scholarly journals In situ nitrogen management in landfill bioreactors using combined sharon and anammox processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sri Shalinia ◽  
Kurian Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Significant Attention

Landfill bioreactors (LFBR) are gaining significant attention as sustainable alternative for conventional landfilling. Nitrogen management is an important issue in landfill bioreactors. The present study is to establish the combined SHARON (single reactor system for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite) and ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) processes in landfill bioreactors for in situ nitrogen management. Laboratory scale landfill bioreactors (43 L volume capacity) as SHARON-ANAMMOX LFBR were loaded with mined municipal solid waste operated for 147 days at a nitrogen loading rate of 1.2 kg N/m3/d. The results showed a nitrogen removal efficiency of 84% with maximum partialnitritation efficiency of 56% and specific ANAMMOX activity of 0.7 mg Amm-N/mg MLVSS/d was achieved in the LFBR. Nitrogen transformations, biomass development and, hydrazine and hydroxylamine formation authenticated the aerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AnAOB/ANAMMOX) activities responsible for combined SHARON-ANAMMOX processes in LFBR. 99% of the biogas in LFBR as N2 the end product confirmed the combined SHARON-ANAMMOX processes. The study successfully demonstrated the combined SHARON-ANAMMOX processes for in situ nitrogen management in landfill bioreactors with shorter start-up time and stable operation.

scholarly journals Start-up Strategies for Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) in In-Situ Nitrogen Removal from Polluted Groundwater in Rare Earth Mining Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4591
Author(s):  
Shuanglei Huang ◽  
Daishe Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity

The tremendous input of ammonium and rare earth element (REE) ions released by the enormous consumption of (NH4)2SO4 in in situ leaching for ion-adsorption RE mining caused serious ground and surface water contamination. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was a sustainable in situ technology that can reduce this nitrogen pollution. In this research, in situ, semi in situ, and ex situ method of inoculation that included low-concentration (0.02 mg·L−1) and high-concentration (0.10 mg·L−1) lanthanum (La)(III) were adopted to explore effective start-up strategies for starting up anammox reactors seeded with activated sludge and anammox sludge. The reactors were refrigerated for 30 days at 4 °C to investigate the effects of La(III) during a period of low-temperature. The results showed that the in situ and semi in situ enrichment strategies with the addition of La(III) at a low-concentration La(III) addition (0.02 mg·L−1) reduced the length of time required to reactivate the sludge until it reached a state of stable anammox activity and high nitrogen removal efficiency by 60–71 days. The addition of La(III) promoted the formation of sludge floc with a compact structure that enabled it to resist the adverse effects of low temperature and so to maintain a high abundance of AnAOB and microbacterial community diversity of sludge during refrigeration period. The addition of La(III) at a high concentration caused the cellular percentage of AnAOB to decrease from 54.60 ± 6.19% to 17.35 ± 6.69% during the enrichment and reduced nitrogen removal efficiency to an unrecoverable level to post-refrigeration.

Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2677-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Christensson ◽  
S. Ekström ◽  
A. Andersson Chan ◽  
E. Le Vaillant ◽  
R. Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up

ANITA™ Mox is a new one-stage deammonification Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) developed for partial nitrification to nitrite and autotrophic N-removal from N-rich effluents. This deammonification process offers many advantages such as dramatically reduced oxygen requirements, no chemical oxygen demand requirement, lower sludge production, no pre-treatment or requirement of chemicals and thereby being an energy and cost efficient nitrogen removal process. An innovative seeding strategy, the ‘BioFarm concept’, has been developed in order to decrease the start-up time of new ANITA Mox installations. New ANITA Mox installations are started with typically 3–15% of the added carriers being from the ‘BioFarm’, with already established anammox biofilm, the rest being new carriers. The first ANITA Mox plant, started up in 2010 at Sjölunda wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Malmö, Sweden, proved this seeding concept, reaching an ammonium removal rate of 1.2 kgN/m3 d and approximately 90% ammonia removal within 4 months from start-up. This first ANITA Mox plant is also the BioFarm used for forthcoming installations. Typical features of this first installation were low energy consumption, 1.5 kW/NH4-N-removed, low N2O emissions, <1% of the reduced nitrogen and a very stable and robust process towards variations in loads and process conditions. The second ANITA Mox plant, started up at Sundets WWTP in Växjö, Sweden, reached full capacity with more than 90% ammonia removal within 2 months from start-up. By applying a nitrogen loading strategy to the reactor that matches the capacity of the seeding carriers, more than 80% nitrogen removal could be obtained throughout the start-up period.

