Relationship between uterine biopsy score, endometrial infection and inflammation in the mare

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Roland Kozdrowski ◽  
Marcin Nowak ◽  
Monika Sikora ◽  
Justyna Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
Biopsy Score ◽  
Infectious Endometritis

Summary Objective: Endometrial biopsy score is an accepted marker of uterine health and predicted fertility, and it has been suggested that endometrial alternations are correlated with susceptibility to persistent infectious endometritis. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of endometrial biopsy score with: 1) presence of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the epithelium and stratum compactum in histopathology; 2) presence of PMNs in cytology and 3) presence of infection in microbiology. Materials and methods: The material for examination was collected from 69 mares suspected for subclinical endometritis (bred three or more times unsuccessfully in the same breeding season) and from 15 maiden mares. Samples were collected by endometrial biopsy and cytobrush technique. Results: Endometrial alterations (biopsy score IIA, IIB, III) were found in 64 of 82 mares (78%). There was an increase in PMN occurrence for grades IIA, IIB and III. When comparing grades and PMNs infiltration, we observed statistically significant differences between grades I and IIA (p = 0.222) and grades I and IIB (p = 0.042) in samples collected by endometrial biopsy. Statistically significant differences were found in microbiological examination (biopsy p = 0.036; cytobrush p = 0.189), cytological examination (biopsy p = 0.040; cytobrush p = 0.079) and PMN infiltration (p = 0.042) between mares with biopsy scores I and IIB. Furthermore, the highest percentage of infected mares was in grade IIA and IIB, and we found statistically significant differences between grades I and IIA (p = 0.043), and grades I and IIB (p = 0.036) in biopsy samples. We observed a tendency to higher prevalence of endometrial infection in mares with biopsy score IIA, IIB and III than with biopsy score I in samples collected using cytobrush technique. However, there were no statistical significant differences. Conclusion: Degenerative endometrial changes can predispose to uterine infection and inflammation. Our study shows that mares with endometrial score I are less predisposed to infection than mares with category IIA, IIB and III. Endometrial biopsy is a reliable diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals Морфологічні показники крові корів за субклінічного ендометриту та після його лікування

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Т. П. Басараб
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
Experimental Group

У статті подано результати дослідження зміни показників крові корів, хворих на субклінічний ендометрит, та після лікування препаратом «Метродек». У хворих корів спостерігали зростання концентрації лейкоцитів до 15,28±1,2 г/л та зниження концентрації до 6,50±0,76 г/л після лікування. Концентрація еритроцитів у хворих корів становила 4,85±0,56 т/л та підвищення концентрації після лікування до 6,07±0,28 т/л. Концентрація гемоглобіну у хворих корів становила 83,77±7,28 г/л та підвищення концентрації до 95,00±8,27 г/л. Отримані дані свідчать, що препарат «Метродек» є ефективним для лікування субклінічного ендометриту у корів. Obstetrical and gynecological diseases cause long-term infertility in cows. It is important to pay attention to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the reproductive system. Due to the late diagnosis of endometritis, the process passes into a subclinical form that causes long-term infertility of cows. Endometritis is diseases which accompanied by infertility. The main etiological factor is microorganisms. Subclinical endometritis is diagnosed based on anamnesis, vaginal, rectal, ultrasound, hysteroscopic examination of the uterus, bacteriological examination of endometrial biopsy, cytological examination of smears and biochemical, morphological studies of blood. The aim of our study was to determine morphological changes in blood parameters of cows with subclinical endometritis and after treatment with «Metrodek». There was a significant increase of leukocytes in cows with subclinical endometritis by 130 % (P<0.01) compared to control group and a significant decrease of leukocytes in cows after treatment by 42 % (P<0.01) compared with the experimental group before treatment. Erythrocytes in cows with subclinical endometritis were significantly lowered by 22 % (P<0.01) compared to the control group and significantly increased after treatment by 25 % (P<0.01) compared to the experimental group before treatment. Hemoglobin in cows with subclinical endometritis were significantly lowered by 16 % (P<0.01) compared to control group and significantly increased by 13 % (P<0.05) compared to the experimental group before treatment. The course of the disease could be clinically and subclinically endometritis. It depends on the intensity of microbial contamination, intoxication and efficiency of treatment from timely diagnosis. The obtained data indicates that the drug «Metrodeck» is effective in treating subclinical endometritis in cows. This pathology affects morphological changes in the blood parameters and is characterized by an increase in the concentration of leukocytes, a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells and hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Addition of Clinoptilolite In The Diet Reduces Uterine PMN Leukocytes And Open Days In Multiparous Lactating Dairy Cows Managed In A Mountain Tropical Pasture-Based System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin I Sinchi ◽  
Jenny F. Zuin ◽  
Juan Pablo Garzón ◽  
Gonzalo E. López ◽  
Guido Calle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Pmn Leukocytes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

