey Eroshchenko ◽  
Svetlana Kiseleva ◽  
Pavel Zozulya
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Technological Chain ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
Fecal Waste

he current scheme for the turnover of human waste is imperfect and has a number of serious problems that lead to the risk of pollution of the surrounding natural environment, the emergence of threats to human health, the accumulation of waste water that is not suitable for further use. one of the aspects of the turnover of human waste is the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport. The article develops the topic raised in the research work on the topic No. 7280-20 «Improving the mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport», carried out by the authors in 2020. A quantitative assessment of the volume of fecal waste is made, the ways of its utilization in a number of countries are described, the current legislative norms of the Russian Federation that regulate these processes, the existing turnover schemes, in which there are significant amounts of different chemical composition and possible ways of using sewage sludge. possible ways of processing are described, based on the existing world experience and theoretical developments confirmed by experiments. the problems and risks of human involvement in the natural cycle of these wastes are considered, while the ambiguity of the situation and the lack of the only correct solutions are noted. The purpose of the article is to consider the technological directions and techniques that can be useful for creating technologies for processing this material into a competitive product and choosing priority directions in the processing of fecal waste. Special attention is paid to the waste generated during the operation of railway passenger transport and the design of the technological chain that allows more efficient processing of these wastes and minimizes the negative impact on the natural and man-made environment.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the system of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Zozulya ◽  
Svetlana Kiseleva ◽  
Yakov Vishnyakov ◽  
Oleg Kanunnikov ◽  
Sergey Eroshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Stationary Points ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fecal Waste

The article is devoted to the analysis and development of recommendations for improving the efficiency of the system of environmental and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport in the Russian Federation. The article deals with the ecological and economic aspects of the functioning of closed sanitary systems for collecting sewage from the toilets of passenger trains, stationary points for cleaning tanks-collections of environmentally friendly toilets, as well as their processing and disposal. It is shown that the system of environmentally friendly toilet complexes requires updating and improving the mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport. The procedure for assigning waste of hazard classes I–IV to a specific hazard class is considered. The requirements for determining limits on the placement of fecal waste of railway transport are analyzed. The procedure for calculating and charging fees for the negative impact on the environment when placing fecal waste from railway transport is given. Possible regional benefits for income tax from activities related to the collection, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, and disposal of hazard class IV waste, including fecal waste from railway transport, are indicated. The rules for the transit of fecal waste from railway transport are given. The rules for regulating relations between consumers and performers in the field of services for organizing the collection and removal of fecal waste in terms of consumer protection are outlined. Recommendations are given for improving the system of environmental and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport. An approach to the formation of methods of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport, taking into account the industry risk of technological development, is proposed.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PROGRESSIVE GRAVITATIONAL METHODS IN THE LOGISTICS OF RAIL PASSENGER TRANSPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Milan Dedík ◽  
Karol Hrudkay ◽  
Adrián Šperka
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Passenger

The main strategic goal of EU transport policy is to support public passenger transport and railway transport as a key transport mode. It is also very important to develop and improve logistic processes in passenger transport. To meet these goals it is necessary to use professional and scientific methods, for example gravitational methods. These methods can be included among progressive empirical methods and models that are used to generalize specific results and offer a general solution to the problem, from practical knowledge to theoretical formulation. These methods are utilised in the natural sciences but their using in transport processes is very important too. One of the best known empirical methods are Nyvig´s and Lill´s gravitational methods. They are especially used in transport planning and organizing, determining of the traffic potential, optimization and rationalization of timetables and traffic service. In the contribution the authors deals with using of the current and new progressive gravitational methods in the context of rail passenger transport logistics. The first chapter comprises narrow connection of the logistics and rail passenger transport including the explanation of their function in rail passenger transport. The next chapter contains an analysis the current research of raised issues. The most important scientific part conssists of theoretical concept of the gravitational methods in railway passenger transport and its various modifications. Theoretical principles of the new progressive Lill´s gravitational model form including its practical application at the chosen railway passenger transport routes are explained and analyzed in the fourth and the fifth chapter.

