scholarly journals 63 EFFECT OF ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY ON UTERINE HEALTH OF TROPICALLY ADAPTED BEEF CATTLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
O. Ramirez-Garzon ◽  
N. Satake ◽  
R. E. Lyons ◽  
C. Palmieri ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Biopsy Site ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Quantitative Scoring

In cattle, endometrial gene expression during the first 2 weeks after fertilization is different in cattle that conceive compared with those that fail to conceive. The potential selection of animals based on endometrial marker expression before the day of embryo transfer may improve the efficiency of bovine embryo transfer. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and molecular changes induced by endometrial biopsy in cycling tropically adapted beef cattle. In both experiments, a single biopsy was performed on the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum using a circular cup biopsy forceps. The uterus was collected after slaughter, and sections were taken adjacent to the biopsy site. Five heifers were not biopsied and acted as controls. In Experiment 1, presynchronised heifers (n = 10) were biopsied on Day 7 post-oestrus (B7) and then resynchronised with cloprostenol (Estromil®, 250 μg IM) to induce oestrus (O), 2 to 3 days after injection. At Day 7 post-oestrus (D7), the reproductive tracts were collected, 10 days after biopsy (B7-O-D7). In Experiment 2, presynchronised heifers (n = 7) were biopsied on Day 4 post-oestrus (B4), and reproductive tracts were collected 3 days later (B4-D7). A quantitative scoring system was used to define histological appearance of the endometrium (1 to 25; above 16 indicates endometritis). The RNA expressions of interleukin-1-β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Macroscopic examination showed the uterus collected from B7-O-D7 heifers exhibited a focal, well demarcated, dark red discoloration of the endometrium (4/10) with no evidence of the biopsy site found in the remaining heifers (6/10). The biopsied uteri from B4-D7 heifers revealed no macroscopic evidence of the biopsied site (4/7), serosa congestion (2/7), and one case where a severe endometrial haemorrhage was evident (1/7). Histologically, the overall mean score was not indicative of endometritis. The RNA expression showed up-regulation of both IL-1β and TGF-β in both B7-O-D7 and B4-D7 heifers compared with non-biopsied heifers and significantly higher expression of IL-1β in B4-D7 than B7-O-D7 (P = 0.031, P < 0.05). Although in most cases there was little or no evidence of damage to the endometrium within 3 to 10 days after endometrial biopsy, there was still some evidence of up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and tissue repair genes. What effect the latter has on likelihood of conception is yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212096575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurul Amin ◽  
Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Md Ibrahim ◽  
Md Lukman Hakim ◽  
Md. Salim Ahammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

Inflammatory cytokines are highly inducible small glycoproteins or regulatory proteins of low molecular weight secreted by different cell types. They regulate intercellular communication and mediate a number of physiological functions in the human immune system. Numerous prospective studies report that inflammatory cytokines strongly predict coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other adverse cardiac events. Inflammatory cascade is believed to be a causative factor in the development of atherosclerotic process. Several aspects of atherogenesis are accelerated by cytokines. This article provides an overall overview of current understanding of cytokines in various cardiovascular events. Besides, inflammatory cytokines trigger cellular events that can induce malignancy and carcinogenesis. Elevated expression of several cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor-β are involved in tumor initiation and progression. Thus, they exert a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis. This review highlights the role of several cytokines in various events of tumorigenesis. Actually, this article summarizes the contributions of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

The Concentration of Plasma Provides Additional Bioactive Proteins in Platelet and Autologous Protein Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1955-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Muir ◽  
Natalie Reisbig ◽  
Michael Baria ◽  
Christopher Kaeding ◽  
Alicia L. Bertone
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Unique Source