scholarly journals Upscaling the Zeolite-Anammox Process: Treatment of Anaerobic Digester Filtrate

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Collison ◽  
Mark Grismer
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anammox Process

State regulatory and other agencies identified that nitrogen loading from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging around its periphery has adversely affected the San Francisco Bay (SFB) water quality. Here we consider the upscaling of the zeolite-anammox process treatment to nitrogen removal from relatively high-ammonia content (~500 NH3-N mg/L) anaerobic-digester (AD) filtrate to facilitate reductions in WWTP nitrogen discharge. First, by operating a 210 L barrel reactor as a trickling filter with a 10% by volume initial bio-zeolite seeding fraction, we found that 6–8 weeks elapsed before the anammox activity became apparent. Moreover, the 10-mm zeolite aggregate reactor achieved an 89% ammonia-N removal compared to the 85% achieved by the 20-mm aggregate. We then evaluated the performance of the trickling-filter design in a 68 m3 Baker tank nearly filled with 20-mm zeolite aggregate seeded with bio-zeolite at about 1.5% by volume. At an average inflow of 42 m3/day, about one year elapsed before achieving adequate anammox activity and acceptable treatment. Unfortunately, inadequate suspended solids pre-treatment of the AD filtrate resulted in clogging problems in the Baker tank reactor, so we evaluated aerobic-anaerobic cycling within the tank and then operated it (anaerobically) as a nitrate-scavenging tank. In the final anaerobic operational stage, nitrate effluent concentrations were <1 mg/L, perhaps due to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium by the anammox process, but ammonia removal fractions were only about 47%.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Proses Anammox Dalam Penyisihan Nitrogen Menggunakan Reaktor Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Reri Afrianita ◽  
Ilham Hagi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anammox Process

ABSTRACTAnammox process is a more practical alternative in biological nitrogen removal compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification processes. This process conducted at the optimum temperature of 370C. Indonesia, as a tropical country, has the potential for the application of anammox processes to remove nitrogen in wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of nitrogen removal in the anammox process using the Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature with variations in the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours and 12 hours, at the laboratory scale. Samples are measured twice a week using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. As a seeding sludge for start-up, the reactor was inoculated with granular anammox bacteria genus Candidatus Brocadia. At the stable operation, the ratio of ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N and ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N approach the stoichiometry of the anammox process were 1.20 and 0.21, respectively. The performance of nitrogen removal with 24-hour HRT obtained a maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.113 kg-N/m3.d with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/m3.d, and at 12-hour HRT, maximum NRR  of 0.196 kg-N/m3.d with NLR 0,28 kg-N/m3.d. Ammonium Conversion Efficiency (ACE) and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency (NRE) maximum for HRT 24 hours were 82% and 77%, respectively while HRT 12 hours were 72% and 68%, respectively. The anammox process operated stably in the tropical temperature with a temperature range of 23-280C on a laboratory scale using the UASB reactor.Keywords: anammox, nitrogen, temperature, tropical, uasb.ABSTRAKProses anammox menjadi alternatif yang lebih efektif dalam penyisihan nitrogen secara biologi dibandingkan dengan proses konvensional nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Proses ini berlangsung optimum pada suhu 370C. Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki potensi untuk aplikasi proses anammox untuk menghilangkan nitrogen pada air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efesiensi penyisihan nitrogen pada proses anammox menggunakan Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reaktor pada suhu ambien dengan variasi Waktu Tinggal Hidrolik (WTH) 24 jam dan 12 jam, pada skala laboratorium. Sampel diukur dua kali setiap minggu menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sebagai seeding sludge (lumpur biakan) untuk start-up (memulai) reaktor digunakan bakteri anammox genus Candidatus Brocadia berbentuk granular. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, didapatkan nilai rasio ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N dan ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N mendekati stoikiometri proses anammox yaitu 1,20 dan 0,21. Kinerja penyisihan nitrogen dengan WTH 24 jam didapatkan nilai tingkat penyisihan nitrogen (TPyN ) maksimum 0,113 kg-N/m3.h pada tingkat pemuatan nitrogen (TPN) 0,14 kg-N/m3.h, dan WTH 12 jam nilai TPyN  maksimum 0,196 kg-N/m3.h pada TPN 0,28 kg-N/m3.h. Nilai efisiensi konversi amonia (EKA) dan efisiensi penyisihan nitrogen (EPN) maksimum pada WTH 24 jam berturut-turut adalah 82% dan 77%, sedangkan pada WTH 12 jam berturut-turut adalah 72% dan 68%. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa proses anammox dapat berlangsung stabil pada daerah tropis dengan suhu terukur 21-290C pada skala laboratorium menggunakan UASB reaktor. Kata kunci: Anammox, nitrogen, temperatur, tropis, uasb.