scholarly journals An integrated approach to the analysis and evaluation of the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport, taking into account the state environmental policy in the context of technological development of the economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kiseleva ◽  
Yakov Vishnyakov ◽  
Pavel Zozulya ◽  
Sergey Eroshchenko ◽  
Oleg Kanunnikov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Current System ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of railway transport in the conditions of technological development in the interests of their improvement. It is indicated that Russia has developed a system of methods of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport. Attention is drawn to the insufficient effectiveness and efficiency of the current system of environmental and economic regulation mechanisms to encourage railway transport entities to technological modernization. The authors indicate the need to develop a comprehensive approach to the analysis and evaluation of mechanisms, taking into account their interdependence, dependence on internal and external factors, risks of technological development of the transport industry, and the impact of each mechanism on the environment. The article proposes to analyze and evaluate the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport based on the analysis and assessment of their contribution to the goals and objectives of state environmental policy at all levels (national, regional, industry, object). To analyze and evaluate the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport in the interests of implementing the state environmental policy in the context of technological development, an algorithm and indicator for analysis and evaluation are proposed. The authors draw attention to an important element of the analysis and evaluation of the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport-an assessment of the environmental and economic effects of the introduction and use of mechanisms. An algorithm and indicator for evaluating the integral ecological and economic effect of the introduction and use of mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of railway transport are proposed. The proposed approach is aimed at improving the system of mechanisms for environmental and economic regulation of railway transport, taking into account the environmental imperative of technological development of the economy. The article is based on the results of research work on the topic No. 7280-20 «Improving the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport», performed by the authors in 2020.

scholarly journals Regression Models for Determining Dependencies on Various Factors on the Railway Line Zohor – Záhorská Ves

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Juraj Čamaj ◽  
Štefan Čarný ◽  
Adrián Šperka
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Passenger

AbstractPublic passenger transport is presented as an opportunity to achieve future goals for establishing sustainable transportation systems. These systems are demanded from every member country of the EU for securing an ecologically friendly, fast, and reliable way of traveling in regions. Railway passenger transport is proven as a reliable and capable way of connecting regions. In many EÚ countries, railway transport has a certain gap, that could be improved without significant investments. In this study, we are focusing on negative consequences emerging from the cancelling operation of passenger transport on the chosen railway track. Most of the cancelations are affected by external influences. Individual car transport presents significant reasons with a noticeable impact on the potential of railway passenger transport in every region. On the railway line addressed in this article, passenger transport was cancelled in December 2019. This step was implemented for the constantly declining number of passengers. The object of the research is statistical dependence, characterized by the fact that the dependent variable is affected not only by independent variables but also by other unspecified variables and random effects. They are often called model faults or errors. This fact must be captured in a mathematical expression in a regression model. Based on this decision, it is necessary to seek answers to this situation using regression models that show the relationships between the number of passengers carried and the factors influencing their development. The main hypothesis is that the canceled of passenger transport was caused by low use by passengers. For example, with an increase/decrease in population, the number of passengers should increase/decrease the article verifies the dependences of the use of railway transport on the population of individual municipalities and on the development of fuel prices. Various dependencies (linear, polynomial, etc.) are used to test hypotheses. Testing of these dependencies will be performed using Fisher–Snedecor distribution. In the final part, the article also deals with the possibilities of using this line, as freight railway transport is no longer operated on this line. The research was carried out by a case study.

scholarly journals POSSIBLE WAYS OF IMPROVING RAILWAY OPERATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN AREA BETWEEN DECÍN AND RUMBURK

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Pavel Purkart ◽  
David Vodák ◽  
Tomáš Hoření ◽  
Tomáš Javořík
Keyword(s):  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
Railway Operation

This paper is dealing with improving the railway transport on axis Decín – Rumburk. This journey can be undertaken in two possible ways (as an interstate one or an international one through Germany), however the connections between trains are limited (especially problematic is the Rumburk junction, where the connection would be desired). The aim of this paper is to improve the connections in the whole area, in order to reach the maximal effectiveness of a railway passenger transport.

scholarly journals Implementation of Six Sigma methodology using DMAIC to achieve processes improvement in railway transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Eva Nedeliaková ◽  
Vladimíra Štefancová ◽  
Michal Petr Hranický
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Statistical Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
Railway Passenger

Abstract The provision of quality transport services is a prerequisite for the creation of an efficient organization that can meet the expectations and requirements of both the enterprise itself and its customers. From the railway enterprise's point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to the increasingly demanding requirements of its customers in railway passenger transport. This article focuses on identifying defects in rail transport processes that negatively affect ordinary operations. One of the most serious bottlenecks affecting railway transport reliability is the train delay, which fundamentally affects the perception of railway transport. At the same time, it emphasizes the need to apply individual tools according to the DMAIC cycle in order to achieve continuous improvement. The aim of the implemented Six Sigma methodology in railway enterprise is disciplined application of statistical problem-solving tools to recognize the gaps in the transport process and set out individual steps for their gradual removal.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF EXOGENOUS FACTORS THAT CAUSE THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Ovchynnikova ◽  
Denys Popov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Railway Passenger

