scholarly journals Impact of White Mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) Infection on Needles and Crown Morphology of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina O. BARBU
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Crown Morphology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Needle Loss

White mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abromeit), (Santalales, Viscaceae) is a hemiparasite species and, in Romania, occurs only on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The species affects silver fir stands located mainly at lower elevations on the Eastern border of the silver fir natural distribution area. Along with drought and pollution, white mistletoe infection plays an important role in silver fir decline. The present study tried to quantify the mistletoe impact on crown degradation of silver fir trees, by measuring several parameters such as needle length and needle loss. The data were collected from a pure silver fir stand where more than 70% of trees were affected by mistletoe. The results indicate that both mistletoe infection and branch position into the crown influence the needles length. The reduction in needle length was more evident in the upper and middle part of the crown and smaller in the lower part of the crown, as well as in the “compensation crown” (formed by epicormic branches). The difference between needle lengths increases with the infection degree. In moderately and heavily infected trees, needles are falling in high proportion compared with low infected trees, demonstrating that mistletoe is producing crown degradation significantly reducing the photosynthetic tissue.

scholarly journals Impact of population dynamics of white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on European silver fir (Abies alba)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Philipp Noetzli ◽  
Beat M�ller ◽  
Thomas Niklaus Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Silver Fir

The different influence of magnesite emissions on the surface waxes of Norway spruce and silver fir

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bermadinger ◽  
D. Grill ◽  
P. Golob
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dust Load ◽  
Scanning Electron

The difference in vigour between Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Abies alba Mill, in an area exposed to fine dust containing MgO is reflected in scanning electron microscope studies of the needle surfaces. The greater vitality of the silver fir is correlated with intact wax structures and a somewhat lower dust load. In contrast, the spruce reveals a marked effect on the epicuticular wax by a heavy fine-dust load. Possible causes and physiological consequences are discussed.

The incidence of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on silver fir (Abies alba) in Croatia

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
Renata Pernar ◽  
Milan Glavaš ◽  
Marko Zebec ◽  
Danko Diminić
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Stand Parameters ◽  
Crown Closure

AbstractThe research on incidence of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on silver fir (Abies alba) was carried out in natural fir stands in Croatia. In the area of Gorski Kotar 32.8 % of the examined dominant fir trees were infected with mistletoe. The mistletoe incidence was presented according to the damage degrees of silver fir from 0 (healthy trees) to 4 (dead trees), rated by the crown defoliation and needle discoloration. With the increase of incidence, mistletoe spreads more onto more vital, i.e. less damaged trees. In the Dinaric Alps 28.6% of the examined fir trees were infected, this percentage amounting to 27.1% for the mountainous regions between the Sava and Drava rivers.The site and stand parameters (exposure, elevation, site quality, forest community and crown closure) were analysed in order to establish whether there was a correlation between these parameters and mistletoe incidence. There was a negative correlation between the elevation and mistletoe incidence. Among the compartments with a closed stands there were considerably less compartments with higher mistletoe incidence than among compartments with a sparsely closed and understocked stands. The other analysed site and stand parameters individually had no significant influence on mistletoe incidence.The correlation of silver fir mortality in 2004 and mistletoe incidence in 2002/03 was analysed, and their strong correlation was established. Mistletoe could be considered as a bioindicator of silver fir decline, and probably a significant contributor to that decline. In the areas where mistletoe incidence is great it can be presumed that silver fir is significantly damaged.

scholarly journals Tarnita Polluted Area: Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Nutrients from the Soil by Woody Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Iacoban ◽  
Ioan Marian Risca ◽  
Catalin Roibu ◽  
Elena Todirascu Ciornea ◽  
Radu Necula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Polluted Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Area North

Heavy metals are destructive environmental stressors that greatly reduce plant growth and productivity. Here, the content of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) and mineral nutrients (Ca, Mg and K) in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood from two sites in the Tarni�a mining area (North-Est Romania) was analyzed. The first site (no. 1) is located near a big tailings dump, whereas the other one (no. 2) is situated 6 km South, in a less polluted area. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the present-date levels of such elements in the investigated biological materials and to compare them. Measurements of heavy metal content in wood were performed with an AAS flame spectrometer, whereas an ICP-OES spectrometer was used for soil and tailings dump samples. The Mn content was higher in the site no. 1 located near the dump, for both species, but the difference was statistically significant only for the European beech trees. The Zn content of samples from the site no. 1 was lower than that corresponding to the second one (no. 2) for both species, but significant for the silver fir only. However, there was not found a significant difference in respect to both iron and copper in the samples collected from the two species and two different sites. Furthermore, the content of Ca and Mg of both species was found higher for the site no. 2, suggesting a better state of nutrition of the investigated trees than of those located near the tailings dump. The content of calcium and magnesium of silver fir was negatively correlated with the diameter of the trees collected from both sites.

scholarly journals The mycobiota of needles and shoots of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) with symptoms of Herpotrichia needle browning in the Tatra Mts. (Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pusz ◽  
Anna Baturo-Ciesniewska ◽  
Agata Kaczmarek-Pienczewska ◽  
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica ◽  
Katarzyna Patejuk
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Tatra National Park ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Research Period