Abstract This study was aimed to assess the effect of adding clinoptilolite in the diet on uterine health and reproductive performance in multiparous lactating dairy cows managed in a tropical pasture-based system above 2500 meters of altitude. Seventy-seven multiparous Holstein crossbred cows were allocated randomly into two groups: clinoptilolite supplemented cows (CLG, n = 42) and non-supplemented cows as control (CG, n = 35). Cows from CLG were supplemented with clinoptilolite from 30 days (50 g/cow/day) before to 60 days after calving (200 g/cow/day). Data were analyzed by general linear model, least squares means and chi-square test of SAS. In CLG cows, percentages of uterine PMN leukocytes (P<0.0001) and proportion of subclinical endometritis (P=0.0187) were lower than in CG. The interval calving to first corpus luteum was shorter (P=0.0759) in CLG than CG, and calving to first service interval was similar between treatments. Cows from CLG became pregnant 35 days earlier than CG cows (P=0.0224). In conclusion, daily addition of clinoptilolite in the diet decreased the proportion of cows with subclinical endometritis and shortened the interval from calving to conception in lactating dairy cows.

Prevalence of postpartum subclinical endometritis in three dairy farms of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Amaris Guzmán-Rivera ◽  
Esbal Jiménez-Cabán ◽  
Héctor L. Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jaime E. Curbelo-Rodríguez ◽  
Guillermo Ortiz-Colón
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
A Value ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

Endometritis is one of the causes associated with low reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle. This study evaluated the prevalence of subclinical endometritis (SE) in three dairy herds in Puerto Rico during both hot and cool seasons. In cows at 45±7 days post-partum, SE, defined as the presence of ≥5% of polymorphonuclear cells in samples of endometrial tissue, was determined by cytology. The overall prevalence of SE (n=101 cows) was 8.9% and no significant effects were found of breed (P=0.73), season (P=0.34), number of lactations (P=0.60), nor location (P=0.56). For Holsteins, Brown Swiss, Jersey and crossbred cows the prevalence of SE was 10.4, 18.7, 0, and 6.3%, respectively. Primiparous cows showed a value of 7.1% SE and multiparous, 10.2%. During the hot season the prevalence of SE was 6.1% versus 11.5% for the cool season. At the dairies located in Moca, Lajas and Camuy the condition was detected in 5.5%, 6.6% and 12.0% of the cows, respectively. Compared to studies conducted in other countries, the present results indicate that SE is relatively well under control in the local dairy herds studied.

scholarly journals 63 EFFECT OF ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY ON UTERINE HEALTH OF TROPICALLY ADAPTED BEEF CATTLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
O. Ramirez-Garzon ◽  
N. Satake ◽  
R. E. Lyons ◽  
C. Palmieri ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Biopsy Site ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Quantitative Scoring

In cattle, endometrial gene expression during the first 2 weeks after fertilization is different in cattle that conceive compared with those that fail to conceive. The potential selection of animals based on endometrial marker expression before the day of embryo transfer may improve the efficiency of bovine embryo transfer. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and molecular changes induced by endometrial biopsy in cycling tropically adapted beef cattle. In both experiments, a single biopsy was performed on the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum using a circular cup biopsy forceps. The uterus was collected after slaughter, and sections were taken adjacent to the biopsy site. Five heifers were not biopsied and acted as controls. In Experiment 1, presynchronised heifers (n = 10) were biopsied on Day 7 post-oestrus (B7) and then resynchronised with cloprostenol (Estromil®, 250 μg IM) to induce oestrus (O), 2 to 3 days after injection. At Day 7 post-oestrus (D7), the reproductive tracts were collected, 10 days after biopsy (B7-O-D7). In Experiment 2, presynchronised heifers (n = 7) were biopsied on Day 4 post-oestrus (B4), and reproductive tracts were collected 3 days later (B4-D7). A quantitative scoring system was used to define histological appearance of the endometrium (1 to 25; above 16 indicates endometritis). The RNA expressions of interleukin-1-β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Macroscopic examination showed the uterus collected from B7-O-D7 heifers exhibited a focal, well demarcated, dark red discoloration of the endometrium (4/10) with no evidence of the biopsy site found in the remaining heifers (6/10). The biopsied uteri from B4-D7 heifers revealed no macroscopic evidence of the biopsied site (4/7), serosa congestion (2/7), and one case where a severe endometrial haemorrhage was evident (1/7). Histologically, the overall mean score was not indicative of endometritis. The RNA expression showed up-regulation of both IL-1β and TGF-β in both B7-O-D7 and B4-D7 heifers compared with non-biopsied heifers and significantly higher expression of IL-1β in B4-D7 than B7-O-D7 (P = 0.031, P < 0.05). Although in most cases there was little or no evidence of damage to the endometrium within 3 to 10 days after endometrial biopsy, there was still some evidence of up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and tissue repair genes. What effect the latter has on likelihood of conception is yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Cytological, Bacteriological and Antibiogram Studies for the Management of Uterine Infection in Repeat Breeder Bovines