scholarly journals Autotrophic ammonia removal from landfill leachate using anaerobic membrane bioreactor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Suneethi ◽  
Kurian Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) is an innovative high cell density system having complete biomass retention, high reactor loading and low sludge production and suitable for developing slow growing autotrophic bacterial cultures such as ANAMMOX. The Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process is an advanced biological nitrogen removal removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. The NH4+-N in the landfill leachate that is formed due to the release of nitrogen from municipal solid waste (MSW), when discharged untreated, into the surface water can result in eutrophication, aquatic toxicity and emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) to atmosphere. Besides, NH4+-N accumulation in landfills poses long term pollution issue with significant interference during post closure thereby requiring its removal prior to ultimate disposal into inland surface waters. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and treatment efficiency of treating landfill leachate (to check) for removing NH4+-N by adopting ANAMMOX process in AnMBR. The AnMBR was optimized for Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) varying from 0.025 to 5 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d with hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranging from 1 to 3 d. NH4+-N removal efficacy of 85.13 ± 9.67% with the mean nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 5.54 ± 0.63 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d was achieved with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 6.51 ± 0.20 kg NH4+- N/ m3/ d at 1.5 d HRT. The nitrogen transformation intermediates in the form of hydrazine (N2H4) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) were 0.008 ± 0.005 mg/L and 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/L, respectively, indicating co-existence of aerobic ammonia oxidizers (AOB) and ANAMMOX. The free ammonia (NH3) and free nitrous acid (HNO2) concentrations were 26.61 ± 16.54 mg/L and (1.66 ± 0.95) x 10-5 mg/L, preventing NO2--N oxidation to NO3--N enabling sustained NH4+- N removal.

scholarly journals Performance of Anammox Processes for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review on Effects of Operational Conditions and Environmental Stresses

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunja Cho ◽  
Cicilia Kambey ◽  
Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Operational Factors

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is well-known as a low-energy consuming and eco-friendly technology for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater. Although the anammox reaction was widely investigated in terms of its application in many wastewater treatment processes, practical anammox application at the pilot and industrial scales is limited because nitrogen removal efficiency and anammox activity are dependent on many operational factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, nitrogen loading, and organic matter content. In practical application, anammox bacteria are possibly vulnerable to non-essential compounds such as sulfides, toxic metal elements, alcohols, phenols, and antibiotics that are potential inhibitors owing to the complexity of the wastewater stream. This review systematically summarizes up-to-date studies on the effect of various operational factors on nitrogen removal performance along with reactor type, mode of operation (batch or continuous), and cultured anammox bacterial species. The effect of potential anammox inhibition factors such as high nitrite concentration, high salinity, sulfides, toxic metal elements, and toxic organic compounds is listed with a thorough interpretation of the synergistic and antagonistic toxicity of these inhibitors. Finally, the strategy for optimization of anammox processes for wastewater treatment is suggested, and the importance of future studies on anammox applications is indicated.

