Novel adjuvants and delivery systems for enhancing immune responses induced by immunogens

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antu K Dey ◽  
Indresh K Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Intracellular Routing and Recognition of Lipid-Based mRNA Nanoparticles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Christophe Delehedde ◽  
Luc Even ◽  
Patrick Midoux ◽  
Chantal Pichon ◽  
Federico Perche
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Mrna Sequence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Expression

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is being extensively used in gene therapy and vaccination due to its safety over DNA, in the following ways: its lack of integration risk, cytoplasmic expression, and transient expression compatible with fine regulations. However, clinical applications of mRNA are limited by its fast degradation by nucleases, and the activation of detrimental immune responses. Advances in mRNA applications, with the recent approval of COVID-19 vaccines, were fueled by optimization of the mRNA sequence and the development of mRNA delivery systems. Although delivery systems and mRNA sequence optimization have been abundantly reviewed, understanding of the intracellular processing of mRNA is mandatory to improve its applications. We will focus on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as they are the most advanced nanocarriers for the delivery of mRNA. Here, we will review how mRNA therapeutic potency can be affected by its interactions with cellular proteins and intracellular distribution.

Guanidinylated cationic nanoparticles as robust protein antigen delivery systems and adjuvants for promoting antigen-specific immune responses in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (33) ◽  
pp. 5608-5620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Li ◽  
Gaona Shi ◽  
Xiuyuan Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Song ◽  
Chuangnian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Adjuvants ◽  
Cationic Nanoparticles ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

Guanidinylated nanoparticles could act as effective immune adjuvants to elicit both potent antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses.

scholarly journals Hitchhiking on Controlled-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Opportunities and Challenges for Cancer Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Han ◽  
Ke Peng ◽  
Li-Ying Qiu ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Jing-Hua Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Cancer vaccines represent among the most promising strategies in the battle against cancers. However, the clinical efficacy of current cancer vaccines is largely limited by the lack of optimized delivery systems to generate strong and persistent antitumor immune responses. Moreover, most cancer vaccines require multiple injections to boost the immune responses, leading to poor patient compliance. Controlled-release drug delivery systems are able to address these issues by presenting drugs in a controlled spatiotemporal manner, which allows co-delivery of multiple drugs, reduction of dosing frequency and avoidance of significant systemic toxicities. In this review, we outline the recent progress in cancer vaccines including subunit vaccines, genetic vaccines, dendritic cell-based vaccines, tumor cell-based vaccines and in situ vaccines. Furthermore, we highlight the efforts and challenges of controlled or sustained release drug delivery systems (e.g., microparticles, scaffolds, injectable gels, and microneedles) in ameliorating the safety, effectiveness and operability of cancer vaccines. Finally, we briefly discuss the correlations of vaccine release kinetics and the immune responses to enlighten the rational design of the next-generation platforms for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals RNA interference in mosquito: understanding immune responses, double-stranded RNA delivery systems and potential applications in vector control

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balakrishna Pillai ◽  
U. Nagarajan ◽  
A. Mitra ◽  
U. Krishnan ◽  
S. Rajendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Potential Applications

scholarly journals Adjuvants and Antigen-Delivery Systems for Subunit Vaccines against Tuberculosis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Abu Salim Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Recombinant Bcg ◽  
New Vaccines ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

The only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis is BCG. However, BCG has failed to provide consistent protection against tuberculosis, especially pulmonary disease in adults. Furthermore, the use of BCG is contraindicated in immunocompromised subjects. The research towards the development of new vaccines against TB includes the use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as subunit vaccines. Such vaccines may be used either alone or in the prime-boost model in BCG-vaccinated people. However, the antigens for subunit vaccines require adjuvants and/or delivery systems to induce appropriate and protective immune responses against tuberculosis and other diseases. Articles published in this Special Issue have studied the pathogenesis of BCG in children and the use of BCG and recombinant BCG as potential vaccines against asthma. Furthermore, the use of different adjuvants and delivery systems in inducing the protective immune responses after immunization with subunit vaccines has been described.

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