The article proves the need to develop high-speed railway transport, due to the fact that the last decade of travel on high-speed trains around the world is often faster than on airplanes, due to the lack of lengthy check-in, baggage screening, airport transfers and others. This type of transportation is becoming a major factor in the growing trend when passengers choose a high-speed train instead of an airplane. A detailed analysis of high-speed railway transport activities and their competitive advantages in the domestic and world transport markets are outlined. It is proved that in the conditions of cardinal transformation of the external environment caused by globalization, digitalization and intellectualization of world economy the guarantee of efficiency of strategy of development of any business entity is establishment of exogenous factors. The necessity of using methods and models of strategic management in the process of development of high-speed railway transportation in Ukraine is substantiated, as well as the necessity of determining the corresponding exogenous factors. The study identified the following key factors: intensification of international traffic, development of subversive technologies for trains and new transport systems, introduction of multimodal high-speed railway passenger transport technologies, development of multimodal transport infrastructure for high-speed railway passenger transport, development of private passenger transport, partnerships in the use of various forms of state support, digitalization of business processes of high-speed railway passenger transportation, development of intelligent transport systems for high-speed railway passenger transportation, improving customer service of high-speed railway passenger transportation, increasing reliability and safety of rail passenger-passenger transportation cross-border cooperation during the development of high high-speed railway passenger traffic. This will create a basis for determining the impact of macroeconomic conditions on the development of high-speed passenger railway transport and establish the patterns of their economic growth.

scholarly journals Polish Regional and Long-Distance Railway Transport During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (192) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Agata Pomykała
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
First Year ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Passenger

The purpose of this article is to present the changes that took place on the market of passenger transport by rail in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Particular attention has been paid to the railway passenger transport in Poland. Two segments of this transport sector are presented: regional (represented by the POLREGIO company) and long-distance (represented by the PKP Intercity company). An analysis of the available data shows that irrespective of the segment, the year 2020 was characterized by significant reductions in terms of transport, which reached the lowest volumes in April and May, and the financial results of PKP Intercity were worse than in previous years; however, the share of POLREGIO in the market of passenger transport by rail increased. For the purpose of the article, literature and other available sources have been researched and analytical and synthetic methods have been applied. In addition to text, drawings are included. Keywords: railways, regional railway transport, long-distance railway transport, COVID-19

scholarly journals Analyzing the Factors Which Influence the Effectiveness of Railway Passenger Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Operational Factors ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
Stable Development

Railway transport makes significant contributions to the economy of every country. Approximately 30 000 people are directly employed in this sector in Bulgaria, and the added value to the GDP amounts to approximately 2% (NSI, 2019а). Railway transport is crucial for a more sustainable transport sector, stable economic development, as well as social cohesion and connectivity of citizens. The article presents a study of the technical and operational factors for the work of railway transport as well as energy consumption during freights. The goal is to outline the way these indicators affect the stable development of railway transport and what their actual influence is in regard to carrying out railway passenger transport. The speed and energy efficiency of railway passenger transport have been analysed, as they will serve as the foundation for specific suggestions on how to carry out passenger transport in Bulgaria more effectively.

Closed-Loop Bioconversion of Plant Material into Ethanol and Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
М.V. Turshatov ◽  
V.А. Krivchenko ◽  
А.О. Solovyev ◽  
V.D. Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Efficient Processing

At present, the production of ethyl alcohol in accordance with the current legislation is possible only on condition of complete processing or disposal of waste from the main process. The article discusses the possibility of partial replacement of industrial water at the stage of the mixture preparation with stillage filtrate and its condensate resulting from the evaporation in a vacuum unit. The data obtained showed that partial replacement of process water with the indicated substances does not lead to a decrease in the quality of the target product, while complete fermentation of raw materials occurs with the formation of alcohol in an amount exceeding the established rate. The closed production cycle reduces the negative impact of distilleries on the environment by reducing harmful emissions and ensuring the more complete and efficient processing of raw materials. In addition, this approach makes it possible to reduce the costs of production and the final product. Key words: complex processing of raw materials, waste, closed-loop process, grain stillage, feedstuffs, sour condensate, alcohol production Funding - Research work on the preparation of the manuscript was carried out at the expense of subsidy for the implementation of state assignment no. 0529-2019-0066.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document