Background: Currently, platelet-poor plasma (PPP) is a discarded waste product of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and may contain valuable proteins. Purpose/Hypothesis: The study’s goal was to evaluate the concentration of plasma as a potential additive biotherapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis. We hypothesized that a novel polyacrylamide concentration device would efficiently concentrate insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) from PPP and be additive to PRP or autologous protein solution (APS). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A laboratory study was conducted with human and equine whole blood from healthy volunteers/donors. Fresh samples of blood and plasma were processed and characterized for platelet, white blood cell, and growth factor/cytokine content and then quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for IGF-1, transforming growth factor–β, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as representatives of cartilage anabolic and inflammatory mediators. Results: A potent cartilage anabolic protein, IGF-1, was significantly concentrated by the polyacrylamide concentration device in both human and equine PPP. The polyacrylamide device also substantially increased plasma proteins over whole blood, most dramatically key proteins relevant to the treatment of osteoarthritis, including transforming growth factor–β (29-fold over blood) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (70-fold over plasma). Conclusion: Concentrated PPP is a unique source for biologically relevant concentrations of IGF-1. PRP and APS can produce greater concentrations of other anabolic and anti-inflammatory proteins not found in plasma. Clinical Relevance: The polyacrylamide device efficiently concentrated PPP to create a unique source of IGF-1 that may supplement orthopaedic biologic therapies.

Transforming Growth Factor β 1, Interleukin-8 and Interleukin-1, in Non–Small-Cell Lung Tumors

1997 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 968-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONELLA COLASANTE ◽  
NICOLA MASCETRA ◽  
MAURO BRUNETTI ◽  
GIUSEPPE LATTANZIO ◽  
MARIAGRAZIA DIODORO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Priming IKKβ kinase for action

2014 ◽  
Vol 463 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Ley ◽  
Rudi Beyaert
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Activation Loop ◽  
Iκb Kinase ◽  
Biochemical Journal ◽  
Upstream Kinase

IKKβ (IκB kinase β) is a core component of signalling pathways that control the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) transcription factors, which regulate many physiological processes, including cell survival, immunity and DNA-damage responses. Like many kinases, activation of IKKβ requires phosphorylation of the activation loop of its kinase domain. Different upstream protein kinases, and IKKβ itself, have been reported to directly phosphorylate and activate IKKβ in vitro, but the exact molecular mechanism of IKKβ activation in cells has remained unclear. In a recent article in the Biochemical Journal, Zhang and co-workers showed that IKKβ is activated by two sequential phosphorylations of its activation loop in response to TNF (tumour necrosis factor), IL-1 (interleukin-1) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) ligands. Using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, they demonstrate that IKKβ is first phosphorylated by the upstream kinase TAK1 [TGFβ (transforming growth factor β)-activated kinase-1] at Ser177, which then serves as a priming signal for subsequent IKKβ autophosphorylation at Ser181. This study resolves two apparently conflicting earlier models of IKKβ activation into a single unified model, and suggests that the IKKβ activation loop may integrate distinct ‘upsteam’ signals to activate NF-κB.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bilal Bengana ◽  
◽  
Samy Slimani ◽  
Bachir Hachemi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. An external trigger (eg, cigarette smoking, infection, or trauma) that triggers an autoimmune reaction, leading to synovial hypertrophy and chronic joint inflammation along with the potential for extra-articular manifestations, is theorized to occur in genetically susceptible individuals. Several genes are implicated including class II major histocompatibility complex genes, PTPN22, and C5-TRAF1. Adaptive and innate immune responses in the synovium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. Evidence of autoimmunity, including high serum levels of autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factors and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies, can be present for many years before the onset of clinical arthritis. Although inciting factors have yet to be identified, the presence and activity of a number of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines have established roles in disease pathogenesis. The activation and infiltration of T cells and macrophages in the synovium result in the production of interleukin-1, -2, -6, -8, -10, -17; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); platelet-derived growth factor; insulin-like growth factor; and transforming growth factor β (TGF β). These effector molecules are implicated in synovial tissue inflammation and proliferation, cartilage and bone destruction, and systemic effects.

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