The European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) has the largest distribution area of all the European species of fir. It is the only species of this type found in the Carpathian Mts., including their highest range - the Tatras, where it constitutes one of the main components of lower montane forests. In certain sections of the Carpathian Mountains fir stands are affected by the competitive pressure of beech. This may be due to climate change, as well as biotic factors such as plant diseases. One such disease is Herpotrichia needle browning. The goal of the present research was to assess the occurrence of Herpotrichia needle browning in the Tatra National Park and determine the species composition of fungi colonizing symptomatic needles and shoots. Symptoms of the disease were observed across the entire research period, i.e., from May to mid-September 2019. They included the wilting of the needles with subsequent mycelial growth on the remains, as well as shoot deformation. The mycological analysis of the needles and shoots of A. alba resulted in the isolation of 22 fungal taxa. In the case of the needles and shoots, which showed symptoms of infection, the most frequent species of fungus was Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E. Müll., followed by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Rhizosphaera macrospora Gourb. & M. Morelet. Herpotrichia needle browning seems to be triggered by a complex disease resulting from synergistic interaction of several fungal pathogens

scholarly journals Regeneration of Silver fir (Abies Alba Mill.) on Clear-cut Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
Petr Vaněk ◽  
Oldřich Mauer
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Two Sides

The paper evaluates the growth of Silver fir plantations on clear-cut areas in the regime of different sheltering and mixing with the European larch. The experiment was carried out on a permanent research plot where Silver fir was planted on an unsheltered open space, on an open space sheltered by the gradually overgrowing European larch, alternating in rows and mixed within the row with the gradually overgrowing European larch. It was also planted in a SW corner of the clear-cut area sheltered on two sides by a mature spruce stand. Results of measurements demonstrated that the conditions of the unsheltered clear-cut area or only partly sheltered clear-cut area have no principal adverse influence on the growth of Silver fir. However, a considerably higher mortality, more severe frost injury and impaired vitality of plants were observed. The most suitable option for the regeneration of Silver fir on a clear-cut area, i.e. the option in which Silver fir individuals would exhibit good growth, low mortality, low frost injury and high vitality (needle length and colour) appeared to be the plantation of Silver fir in mixed rows with the European larch (N-S direction of rows), where the larch starts to overgrow the fir very rapidly, thus providing the necessary shelter. Pure fir groups are then recommended to be planted in marginal stand parts that are sheltered for a greater part of the day by the surrounding stand.

scholarly journals Relationship and genetic diversity of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) subspecies

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Systematic Nomenclature

With the help of 21 putative isoenzyme loci, the genetic diversity and variations of <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>album</em> L. from 42 species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids of broadleaf trees, <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>austriacum</em> (Wiesb.) Vollmann, from 4 populations of Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) and <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>abietis</em> (Wiesb.) Abromeit, from 8 populations of European silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) were analyzed. On the dendrogram, the three investigated subspecies form three clusters, each clearly separated from the other, so we suggest a revision of the systematic nomenclature proposed to take into consideration a return to an earlier system of dividing the European mistletoe into three species: <em>Viscum album</em> L., <em>Viscum abietis</em> Beck, and <em>Viscum laxum</em> Boiss. et Reut. From among the 21 tested loci only one locus, SOD-A, was monomorphic. The average number of actual alleles (Na) and effective alleles (Ne) was 2.23 and 1.61 respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.199 in <em>V. album</em> ssp. <em>abietis</em> to 0.345 in the <em>V.a.</em> ssp. <em>album</em> populations. Average FST = 0.277 indicates that about 28% of genetic differentiation is due to an interpopulation diversity of <em>Viscum album</em> populations. There is a small gene flux between <em>Viscum album</em> populations with only one immigrant successfully entering a population per two generations (Nm = 0,653).

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

scholarly journals Impact of Industrial Pollution on Radial Growth of Conifers in a Former Mining Area in the Eastern Carpathians (Northern Romania)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Cristian Gheorghe Sidor ◽  
Radu Vlad ◽  
Ionel Popa ◽  
Anca Semeniuc ◽  
Ecaterina Apostol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to evaluate the impact of local industrial pollution on radial growth in affected Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in the Tarnița study area in Suceava. For northeastern Romania, the Tarnița mining operation constituted a hotspot of industrial pollution. The primary processing of non-ferrous ores containing heavy metals in the form of complex sulfides was the main cause of pollution in the Tarnița region from 1968 to 1990. Air pollution of Tarnița induced substantial tree growth reduction from 1978 to 1990, causing a decline in tree health and vitality. Growth decline in stands located over 6 km from the pollution source was weaker or absent. Spruce trees were much less affected by the phenomenon of local pollution than fir trees. We analyzed the dynamics of resilience indices and average radial growth indices and found that the period in which the trees suffered the most from local pollution was between 1978 and 1984. Growth recovery of the intensively polluted stand was observed after the 1990s when the environmental condition improved because of a significant reduction in air pollution.

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