A transport-dependent energy burden imposed by growth of Enterobacter cloacae in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance C. Kramer ◽  
Kenneth W. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Growth of Enterobacter cloacae in a glucose asparagine salts medium in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate entailed an energy burden in the form of a 20% decreased cell yield, a 30% faster rate of glucose utilization, and a 70% increased rate of oxygen consumption. Similar detergent-induced decreases in cell yield were observed with 10 other sugars and sugar alcohols. Only glycerol supported equivalent cell growth in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A model is presented which interprets these observations in terms of an altered membrane potential which makes active transport energetically less efficient.

A two-part energy burden imposed by growth of Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli in sodium dodecyl sulfate

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arden Aspedon ◽  
Kenneth W. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate

Enterobacter cloacae, like most enteric bacteria, can grow in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The bacteria tolerate the detergent and do not metabolize it. In a defined glucose–salts medium the growth rate remained unchanged (G = 55 min) as the detergent concentration was increased from 0 to 10% SDS. However, growth in SDS exhibited a two-part energy dependence. In part 1, the SDS-grown cells underwent rapid lysis when they ran out of energy. Cells that had entered stationary phase owing to carbon limitation lysed, while those that had entered owing to nitrogen or phosphorus limitation did not. We attribute part 1 of the energy dependence to SDS as a detergent. In part 2, the cells grown in 5 or 10% SDS exhibited longer lag periods, potassium accumulation, decreased cell yields, and higher oxygen consumption. The higher oxygen consumption occurred during both exponential phase and nitrogen-limited stationary phase. However, the decreased cell yield and higher oxygen consumption of SDS-grown cells were mimicked by cells grown in equivalent concentrations of sucrose or polyethylene glycol. We attribute part 2 of the energy dependence to SDS as a solute. Finally, with regard to the as yet unidentified bacterial osmotic stress detector, we used the micelle-forming nature of SDS to conclude that the detector was responding to turgor pressure – water activity rather than to osmolarity itself.Key words: sodium dodecyl sulfate, bacterial detergent resistance, osmotic stress, oxygen consumption, energy-dependent cell lysis.

The energy dependence of detergent resistance in Enterobacter cloacae: a likely requirement for ATP rather than a proton gradient or a membrane potential

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arden Aspedon ◽  
Kenneth W. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Proton Gradient ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate

The enteric bacterium Enterobacter cloacae was grown both aerobically and anaerobically in the presence of up to 1% of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A continuous energy supply was necessary to maintain cell integrity and cells grown in SDS (0.1–1%) lysed during carbon-limited stationary phase. The respiratory inhibitor KCN (3 mM) caused rapid lysis when added to aerobic, log phase, SDS-containing cultures growing on glucose as the carbon source. However, when the SDS (0.5%) was added 30 min after KCN, lysis did not occur. The likely reason for this discrepancy concerns the cellular ATP levels. In aerobic cells the ATP levels dropped 10- to 15-fold within 1 min of adding KCN and then increased gradually over the next 30 min. Similarly, the addition of 2 mM iodoacetic acid, an inhibitor of glycolysis, to anaerobic, log phase, SDS-containing cultures caused rapid lysis. However, unlike the situation for KCN-treated aerobic cells, lysis still occurred when SDS (0.5%) was added 30 min after addition of iodoacetic acid. The reason for this difference is that in anaerobic cells, ATP levels dropped 10-to 12-fold within 5 min of the addition of iodoacetic acid and then did not increase over the next 30 min. Evidence that the energy requirement was for ATP was provided by uptake experiments with [14C]benzoic acid and α-[14C] isoaminobutyric acid that showed that the proton gradient (ΔpH) and the membrane potential (Δψ were the same in cells grown in the presence or absence of SDS. Likewise, for both aerobic and anaerobic cultures the absence of a proton gradient (ΔpH = 0) did not cause cell lysis. In carbon-starved stationary phase cells, Δψ was the same in the presence and absence of SDS. Taken together, this evidence suggests that ATP, and not ΔpH or Δψ, is required for SDS resistance.Key words: sodium dodecyl sulfate, bacterial detergent resistance, energy-dependent cell lysis, membrane potential, proton gradient, ATP.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bioremediation of oil-polluted soil using the respirometric oxitop® method.

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Aare Selberg ◽  
Toomas Tenno
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Activation Of Oxygen

Bioremediation includes natural processes to degrade harmful compounds in theenvironment. The goal in bioremediation is to stimulate microorganisms with differentadditives that will activate them to destroy the contaminants. Respirometry methods havebeen used to assess the microbial activity of soil but a few respirational studies have beenperformed with surfactants.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of surfactants and adsorbents onoil-contaminanted soil respirational activity. The measurement of oxygen consumption isused to evaluate the enhancement of the bioremediation of polluted soil by surfactantsand adsorbents. Selected surfactants were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Saponine andemulsifying agent SR-100. In the present study the respirometric OxiTop® system wasused to measure the oxygen consumption of the soil by adding the different surfactants.The rates of oxygen consumption were calculated from respiration data.The measurements of respiration showed that the maximum initial rate of oxygenconsumption of soil was 4.39 mg 02 kg -1 h -1 at the water content of9% (w/w ). SR-100addition showed the highest initial rate of oxygen consumption - 18.61 mg 02 kg ·1 h -1•The medium rate of oxygen consumption of the oil contaminated soil for five days washalf of the initial rate. The mixtures of soil and the adsorbents had lower respirationalactivity, even when solutions of the surfactants were added. The highest initial rates ofoxygen consumption of soil were 4.24 mg Oi kg -1 h -1 ( Saponine solution was added) and13.00 mg 02 kg"1 h"1 (SR-100 solution was added) for the hydrophobic and hydrophilicadrorbents, respectively. For the mixture of soil and adsorbent the longer lag-period forthe activation of oxygen consumption occurred by the adding of surfactants.

Solubility and adsorption behaviors of chlorophenols in the presence of surfactant

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Liu ◽  
P. S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Important Index ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Triton X

The solubility of chlorophenols as affected by surfactant was investigated. Three kinds of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and Brij 35, were utilized. The solubilization of chlorophenols by surfactant follows the order of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 2,6-dichlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol; and the critical micelle concentration is an important index. The adsorption reactions of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6- trichlorophenol onto hydrous montmorillonite in the presence of surfactant were examined. The presence of surfactant decreased the adsorption of chlorophenols significantly. The roles of hydrophobicity of chlorophenols in solubilization and adsorption behaviors are discussed.

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