scholarly journals Evaluation of bioremediation of oil-polluted soil using the respirometric oxitop® method.

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Aare Selberg ◽  
Toomas Tenno
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Activation Of Oxygen

Bioremediation includes natural processes to degrade harmful compounds in theenvironment. The goal in bioremediation is to stimulate microorganisms with differentadditives that will activate them to destroy the contaminants. Respirometry methods havebeen used to assess the microbial activity of soil but a few respirational studies have beenperformed with surfactants.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of surfactants and adsorbents onoil-contaminanted soil respirational activity. The measurement of oxygen consumption isused to evaluate the enhancement of the bioremediation of polluted soil by surfactantsand adsorbents. Selected surfactants were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Saponine andemulsifying agent SR-100. In the present study the respirometric OxiTop® system wasused to measure the oxygen consumption of the soil by adding the different surfactants.The rates of oxygen consumption were calculated from respiration data.The measurements of respiration showed that the maximum initial rate of oxygenconsumption of soil was 4.39 mg 02 kg -1 h -1 at the water content of9% (w/w ). SR-100addition showed the highest initial rate of oxygen consumption - 18.61 mg 02 kg ·1 h -1•The medium rate of oxygen consumption of the oil contaminated soil for five days washalf of the initial rate. The mixtures of soil and the adsorbents had lower respirationalactivity, even when solutions of the surfactants were added. The highest initial rates ofoxygen consumption of soil were 4.24 mg Oi kg -1 h -1 ( Saponine solution was added) and13.00 mg 02 kg"1 h"1 (SR-100 solution was added) for the hydrophobic and hydrophilicadrorbents, respectively. For the mixture of soil and adsorbent the longer lag-period forthe activation of oxygen consumption occurred by the adding of surfactants.

A transport-dependent energy burden imposed by growth of Enterobacter cloacae in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance C. Kramer ◽  
Kenneth W. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Growth of Enterobacter cloacae in a glucose asparagine salts medium in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate entailed an energy burden in the form of a 20% decreased cell yield, a 30% faster rate of glucose utilization, and a 70% increased rate of oxygen consumption. Similar detergent-induced decreases in cell yield were observed with 10 other sugars and sugar alcohols. Only glycerol supported equivalent cell growth in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A model is presented which interprets these observations in terms of an altered membrane potential which makes active transport energetically less efficient.

A two-part energy burden imposed by growth of Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli in sodium dodecyl sulfate

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arden Aspedon ◽  
Kenneth W. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate

Enterobacter cloacae, like most enteric bacteria, can grow in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The bacteria tolerate the detergent and do not metabolize it. In a defined glucose–salts medium the growth rate remained unchanged (G = 55 min) as the detergent concentration was increased from 0 to 10% SDS. However, growth in SDS exhibited a two-part energy dependence. In part 1, the SDS-grown cells underwent rapid lysis when they ran out of energy. Cells that had entered stationary phase owing to carbon limitation lysed, while those that had entered owing to nitrogen or phosphorus limitation did not. We attribute part 1 of the energy dependence to SDS as a detergent. In part 2, the cells grown in 5 or 10% SDS exhibited longer lag periods, potassium accumulation, decreased cell yields, and higher oxygen consumption. The higher oxygen consumption occurred during both exponential phase and nitrogen-limited stationary phase. However, the decreased cell yield and higher oxygen consumption of SDS-grown cells were mimicked by cells grown in equivalent concentrations of sucrose or polyethylene glycol. We attribute part 2 of the energy dependence to SDS as a solute. Finally, with regard to the as yet unidentified bacterial osmotic stress detector, we used the micelle-forming nature of SDS to conclude that the detector was responding to turgor pressure – water activity rather than to osmolarity itself.Key words: sodium dodecyl sulfate, bacterial detergent resistance, osmotic stress, oxygen consumption, energy-dependent cell lysis.

