scholarly journals Impact of population dynamics of white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on European silver fir (Abies alba)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Philipp Noetzli ◽  
Beat M�ller ◽  
Thomas Niklaus Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Silver Fir

The incidence of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on silver fir (Abies alba) in Croatia

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
Renata Pernar ◽  
Milan Glavaš ◽  
Marko Zebec ◽  
Danko Diminić
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Stand Parameters ◽  
Crown Closure

AbstractThe research on incidence of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on silver fir (Abies alba) was carried out in natural fir stands in Croatia. In the area of Gorski Kotar 32.8 % of the examined dominant fir trees were infected with mistletoe. The mistletoe incidence was presented according to the damage degrees of silver fir from 0 (healthy trees) to 4 (dead trees), rated by the crown defoliation and needle discoloration. With the increase of incidence, mistletoe spreads more onto more vital, i.e. less damaged trees. In the Dinaric Alps 28.6% of the examined fir trees were infected, this percentage amounting to 27.1% for the mountainous regions between the Sava and Drava rivers.The site and stand parameters (exposure, elevation, site quality, forest community and crown closure) were analysed in order to establish whether there was a correlation between these parameters and mistletoe incidence. There was a negative correlation between the elevation and mistletoe incidence. Among the compartments with a closed stands there were considerably less compartments with higher mistletoe incidence than among compartments with a sparsely closed and understocked stands. The other analysed site and stand parameters individually had no significant influence on mistletoe incidence.The correlation of silver fir mortality in 2004 and mistletoe incidence in 2002/03 was analysed, and their strong correlation was established. Mistletoe could be considered as a bioindicator of silver fir decline, and probably a significant contributor to that decline. In the areas where mistletoe incidence is great it can be presumed that silver fir is significantly damaged.

scholarly journals Impact of White Mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) Infection on Needles and Crown Morphology of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina O. BARBU
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Crown Morphology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Needle Loss

White mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abromeit), (Santalales, Viscaceae) is a hemiparasite species and, in Romania, occurs only on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The species affects silver fir stands located mainly at lower elevations on the Eastern border of the silver fir natural distribution area. Along with drought and pollution, white mistletoe infection plays an important role in silver fir decline. The present study tried to quantify the mistletoe impact on crown degradation of silver fir trees, by measuring several parameters such as needle length and needle loss. The data were collected from a pure silver fir stand where more than 70% of trees were affected by mistletoe. The results indicate that both mistletoe infection and branch position into the crown influence the needles length. The reduction in needle length was more evident in the upper and middle part of the crown and smaller in the lower part of the crown, as well as in the “compensation crown” (formed by epicormic branches). The difference between needle lengths increases with the infection degree. In moderately and heavily infected trees, needles are falling in high proportion compared with low infected trees, demonstrating that mistletoe is producing crown degradation significantly reducing the photosynthetic tissue.

scholarly journals Structure and dynamics of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) population in forest communities of the Świętokrzyski National Park. II. Population dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
National Park ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Świętokrzyski National Park ◽  
Phase Population

The paper presents the dynamics of silver fir population, and forecasts the changes in its size. The studies were conducted within the area of fir decline, in a fir forest and Carpathian beechwood. Changes in the size of following groups were illustrated in diagrammatic life-tables: i.e. seedlings, new growth, up-growth, and trees. The direction and rate of expected changes in the population was inferred from the matrix model. The studies showed that the population was in a regression phase. Population growth rate λ amounted to 0.83.

scholarly journals Relationship and genetic diversity of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) subspecies

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Systematic Nomenclature

With the help of 21 putative isoenzyme loci, the genetic diversity and variations of <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>album</em> L. from 42 species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids of broadleaf trees, <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>austriacum</em> (Wiesb.) Vollmann, from 4 populations of Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) and <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>abietis</em> (Wiesb.) Abromeit, from 8 populations of European silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) were analyzed. On the dendrogram, the three investigated subspecies form three clusters, each clearly separated from the other, so we suggest a revision of the systematic nomenclature proposed to take into consideration a return to an earlier system of dividing the European mistletoe into three species: <em>Viscum album</em> L., <em>Viscum abietis</em> Beck, and <em>Viscum laxum</em> Boiss. et Reut. From among the 21 tested loci only one locus, SOD-A, was monomorphic. The average number of actual alleles (Na) and effective alleles (Ne) was 2.23 and 1.61 respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.199 in <em>V. album</em> ssp. <em>abietis</em> to 0.345 in the <em>V.a.</em> ssp. <em>album</em> populations. Average FST = 0.277 indicates that about 28% of genetic differentiation is due to an interpopulation diversity of <em>Viscum album</em> populations. There is a small gene flux between <em>Viscum album</em> populations with only one immigrant successfully entering a population per two generations (Nm = 0,653).

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

scholarly journals Impact of Industrial Pollution on Radial Growth of Conifers in a Former Mining Area in the Eastern Carpathians (Northern Romania)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Cristian Gheorghe Sidor ◽  
Radu Vlad ◽  
Ionel Popa ◽  
Anca Semeniuc ◽  
Ecaterina Apostol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to evaluate the impact of local industrial pollution on radial growth in affected Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in the Tarnița study area in Suceava. For northeastern Romania, the Tarnița mining operation constituted a hotspot of industrial pollution. The primary processing of non-ferrous ores containing heavy metals in the form of complex sulfides was the main cause of pollution in the Tarnița region from 1968 to 1990. Air pollution of Tarnița induced substantial tree growth reduction from 1978 to 1990, causing a decline in tree health and vitality. Growth decline in stands located over 6 km from the pollution source was weaker or absent. Spruce trees were much less affected by the phenomenon of local pollution than fir trees. We analyzed the dynamics of resilience indices and average radial growth indices and found that the period in which the trees suffered the most from local pollution was between 1978 and 1984. Growth recovery of the intensively polluted stand was observed after the 1990s when the environmental condition improved because of a significant reduction in air pollution.

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