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Pande ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Y.K. Soni ◽  
N. Prasad ◽  
N. Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Yeast Infection ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
White Side ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Reproductive Problem ◽  
Endometrial Cytology ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Background: Repeat breeding syndrome (RBS) associated with sub-clinical uterine infection (UI) remains to be a major reproductive problem faced by Indian farmers. Present study documents its diagnosis, prevalent etiological agents, antibiogram pattern and efficacy of the treatment at field level. Methods: Seventy-eight RBS affected bovines were selected. The cervical mucous (CM) was collected for study of its characteristics, white-side test, endometrial cytology, microbial examination and antibiogram. The treatment protocol was developed and the animals’ response to the treatment was assessed. Result: The overall incidence of RBS was found to be 12.9% and the cases associated with uterine infection (RBS/UI+ve) and without uterine infection (RBS/UI-ve) were 44.87% and 55.13%, respectively. The mean scores of CM character, odour, pH and number of polymorphonuclear cells in RBS/UI +ve were 2.09±1.39, 1.14±0.12, 8.49±0.08 and 12.46±0.96, respectively, and differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from RBS/UI-ve cases. The microbial examination revealed the presence of gram negative bacilli, Trueperella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and yeast infection. Antibiogram studies recorded the response of Tetracyclin as best (48.57%) followed by Cephalexin (22.86%), Chloramphenicol (20.0%) and Streptomycin (8.57%). The RBS/UI+ve cases were treated individually, on one-to-one basis, obeying antibiogram. The infection appeared to be considerably controlled and overall success rate was observed in the form of confirmed pregnancy in 71.43% cases. Thus, it was concluded that prompt diagnosis using endometrial cytology and antibiogram guided therapeutic approach may aid for effective management of RBS/UI +ve cases, under field conditions.

scholarly journals Relationship between Protein Oxidation Biomarkers and Uterine Health in Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Gabai ◽  
Elisabetta De Luca ◽  
Giovanni Miotto ◽  
Gianni Zin ◽  
Annalisa Stefani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
The Relationship

High neutrophil (PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophil) counts in the endometrium of cows affected by endometritis, suggests the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) among the causes of impaired fertility. Protein oxidation, in particular, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), are OS biomarkers linked to PMN activity. To test this hypothesis, the relationship between protein oxidation and uterus health was studied in thirty-eight dairy cows during the puerperium. The animals were found to be cycling, without any signs of disease and pharmacological treatments. PMN count was performed either through a cytobrush or a uterine horn lavage (UHL). Cows were classified into four groups, based on the uterine ultrasonographic characteristics and the PMN percentage in the uterine horns with a higher percentage of high neutrophil horn (HNH). They were classified as: Healthy (H); Subclinical Endometritis (SCE); Grade 1 Endometritis (EM1); and Grade 2 Endometritis (EM2). AOPP and carbonyls were measured in plasma and UHL. UHL samples underwent Western blot analysis to visualize the carbonyl and dityrosine formation. Plasma AOPP were higher (p < 0.05) in EM2. AOPP and carbonyl group concentrations were higher in the HNH samples (p < 0.05). Protein concentration in the UHL was higher in the EM2 (p < 0.05). Carbonyl and dityrosine formation was more intense in EM1 and EM2. Protein oxidation observed in the EM2 suggests the presence of an inflammatory status in the uterus which, if not adequately hindered, could result in low fertility.

Influence of age and endometrial biopsy score on the expression of lactoferrin in the uterus of mares

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Y. Nambo ◽  
S. Urayama ◽  
K. Ito ◽  
M. Shikichi ◽  
K. Orino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Biopsy Score

Susceptibility to persistent breeding-induced endometritis in the mare: Relationship to endometrial biopsy score and age, and variations between seasons

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Woodward ◽  
M. Christoffersen ◽  
J. Campos ◽  
E.L. Squires ◽  
M.H.T. Troedsson
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Biopsy Score
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