Burrowing behaviour and anaerobiosis in the bivalve Arctica islandica (L.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Arctica Islandica ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Burrowing Activity

In laboratory tanks as well as in the sea Arctica islandica shows a pattern of intermittent burrowing activity. Periods spent at the surface of the deposit alternate with periods buried several centimetres beneath the surface of the sand, during which the animals respire anaerobically. There is no obvious rhythmicity to this behaviour; the duration of periods spent beneath the surface is very variable even in the same animal, but normally lasts between 1 and 7 days.On the return to aerobic conditions both the heart rate and oxygen consumption areincreased but decline gradually during the following 20–25 h. This increased oxygen uptake is caused primarily by an increase in oxygen utilization but there is little change in ventilation rate. Both the initial rate of oxygen consumption and the duration of the recovery period show a correlation with the duration of the period of anaerobiosis. The concentration of alaninc in the blood of Arctica is high immediately after the return to aerobic conditions but declines during the recovery period. The similarity in the time taken for the concentration of alanine in the blood and the oxygen consumption of Arctica to return to normal levels suggests that at least part of this increased oxygen demand is associated with the metabolism of end-products of anaerobiosis.

scholarly journals Use of Silicon Dioxide Encapsulation Method for Restoration of Oil-Polluted Soils

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Main Component

Purpose. Approbation of the method of encapsulation of silicon dioxide to restore the biological value of oil-contaminated soil. Methods. The encapsulating solution was prepared using sodium silicate (7% w. / vol.) as the main component and a synthetic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate). To restore the contaminated soil, a treatment solution ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 was used for sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. Phytotoxicity of oil-contaminated soil was determined by biotesting aqueous extracts from the soil. Results. The most optimized for use from the studied ratios of substances is a solution consisting of 2 parts: sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The lowest phytotoxic effect (17%) was recorded at pH of 5 of the treated soil and the ratio of solution components 1:2 (sodium silicate / sodium dodecyl sulfate). In the experiments, 2 species of monocotyledons (oats, corn) and 2 species of dicotyledonous plants (lettuce, black radish) were used. Conclusions. The technology of encapsulation of silicon dioxide in the treatment of oil-contaminated soils with a solution of sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate is quite economically attractive. The material formed as a result of the encapsulation process dries, forming an amorphous silica material, within which, in our opinion, hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulate, but further research is needed for such a statement.

Thyroxine and the Oxygen Consumption of the Spermatozoa of Echinus Miliaris

1930 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
G. S. CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

1. In the presence of thyroxine in concentrations of 1/45,000 to 1/75,000 the initial rate of oxygen consumption of the spermatozoa of Echinus miliaris is the same as in sea-water without the drug, but this rate of oxygen consumption is prolonged for a longer time in the presence of the drug. The rate of oxygen consumption in the presence of the drug falls after this period, and at the end of 2-4 hours is approximately equal to that in clean sea-water. 2. In a concentration of 1/30,000 the drug is toxic, and of 1/100,000 the effect is incomplete. 3. These effects are parallel to, and apparently of the same nature as, the effects of secretions of the eggs of the same species upon the oxygen consumption; but the effects of the egg secretions are much greater in extent. 4. The suggestion is made that the egg secretions contain, in addition to their other known constituents, either a body of which the physiological effect is similar to that of thyroxine, and which is perhaps similar to it in chemical structure, or some constituent from which such a body is built, when it is absorbed by the spermatozoon. 5. In its action upon the spermatozoon the effect of thyroxine is to remove or reduce the cause of the decreasing activity of the spermatozoon in sea-water (as revealed by its oxygen consumption). This effect is immediate and may take place at any period during the life of the spermatozoon at which its oxygen consumption in the presence of thyroxine is greater than that in sea-water.

Heterozygous Abnormal Fibrinogen Osaka III with the Replacement of γ Arginine-275 by Histidine Has an Apparently Higher Molecular Weight γ-Chain Variant

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Yoshida ◽  
Shingi Imaoka ◽  
Hajime Hirata ◽  
Michio Matsuda ◽  
Shinji Asakura
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Thrombotic Tendency ◽  
Chain Variant

SummaryCongenitally abnormal fibrinogen Osaka III with the replacement of γ Arg-275 by His was found in a 38-year-old female with no bleeding or thrombotic tendency. Release of fibrinopeptide(s) by thrombin or reptilase was normal, but her thrombin or reptilase time in the absence of calcium was markedly prolonged and the polymerization of preformed fibrin monomer which was prepared by the treatment of fibrinogen with thrombin or reptilase was also markedly defective. Propositus' fibrinogen had normal crosslinking abilities of α- and γ-chains. Analysis of fibrinogen chains on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the system of Laemmli only revealed the presence of abnormal γ-chain with an apparently higher molecular weight, the presence of which was more clearly detected with SDS-PAGE of fibrin monomer obtained by thrombin treatment. Purified fragment D1 of fibrinogen Osaka III also seemed to contain an apparently higher molecular weight fragment D1 γ remnant on Laemmli gels, which was digested faster than the normal control by plasmin in the presence of [ethy-lenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (EGTA).

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