scholarly journals Start-Up Characteristics of a Granule-Based Anammox UASB Reactor Seeded with Anaerobic Granular Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xiong ◽  
Yun-Yan Wang ◽  
Chong-Jian Tang ◽  
Li-Yuan Chai ◽  
Kang-Que Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Nitrite Removal ◽  
Conventional Medium

The granulation of anammox sludge plays an important role in the high nitrogen removal performance of the anammox reactor. In this study, anaerobic granular sludge was selected as the seeding sludge to start up anammox reactor in order to directly obtain anammox granules. Results showed that the anammox UASB reactor was successfully started up by inoculating anaerobic granular sludge, with substrate capacity of 4435.2 mg/(L·d) and average ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency of 90.36% and 93.29%, respectively. During the start-up course, the granular sludge initially disintegrated and then reaggregated and turned red, suggesting the high anammox performance. Zn-Fe precipitation was observed on the surface of granules during the operation by SEM-EDS, which would impose inhibition to the anammox activity of the granules. Accordingly, it is suggested to relatively reduce the trace metals concentrations, of Fe and Zn in the conventional medium. The findings of this study are expected to be used for a shorter start-up and more stable operation of anammox system.

Development and optimisation of VFA driven DEAMOX process for treatment of strong nitrogenous anaerobic effluents

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kalyuzhnyi ◽  
M. A. Gladchenko ◽  
Ho Kang ◽  
A. Mulder ◽  
A. Versprille
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

The recently proposed DEAMOX (DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation) process combines the anammox reaction with autotrophic denitrifying conditions using sulphide as an electron donor for the production of nitrite from nitrate within an anaerobic biofilm. This paper firstly presents a feasibility study of the DEAMOX process using synthetic (ammonia + nitrate) wastewater where sulphide is replaced by volatile fatty acids (VFA) as a more widespread electron donor for partial denitrification. Under the influent N-NH4+/N-NO3− and COD/N-NO3− ratios of 1 and 2.3, respectively, the typical efficiencies of ammonia removal were around 40% (no matter whether a VFA mixture or only acetate were used) for nitrogen loading rates (NLR) up to 1236 mg N/l/d. This parameter increased to 80% by increasing the influent COD/N-NO3− ratio to 3.48 and decreasing the influent N-NH4+/N-NO3− ratio to 0.29. As a result, the total nitrogen removal increased to 95%. The proposed process was further tested with typical strong nitrogenous effluent such as reject water (total N, 530–566 mg N/l; total COD, 1530–1780 mg/l) after thermophilic sludge anaerobic digestion. For this, the raw wastewater was split and partially (∼50%) fed to a nitrifying reactor (to generate nitrate) and the remaining part (∼50%) was directed to the DEAMOX reactor where this stream was mixed with the nitrified effluent. Stable process performance up to NLR of 1,243 mg N/l/d in the DEAMOX reactor was achieved resulting in 40, 100, and 66% removal of ammonia, NOx−, and total nitrogen, respectively.

scholarly journals Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Compact Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Granules in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2652-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Jie Ni ◽  
Bao-Lan Hu ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Wen-Ming Xie ◽  
Boran Kartal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising new process to treat high-strength nitrogenous wastewater. Due to the low growth rate of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, efficient biomass retention is essential for reactor operation. Therefore, we studied the settling ability and community composition of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules, which were cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor seeded with aerobic granules. With this seed, the start-up period was less than 160 days at a NH4 +-N removal efficiency of 94% and a loading rate of 0.064 kg N per kg volatile suspended solids per day. The formed granules were bright red and had a high settling velocity (41 to 79 m h−1). Cells and extracellular polymeric substances were evenly distributed over the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules. The high percentage of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules could be visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. The copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules were determined to be 4.6 � 108 copies ml−1. The results of this study could be used for a better design, shorter start-up time, and more stable operation of anammox systems for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewaters.

scholarly journals Start-Up of Anammox SBR from Non-Specific Inoculum and Process Acceleration Methods by Hydrazine

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ivar Zekker ◽  
Oleg Artemchuk ◽  
Ergo Rikmann ◽  
Kelvin Ohimai ◽  
Gourav Dhar Bhowmick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Optimum Salinity ◽  
Anammox Process

Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5–2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2–12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic–anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

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